Lub Ntsej Muag Plaster (92 Duab): Sib Xyaw Ua Kom Sov Rau Sab Nrauv Ua Haujlwm Thiab Kho Kom Zoo Nkauj Sab Nrauv, Ntxhia Thiab Terrazite Plaster Sib Xyaw Rau Phab Ntsa

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Ib qho ntawm txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab muab txoj hauv kev los ua kom lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj yog siv cov plaster sab nraum zoov. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, nws muaj peev xwm ua tsis tau tsuas yog muab cov qauv nrog kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj tseem tiv thaiv nws los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud.

Muab qhov kev xaiv raug ntawm plaster thiab ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau theem saum npoo, zais cov ces kaum tsis sib luag, thiab ua kom cov cua sov rwb thaiv tsev zoo dua qub.

Plaster hauv kev txhais lus los ntawm Italis txhais tau tias "txiv qaub, gypsum, alabaster ". Nws yog cov ntaub ntawv no uas tsim lub hauv paus ntawm thawj qhov kev daws teeb meem. Niaj hnub no, cov khoom siv yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, uas, nyob ntawm hom, muaj cov cement, xuab zeb, silicone, acrylic, thiab lwm yam.

Peculiarities

Lub ntsej muag plaster yog npaj rau siv sab nraum zoov thiab yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov hauv qab no:

• cov cim qhia tau zoo ntawm cov pa permeability (txwv tsis pub, cov tsev cog khoom cuam tshuam los ntawm txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom thiab cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev tsis tuaj yeem zam tau, uas txhais tau tias kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov kawg, qhov pom ntawm cov pwm nyob sab nraud thiab sab hauv lub tsev);
• tiv taus qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntuj, hloov pauv kub;
• tiv taus cov neeg kho tshuab thiab zoo li qub kev nyuab siab;
• yooj yim ntawm daim ntawv thov.

Qhov sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv sib txawv, uas cuam tshuam zoo rau nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb, kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm txheej. Qhov nruab nrab, yuav tsum tau kho dua hauv 7-10 xyoo rau kev xaiv sib xyaw pheej yig dua thiab hauv 15-20 xyoo rau cov khoom siv hwm.

Cov khoom siv muaj qhov zoo xws li kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig, kev nyab xeeb ntawm hluav taws, muaj peev xwm kom tau txais ntau yam kev zoo nkauj, qhov hnyav, lub zog tiv taus ya raws thiab vapor permeability. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias peb sib piv nws lub zog nrog lub zog ntawm cov nplais pobzeb lossis ntsib cov vuas thiab ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj hauv tsev, tom qab ntawv plaster yog qhov qis dua lawv. Tias yog vim li cas plaster tau nquag siv los kho lub tsev ntiag tug thiab, tsawg tsawg zaus, cov tsev haujlwm pej xeem.

7 duab

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias kev ua tiav cov plag tsev yuav tsum tau siv feem ntau los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, thiab kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub ntawm 5C.

Daim ntawv thov thaj tsam

Lub ntsej muag plaster yog npaj rau kev ua tiav phab ntsa.

Kev sib xyaw ua ke yog siv thaum ua cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

• ua haujlwm rau theem saum npoo, tshem tawm cov pob qij txha, tawg, qhov khoob;
• tso cai rau koj los tsim homogeneous seamless txheej;
• kev ua kom sov-rwb thaiv tsev tso cai rau koj kom txo cov cua sov siv, tshem tawm "cov choj txias" thiab ua kom cov cua sov ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm lub tsev;

• tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws kub los ntawm hluav taws;
• tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, raug cua;
• muab lub tsev ua kom zoo nkauj tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tsis txawv.

Saib

Nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab muaj cov khoom ntxiv, hom plaster hauv qab no rau lub ntsej muag yog qhov txawv:

Maas

Nws suav tias yog qhov feem ntau (nws feem ntau siv gypsum), nws muaj cov cement, xuab zeb ntawm cov feem uas haum, txiv qaub. Kev sib xyaw ua ke cov cement tuaj yeem siv rau cov hauv paus ua haujlwm ntawm cov pob zeb ua ke, aerated qhob, cib.

Qhov kev thov rau cov cement plaster yog vim muaj cov nplaum zoo - nws tsis xav tau cov sib txuas ntxiv los txhim kho kev nplaum rau saum npoo. Cov ntawv thov daws tau zoo tsis muaj cov chips ntev.

Tus thawj coj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav, plaster-based plaster yog ua los ntawm nws lub zog ntxiv thiab muaj peev xwm siv nws txawm tias nyob hauv qhov chaw huab cua sov. Rau cov tshuaj khib, cov cement ua kom muaj zog ntxiv (M400) tau siv, thiab nws qhov sib piv nrog cov xuab zeb yog 1: 3 (sib piv - rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv nws yog 1: 4).

Vim yog ntuj tsim thiab tus nqi qis ntawm cov khoom siv plaster, nws muaj tus nqi pheej yig. Qhov nruab nrab, qhov no yog 250-400 rubles rau 25 kg qhuav sib tov.

Yog tias peb tham txog "qhov tsis zoo" ntawm txheej txheej, tom qab ntawd nws tsim nyog sau cia tias lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg (ntxiv rau, yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej ncua sijhawm ntev ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau) thiab nws qhov hnyav, uas suav nrog lub nra ntawm lub tsev thav duab.

Maas plaster yog qhov tsim nyog yog tias qhov muaj feem thib yog qhov ua tau ntev thiab muaj txheej txheej tsis muaj qhov ua kom zoo tag nrho. Cov tawv tawv tuaj yeem pleev xim nrog cov xim acrylic.

Silicate

Nws lub hauv paus yog "kua iav", uas yog, kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov poov tshuaj thiab sodium alloys, vim tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pa nkag mus tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb hluav taws tau ua tiav. Qhov kawg, los ntawm txoj kev, tso cai rau koj siv plaster rau ntawm qhov chaw insulated nrog nthuav polystyrene.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nplaim npog nrog cov yas silicate tsis nyiam plua plav . (vim qhov nruab nrab electrostaticity ntawm cov khoom), tiv taus ib puag ncig cuam tshuam.

Ua tsaug rau ntau yam ntawm textures thiab xim, nws muaj peev xwm los siv ntau yam kev tsim qauv, kom ua tiav qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv.

Tom qab ziab, qhov sib xyaw tsis hloov pauv, txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem ntawm nws daim ntawv thov yog siv zog heev, thiab, raws li txoj cai, xav tau kev koom tes ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Cov nplaim tau npaj ua ntej. Cov khoom siv tuaj yeem siv rau cov pob zeb thiab plasterboard. Tab sis ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev polymer, cov kua roj vanish thiab pleev xim rau saum npoo, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg raws li silicate tsis haum.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia ntev - txog 15 xyoos, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv yog siab heev - los ntawm 2500 rubles rau kev npaj ua tiav nrog ntim ntawm 25 kg.

Acrylic

Acrylic-based kho kom zoo nkauj plaster yog qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev xaiv loj ntawm textures thiab xim. Ib qho ntxiv, nws muaj kev ywj pheej thiab tiv taus rau ib puag ncig sab nraud thiab noo noo. Qhov no yog qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev hloov kho thiab cov yas uas tam sim no muaj nyob hauv kev tsim. Vim yog qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv, nws zoo haum rau txhawm rau txhawm, nruj qhov khoob ntawm phab ntsa. Yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog cov kab mob tua kab mob uas tiv thaiv txheej los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov pwm thiab fungi.

Ib yam li lwm hom, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm acrylic yog ua los ntawm cov pa permeability . Ib qho ntxiv, nws txoj kev siv tso cai ua tiav lub suab zoo thiab cov cua sov ua kom tiav. Nws yog qhov ruaj khov, nws lub neej ua haujlwm yog 15-20 xyoo. Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm acrylic plaster yog 1,700-3,000 rubles rau 25 kg thoob ntim. Nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov nqi tseem yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tshaj lij txhawm rau siv cov khoom sib xyaw. Kev npaj ua haujlwm xav tau cov txuj ci tshwj xeeb, thiab cov plaster nws tus kheej nrawm nrawm - nws yuav tsum tau thov sai li sai tau.

Ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm txheej yog nws qhov siab electrostaticity, thiab yog li ntawd qhov saum npoo tau kis tau sai. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsis nyuaj los ntxuav nws los ntawm kev ywg dej nrog lub qhov dej. Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv tiv taus UV siab tshaj plaws.

Acrylic plaster feem ntau yog dawb. Cov xim xav tau yog ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm cov phiaj xwm xim, uas tau ntxiv rau qhov kev daws teeb meem tiav. Cov txheej txheem acrylic-raws li tsis haum rau daim ntawv thov rau cov pob zeb hauv av wool, thiab nws siv dhau cov pob zeb aerated yuav tsum tau kuaj ua ntej.

Silicone

Kev daws teeb meem yog ua los ntawm silicone (qhov tseeb dua, silicone resins), yog li cov ntawv nplaum no muaj ntau dua li acrylic. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais cov nplaim du. Cov neeg tsim khoom kuj zoo siab rau ntau yam xim xaiv - muaj ntau dua 200 ntawm lawv.

Ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv yog nws cov hydrophobicity (uas yog, zam kev sib cuag nrog dej, tiv thaiv cov txheej ntawm cov molecules tom kawg). Lub plaster yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm vapor permeability, zoo adhesion, kev co kuj.

Nws tsis xav tau kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb thiab yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv kev ua haujlwm . Txawm li cas los xij, daim ntawv thov kev daws teeb meem silicone yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij, vim tias yuav tsum muaj kev npaj ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb, kev thov siv silicone-based primer. Thaum ua ntawv thov, tuaj yeem siv phau ntawv qhia thiab tshuaj tsuag.

Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov khoom sib xyaw tsis haum rau daim ntawv thov rau rwb thaiv tsev sab nrauv. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, txheej txheej hniav zoo nkauj tau muab tso rau saum lub hauv paus thiab txhawb nqa mesh.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom siv - koj yuav tsum tau them los ntawm 2,500 txog 5,000 rubles rau 25 litre thoob.

Ntxhia

Nws lub hauv paus yog cov cement thiab slaked txiv qaub, ntxiv rau cov nplua-nplua (cov av nplaum, cov pob zeb). Txhawm rau tsim cov pob zeb hauv av plaster, cov cement nrog lub zog M500 thiab siab dua yog siv. Qhov no ua rau muaj zog ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv, tiv taus qhov kub heev (tso cai ntsuas qhov ntsuas sov - txog -50C), thiab kev pab cuam lub neej (nruab nrab 15 xyoos). Plaster yog qhov tshwj xeeb uas tsis yog-kev sib txuas tau, cua sov zoo thiab lub suab rwb thaiv tsev.

8 duab

Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov muab tub lim hauv nws tso cai rau koj kom ua tiav qee yam zoo nkauj ntawm cov txheej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov xim sib txawv yog tawm ntawm cov lus nug. Nws tuaj yeem muab qhov ntxoov ntxoo rau cov tshuaj sib xyaw tsuas yog tom qab nws thov thiab ua kom tawv tawv (tom qab 2 hnub) los ntawm kev pleev xim nrog cov xim tshwj xeeb.

Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias cov nplaim dej nrog cov ntxhia sib xyaw tsis ua rau muaj kev co zoo, thiab yog li ntawd tsis tsim nyog siv rau cov tsev nyob ze ntawm txoj kev loj, hauv thaj chaw uas muaj dej qias neeg.

Terrazitic

Nws yog ib yam ntawm cov ntsej muag zoo nkauj plaster raws cov cement, xuab zeb, cov kua qaub nrog rau ntxiv ntawm cov pob zeb marble thiab mica. Qhov no muab cov txiaj ntsig pom kev zoo thiab lav qhov ua haujlwm ntev.

Ntawm qhov zoo tseem ceeb ntawm txheej yog nws tiv taus ib puag ncig cuam tshuam , kev siv ntau yam (kuj tsim nyog rau kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv), kev pab lub neej ntev. Nws tsim nyog sau cia qhov ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab kom qhuav ntawm cov khoom.

Cork

Hniav plaster ntawm hom no tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam ntau ntawm cov neeg nyiam ntawm eco-style. Vim tias muaj nyob hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntoo ntoo ntoo ntuj, uas yog "raus dej" hauv cov hloov pauv thiab cov hlua khi, cov khoom muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cork ntuj. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb zoo ib yam, ntxiv rau qhov muag muag, tiv thaiv zoo li qub, hloov pauv, ib puag ncig phooj ywg. Haum rau daim ntawv thov ntawm aerated qhob, nthuav av nplaum thaiv, ntoo, plastered yas thiab tsis plastered nto.

Yog tias peb tham txog cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm ntawm kev daws teeb meem, tom qab ntawv plaster tuaj yeem yog cov hauv qab no:

Thaum tshav kub kub insulating

Haum rau cov tsev uas qhov rwb thaiv tsev uas twb muaj lawm tsis tiv nrog nws cov haujlwm, thiab lub tsev thav duab yuav tsis tiv nws cov txheej ntxiv.

"Sov" plaster muaj sawdust, nthuav polystyrene, verkulite, perlite lossis ua npuas dej iav. Vermiculite thiab cov perlite uas zoo sib xws yog cov cua sov zoo heev - 3 cm tuab ntawm cov plaster yuav hloov 15 cm txheej ntawm cov cib ua haujlwm.

Soundproof

Xws li cov plaster tau siv los ua cov khoom pabcuam hauv kev sib xyaw nrog cov plaub tsiaj plaub tsiaj, ua npuas dej. Ua ke lawv txo qis suab nrov thiab siv rau cov tsev nyob ze ntawm txoj kev loj, cov chaw tsim khoom, tshav dav hlau thiab chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau, taug kev.

Rau cov plaster kom nqus tau lub suab, nws yuav tsum yog cov cement ., ntxiv rau muaj pumice, shpak, magnesite. Qhov no muab cov porosity saum npoo, uas yog tus yuam sij rau lub suab nqus.

Tsim thiab kev ntxhib los mos

Cov qauv ntawm cov plaster cuam tshuam rau kev ua kom ntev ntawm qhov chaw. Yog li, cov plaster yooj yim dua rau tawg dua li cov qauv. Cov npoo ntxhib xws li "menyuam yaj" lossis "kab laug sab tawv ntoo" muaj kev tiv taus ntau dua rau ib puag ncig kev ntxhov siab thiab tawg.

Cov nplaim paj tau ua tiav vim muaj cov muab tshuaj txhuam hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg lossis siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, "menyuam yaj" cuam tshuam txog kev siv cov menyuam tshwj xeeb thiab ib nrab-hlaws, nrog kev pab ntawm cov qog uas tau tsim ua ntu ntu. Qhov "bark beetle" muaj pebbles me me uas tsim cov zawj thaum grouting.

Ntawm qhov nrov textures:

• " Kameshkovaya " yog ib qho muaj pes tsawg leeg suav nrog. Lawv txoj kab uas hla yog 1-3 hli. Cov roughening cov nyhuv yog ua tiav los ntawm kev txhuam nrog cov yas ntab lossis siv lub tais, txhuam.
• " Bark kab " yog kev ntxhib los mos nrog ntau qhov zawj - kab rov tav, ntsug, yoj. Kev ntxhib los mos yog tsim los siv tib cov ntaub ntawv ib yam li "pebble" ib qho.
• Mosaic , uas yog raws li silicate lossis silicone sib xyaw. Pob zeb pob zeb ntawm ib feem loj ntawm ntau yam ntxoov ntxoo ntxiv rau nws. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov tawv tawv tawv zoo ib yam li cov pob zeb kim, thiab cov xim sib xyaw ua ke tsim cov qauv txawv.
• " Yaj " yog txheej txheej pob zeb mos mos, uas tau ua tiav vim yog cov pob zeb nplej ntawm ntau yam feem hauv kev sib xyaw. Ib yam ntawm "pebble" kev ntxhib los mos.

Venetian plaster, qhov chaw ua piv txwv shagreen, cov khoom siv tiav (granite, marble) yog nrov heev.

Cov xim plaster tuaj yeem tau txais 2 txoj hauv kev: vim muaj cov xim nyob hauv cov tshuaj thiab los ntawm kev pleev xim rau cov plastered. Hauv thawj kis, cov nplaim muaj qhov zoo nkauj, muaj ntau yam thiab muaj xim zoo nkauj, tshwj xeeb yog siv tau ntev.

Cov xim ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem yog lub Hoobkas (uas yog, cov xim ntawm qee cov xim tau yuav) lossis nws tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog cov xim xim (xim ntawm cov xim tsim nyog tau ntxiv rau cov xim dawb hauv qhov xav tau).

Subtleties ntawm daim ntawv thov

Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg sib txawv rau txhua hom.

Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj cov cai thoob ntiaj teb:

• Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev npaj ua haujlwm tau ua tiav - cov av tau raug ntxuav thiab ua kom zoo, yog tias tsim nyog, siv cov txheej txheem ua ntej. Txoj haujlwm tom kawg yog txhawm rau txhim kho qhov ua haujlwm ntawm cov hauv paus thiab cov plaster. Beacons tau siv rau qib saum npoo.
• Thaum siv qee qhov sib xyaw, piv txwv li, cov ntawv nplaum nrog cov "bark beetle" cov nyhuv, ua ntej thaiv cov phab ntsa.
• Txij li cov plaster swb qis, nws yuav tsum tau thov los ntawm hauv qab.
• Cov theem kawg yog kev tsim cov kev ntxhib los mos, tsim cov protrusions, thiab lwm yam.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los siv cov plaster tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm, thiab thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa thiab ua kom tawv tawv, tiv thaiv qhov chaw los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud (ua ntej tshaj plaws, nag lossis daus, siab lossis qis dua).

Rwb thaiv tsev

Thaum plastering, lub mesh rau kev txhawb nqa yog ua ntej glued mus rau tom kawg ntawm sab saum toj ntawm cov khoom kub-insulating. Nws yuav tsum tau rov sau dua yam tsis ua tiav. Qhov no tsuas tuaj yeem ua tiav yog tias cov kua nplaum ua kom qhuav tag.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog siv qib sib xyaw ua ke ., uas yuav dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau txheej tom ntej. Tom qab nws qhuav, so txheej. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib plastering, thov primer yog tias tsim nyog.

Ntawm kev ua cib

Thaum thov plaster rau kev ua cib, tom kawg yog raug rau priming thiab teeb tsa beacons. Tom qab ntawd, plaster tau txau rau saum npoo av ua ntej, uas yog tom qab ntawd muab qib nrog spatula los ntawm qab mus rau saum.

Muaj plastered thaj tsam volumetric, cov txheej txheej tau ua tiav nrog txoj cai, thiab tom qab ntawd cov zawj tau khawb. Lawv yuav pab txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ua raws txheej txheej ntawm plaster. Raws li thawj txheej qhuav, txoj kev ua tiav tiav.

Cov txheej txheem plastering yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb hom khoom siv li cas. Yog li, piv txwv li, kev sib xyaw cov ntxhia tuaj yeem siv tau ob qho tib si manually thiab txiav.

Qhov sib xyaw silicate tau txau rau saum npoo . Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv rau cov tsev uas tau tsim ua tsis ntev los no, vim tias cov nplaim yuav tawg thaum cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv cov ntsws. Daim ntawv thov tuab - tsis ntau tshaj 20 hli. Grouting yog nqa tawm 48 teev tom qab thov nrog ntab.

Lub peculiarity ntawm acrylic plaster yog qib siab ntawm adhesion, yog li nws yuav tsum tau thov sai. Qhov no feem ntau ua tiav nrog spatula, qee zaum siv lub raj mis tsuag. Nco ntsoov tias thaum qhuav, cov xim ntawm lub ntsej muag tsaus dua li qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov kua sib tov.

Thaum sau, nws raug nquahu kom ua haujlwm tsis yog square metres, tab sis los ntawm thaj chaw. Yog tias muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov nqaws thiab cov ces kaum xav tau, daim kab xev ua ntej tau thov rau lawv. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj kom ua tiav qhov sib npaug thiab tsis pom ntawm kev hloov pauv.

Ntub dej

Qhov hu ua "ntub dej" txoj kev ntawm plastering tau dhau los ua dav. Tus nqi ntawm txoj hauv kev no yog kom tau txais kev pom zoo microclimate hauv lub tsev, vim tias cov dej lwg taw tes tau muab tshem tawm sab nraum tus qauv. Txoj hauv kev no suav nrog txuas cov rwb thaiv tsev, ntxaij rau kev txhawb thiab plaster rau phab ntsa sab nrauv siv cov kua thiab ib nrab kua nplaum.

Xws li lub ntsej muag yog ntau txheej "qhaub cij ", cov khoom uas yog cua sov-insulating, puag thiab txheej txheej zoo nkauj. Rwb thaiv tsev (raws li txoj cai, nws yog cov ntxhia ntxhuav version, nthuav polystyrene lossis OSB cov laug cam), txuas nrog lub hauv paus nrog cov cement sib txuas.

Ntxiv mus, txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov rwb thaiv tsev, txheej txheej hauv paus tau tso tawm. Feem ntau cov no yog cov tshuaj polymerized cement tov. Kev txhawb nqa mesh qee zaum siv. Yam xav tau ntawm cov hniav plaster, uas yog siv los ntawm tus kheej lossis kho tshuab, ua raws li txheej txheej.

Yuav xaiv li cas?

Thaum xaiv cov plaster, ib tus yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub tsev thiab nws lub hom phiaj, hom kev ua haujlwm hauv paus.

Txhawm rau muab cov cua sov ntxiv rau lub tsev, ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov khoom sib xyaw uas muaj iav ua npuas ncauj, perlite, vermiculite . Hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj cov av noo siab, kev ua kom tsis muaj dej noo ntawm cov plaster yuav tsum ua kom siab tshaj plaws. Qhov thiaj li hu ua "lub caij ntuj no" lossis qhov tiv taus cua sov yog qhov zoo rau thaj tsam sab qaum teb. Rau cov uas xav kho lub ntsej muag kom tsawg li sai tau, acrylic (kev pab lub neej - txog 25 xyoos) silicone thiab silicate (ua haujlwm 15-20 xyoo) cov khoom sib xyaw yog qhov tsim nyog. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov cement yog qhov txawv los ntawm qhov ua tau ntev tshaj plaws, lawv lub neej ua haujlwm yog 10 xyoo.

Kev khaws cia ntev ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov plaster. Cov nplaim du thiab du yog qhov muaj feem ua rau tawg, thaum qhov ntxhib tsis yog tsuas yog tiv taus ntau dua, tab sis tseem zais qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov me me. Txwv tsis pub, txawm tias cov khoom kim thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yuav tsis ua tiav nws cov haujlwm. Yog li, rau cov cib, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov cement lossis silicone sib txuas, thiab rau cov qhob aerated - silicate lossis silicone. Rau thav duab, xaiv qhov sib xyaw ua kom zoo nkauj acrylic. Tsob ntoo yuav lees txais cov ntoo zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, thiab nws raug nquahu kom siv acrylic plaster rau sab saum toj ntawm cov cuab yeej txhawb ntxiv ntawm daim phiaj thaiv.

Ib qho ntxiv, thaum ua cov tsev ntoo, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntxaij nrog cov cell loj lossis cov kab ua kom shingle. Cement mortars yog thoob ntiaj teb - haum rau txhua hom phab ntsa, suav nrog hauv qab daus txias thiab ntub dej. Yog hais tias kev teeb tsa txhais tau hais tias nyob rau saum npoo ntawm rwb thaiv tsev, lub mesh txhawb nqa tau npaj ua ntej.

Txhua plasters tau muab faib ua 2 hom:

• tuab txheej - silicate thiab xis mas mortars;
• nyias txheej - cov no suav nrog acrylic thiab silicone muaj cov sib xyaw.

Kev siv hom kev daws teeb meem tom kawg cuam tshuam nrog kev npaj ua haujlwm zoo - tu, ua kom zoo.

Kev sib xyaw ua ke npaj tau yooj yim dua rau kev thauj thiab siv (tsis tas yuav suav qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab dej, txhawm rau txhuam cov tshuaj), tab sis nws raug nqi ntau dua li cov sib tov qhuav. Ib qho ntxiv, cov duab no tsis tuaj yeem ua rau txhua hom plaster.

Nco ntsoov tias cov ntaub nplaum los ntawm sab nrauv yuav tsum muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov ua tau zoo. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau lub zog sib zog thiab cov pa permeability coefficient. Thawj qhov yuav tsum tsawg dua qhov qhia tau zoo ib yam ntawm qhov ua haujlwm. Raws li rau qhov coefficient, nws siab dua, phab ntsa yuav zoo dua "ua pa".

Plastering tuaj yeem yog kev txaus siab kim, yog li nco ntsoov txiav txim siab cov khoom siv hauv ib square meter. m. Qhov no yuav pab tsis tau tsuas yog tau txais lub tswv yim ntawm tus nqi tag nrho ntawm cov sib xyaw, tab sis kuj raug suav xam qhov ntim uas xav tau.

Feem ntau, kev noj haus yog nyob ntawm yam tseem ceeb xws li hom muab tub lim thiab phau ntawv tuav pov hwm, thiab hom thiab sib npaug ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm.

Qhov nruab nrab, rau ntau hom plaster, kev noj yog raws li hauv qab no:

• acrylic-raws formulations-1.5-3 kg / m2;
• silicone sib txuas - 2, 5-3, 9 kg / m2;
• pob zeb hauv av plasters - 2.5-4 kg / m2.

Thaum xam qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm, ntxiv lwm 5% rau nws. Cov no yog cov haujlwm poob haujlwm. Thaum tsis muaj qhov nce ntxiv, koj ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo pom koj tus kheej hauv qhov xwm txheej uas qhov sib xyaw tsis txaus thiab koj yuav tsum yuav nws ntxiv, xaiv qhov ntxoov ntxoo uas xav tau. Hauv qhov no, kev tsim kho yuav raug ncua.

Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv, tsis yog nws lub luag haujlwm nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Nws yog qhov tseeb uas cov neeg siv xav kom cov xim nyob ntev li ntev tau.

Qhov ua kom ntev ntawm cov xim txheej yog vim muaj ntau yam:

• pleev xim rau ntawm cov xim pleev xim lossis xim xim tau yaj hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg (qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog qhov zoo dua);
• ntsuas ntsuas antistatic ntawm plaster, uas qib ntawm kev sib kis ntawm qhov chaw nyob;
• tsis kam ntawm cov xim xim rau nag lossis daus thiab UV rays.

Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, raws li qhov ntsuas pom saum toj no, tau qhia los ntawm silicone plaster. Nws tsis nyiam hmoov av, tsis ploj thiab, ntxiv rau, yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov xim nplua nuj xim. Me ntsis tsis zoo rau nws yog silicate plaster, uas tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm ntau yam ntxoov. Cov kua tshuaj acrylic yog nquag ua rau ploj, ntxiv rau, nws sai dhau los ua qias neeg. Cov ntxhia thiab cov cementitious txheej, uas xav tau yuav luag txhua xyoo pleev xim, qhia qhov xim tsis zoo tshaj plaws.

Chaw tsim tshuaj paus

Ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam ntawm plaster sib tov niaj hnub no, ib tus tuaj yeem nco tau German Ceresit hom … Cov tshuaj ntxiv uas siv hauv kev sib xyaw ua kom muaj kev ywj pheej (tsis hloov pauv thaum lub tsev me me, ua kom puv thiab nkaum qhov tawg ntawm qhov chaw), vapor permeability (ua rau cov phab ntsa "ua pa") thiab ua haujlwm ntev (kev pab cuam lub neej - txog 20 xyoo).

Qhov ntau ntawm lub tuam txhab suav nrog 3 hom kev daws teeb meem rau kev siv sab nraum zoov:

• polymer sib tov raws cov cement, tus yam ntxwv muaj nqis;
• sib tov raws li cov khoom siv polymer nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo dua qub;
• polymer-cement plasters, uas, ntxiv rau cov cement thiab cov xuab zeb, muaj cov khoom sib ntxiv ntawm cov keeb kwm polymer, cov yas. Xws li kev sib xyaw yog tus nqi siab.

Kev sib xyaw raws cov polymers tuaj yeem yog acrylic (pom zoo hauv thaj chaw uas muaj dej nag thiab av noo), silicone (tseem haum rau thaj chaw uas muaj kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig cuam tshuam) thiab silicate (nrog kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob deformation thiab UV raug).

Xim xim ntawm Ceresit plasters yog ntau yam sib txawv. Thaum xaiv, nco ntsoov tias lub teeb dhau xim sai sai thiab ploj mus, thaum cov xim tsaus nti ntau nyiam lub hnub ci thiab raws li, tawg.

Knauf plaster yog tus yam ntxwv zoo thiab nthuav dav cov khoom lag luam:

• Knauf "Unterputz" muaj cov xuab zeb-cement tsim thiab siv los tshem tawm kev sib koom tes, sau pob qij txha. Nws kuj tseem siv rau ntawm qhov chaw raug rau cov av noo siab.
• Knauf "Grunband" yog ntau yam plaster nrog cov khoom cua sov.
• Knauf "Diamant" yog cov pob zeb hauv av thiab suav tias yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws pleev xim txheej. Ua ke nrog kev zoo nkauj tsis txaus siab thiab tsis kam rau ib puag ncig cuam tshuam, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv.

• Knauf "Sockelputz" tau qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim rau daim ntawv thov nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub tsev plinth thiab muaj qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev nce lub zog.
• Knauf thoob ntiaj teb teb tag nws lub npe thiab tsim nyog rau kev pleev xim rau ntau qhov chaw, ua lub hauv paus txheej.
• Knauf "Pib 339" yog hom primer. Hom plaster no tau siv rau ntawm cov chaw uas tsis nqus dej thiab ua haujlwm rau kev npaj rau hom sib tov tom ntej.

• Knauf MP 75 yog tsim los rau daim ntawv thov tshuab, zoo tshaj plaws rau plastering qhov chaw loj.
• Knauf "Adgesiv" yog cov plaster tsim los rau txau cov txheej txheej hauv txheej txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho lawv cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm thiab ua tiav hygroscopicity.
• Knauf "Sevener" yog lwm qhov sib xyaw ua ke. Nws tau siv los ua cov nplaum rau txhim kho rwb thaiv tsev rau phab ntsa, sib xyaw rau kho cov plastered yav dhau los thiab tau siv rau qib theem.

Plaster "Prospectors " - cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv tsev, ua raws li daim ntawv qhia European. Cov kws tshaj lij sau tseg hygroscopicity, txhim kho tus nqi adhesion thiab kev pom kev zoo viscosity. Qhov kom zoo dua yog muaj nyob rau ntawm ob qho tib si qhuav thiab npaj txhij-sib xyaw ua ke hauv ntau yam.

Plaster sab nraum zoov muaj nyob hauv ntau qhov kev hloov pauv:

• Lub ntsej muag raws cov cement.
• Kev ua tiav, siv rau kev ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov thiab sab hauv tsev. Lub hom phiaj ntawm nws daim ntawv thov yog ua kom tiav qhov ua tiav, muab nws qhov kev xav tau zoo, lossis, sib tham, ua kom du.
• Fcrylic, tus yam ntxwv los ntawm cov coefficient siab ntawm cov yas thiab muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntxiv. Qhov tom kawg ua rau nws haum rau daim ntawv thov ntub dej, kab mob me me thiab kab mob ua rau lub ntsej muag.

Hauv qhov vis dis aus no koj yuav kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog Terracoat fa plasterade plaster.