Tsawg Siab Polyethylene: Nws Yog Dab Tsi? GOST Qib High-density Polyethylene, Kev Qhia Tshwj Xeeb HDPE

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41

Yog tias koj saib ib puag ncig, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau qhov sib txawv uas ua los ntawm polyethylene - cov no yog txhua yam hnab, thiab ntim zaj duab xis, ntim paj thiab thawv, cov khoom ua si thiab ntau txhiab lwm yam khoom yas. Tsawg-ntom polyethylene tau siv dav hauv tsev neeg thiab kev lag luam. Peb yuav tham txog nws cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm hauv peb kab lus.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Cov tsiaj ntawv luv HDPE (HDPE) txhais tau hais tias qis polyethylene siab. Cov khoom yog yas ntom ntom ntom ntom … Nws tau txais thaum lub sij hawm polymerization ntawm ethylene hauv kev txo qis . Cov polymer nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no yog tawv thiab tawv, zoo pob tshab. Molecular cells ntawm cov khoom siv no muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb nrog qib nce ntawm cov nyiaj sib cuam tshuam hauv nruab nrab. Qhov no ua rau HDPE ntom ntau dua li lwm hom polyethylene, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li hu ua "high density polyethylene" (HDPE, thiab ua lus Askiv version - HDPE).

HDPE kev tsim thev naus laus zis cuam tshuam nrog polymerization ntawm ethylene nyob rau hauv siab ntawm 0.2-0.5 MPa ntawm qhov kub ntawm 80 degrees . Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov kuab tshuaj organic nrog rau ntxiv ntawm organometallic catalysts. Qhov ntom ntawm cov polyethylene ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob yog 959-960 kg / m3, lub cev hnyav hnyav sib xws rau 80-800 txhiab, thiab qib ntawm crystallinity sib txawv hauv 75-90.

Feem ntau HDPE yog siv los ua raw khoom rau kev tsim khoom ntxiv hauv tsev thiab cov khoom lag luam.

Lub thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm qis-siab polyethylene thiab siab-siab analogs yog qhov sib txawv hauv cov txheej txheem polymerization . Cov qib sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab cua sov sib txawv muab cov polymer hauv paus sib txawv lub cev yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev siv cov khoom siv.

Koj tuaj yeem qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab no zoo thiab pom kev . Yog li LDPE du rau qhov kov, me ntsis zoo li siv quav ciab.

Nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm cov yas zoo, cov yeeb yaj kiab no tuaj yeem muab cov tuab tuab - hauv qhov no, nws tau siv los tsim cov khoom lag luam ncaj ncees, suav nrog cov tais diav.

HDPE tuaj yeem ua qhov txawv los ntawm nws lub peev xwm los ua xeb, xws li zaj duab xis zoo li ntawv thiab cov pob txha, thaum nthuav tawm tshwj xeeb lub zog thiab lub zog tensile. Nws tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej uas lub hnab ntim khoom tau ua los ntawm cov khoom no tau ntev dhau los ua cov khoom yuav tsum muaj hauv khw . Lawv cov tes tuav tsis ncab mus txog thaum lub zog kawg tau mus txog, thiab qhov kev txwv no yog qhov siab heev, tab sis thaum hla dhau qib tseem ceeb, pob yuav tawg.

Lub siab lub dag lub zog yam ntxwv ntawm tsawg-density polyethylene yog lug siv nyob rau hauv ntau lwm qhov chaw ntawm ntau lawm, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub chaw ua khoom ntawm ntim cov ntaub ntawv.

Lawv xav tau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom vov tsev, sib dhos ntawm lub tsev cog khoom thiab lub nkoj.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb

Cov txheej txheem hauv qab no thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm polyethylene qis-siab tuaj yeem ua qhov txawv:

• meej hydro thiab vapor nruj;
• nqus dej tsawg;
• zoo yas, extensibility;
• txo qhov ntsuas qhov ceev (0, 93-0, 96 g / cm3);
• melting ntawm cov khoom pib thaum rhuab ntawm 110-130 degrees, uas yog vim li cas cov thawv ua los ntawm cov polymer no tuaj yeem tiv taus kom tsis muaj menyuam kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab cua sov hauv lub qhov cub microwave;
• inertness tshuaj - tsis kam rau kev daws teeb meem thiab roj;
• lub zog ntawm intermolecular bonds muab cov khoom tshwj xeeb hnav thiab tsim kua muag tsis kam;
• siab weldability thaum ua tshuaj lom neeg, roj thiab vuam kub;
• pob tshab;
• qhov pom kev - txawm tias lub thoob loj tshaj plaws thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam yog qhov sib zog ntau dua li cov sib piv ua los ntawm lwm cov polymers;
• yaj hauv qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab thaum ua kom sov txog qib 120 degrees thiab ntau dua.

Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem sau tseg tias cov granules ntawm cov polymer no tuaj yeem ua tiav tau yooj yim los ntawm txhua txoj hauv kev uas siv rau yas.

Koj yuav tsum paub tias HDPE (Lub zog muaj zog Polyethylene) raug suav tias yog cov tawv tawv tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lwm hom yas uas ua los ntawm ethylene. Thiab raws li koj paub, hauv ib qho ntawm cov yas, qhov nce ntawm qhov ntom ua rau nce qhov ntsuas ntawm cov tshuaj tsis haum thiab hnav tsis kam. Yog li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yas qis thiab lwm yam khoom siv raw khoom polymer - LDPE thiab LDL. Piv rau LDPE, cov polymer ntawm cov khoom lag luam no muaj:

• ntau dua rigidity, tab sis tsawg dua pob tshab;
• muaj zog thiab muaj zog ntau dua, tab sis tib lub sijhawm tsis kam ua kom deformation nyob rau hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub tsawg;
• siab kub yaj, uas tso cai rau ua kom tsis muaj menyuam;
• tsawg vapor permeability thiab hydroabsorption;
• siab ua haujlwm rau kev daws teeb meem.

Tswv yim: thaum tsoo ib qho tawv tawv, cov khoom los ntawm PVP tso tawm lub suab nrov dua.

Yog li, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim sib txawv ntawm lawv los ntawm cov khoom ua los ntawm cov yas ntawm lwm pawg. Cov cuab yeej no feem ntau siv los ntsuas cov khoom.

Ntau yam

High density polyethylene sheets tau tsim nyob rau hauv pawg sib txawv nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom siv. Hauv cov khoom siv raw, muaj nyob ntawm txhua yam kev tsis huv raug tso cai, uas tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si nag lossis daus ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw, thiab cov neeg koom nrog tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua tiav.

Kev ncua

Xws li polyethylene yuav suav nrog tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov. Thaum lub polymerization ntawm ethylene, lawv pab txhawb kev tsim cov txheej txheem tshem tawm los ntawm cov granulate. Feem ntau qhov no suav nrog cawv, oxides ntawm lub teeb pom kev, cov kua qaub me ntsis, nrog rau qee hom av nplaum.

Cov yas tso tawm yog ntau homogeneous thiab zoo dua; nws tsis txawv txav rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qauv thiab muaj cov cheeb tsam tsis muaj zog.

Tshuaj

Feem ntau, muaj cov seem ntawm cov catalysts uas koom nrog hauv polymerization nyob rau hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub siab.

Cov theem roj

Cov qauv ntawm cov polyethylene no tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom tawg ntawm ether Cheebtsam, nrog rau cov pa roj. Thiab ntawm txhua qhov ntau yam tau teev tseg, nws muaj cov qauv uas tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws, vim tias nws muaj qhov sib txawv sib txawv thiab muaj thaj chaw hnav tsawg dua.

Cov ntawv thov

Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom siv tsis xws luag, suav nrog cov catalysts, txiav txim siab siv thoob plaws HDPE rau lub hom phiaj kev lag luam, qhov twg lub zog thiab lub zog raug suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li kev muaj tshuaj lom thiab kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig. Tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov khoom tiav tau siv los ua kom tau raws li tsev neeg xav tau.

Kev siv cov khoom siv ncaj qha nyob ntawm txoj hauv kev ua cov polyethylene. Raws li GOST, cov cheeb tsam hauv qab no yog qhov txawv - extrusion, txhaj tshuaj molding, ntxiv rau tshuab moulding thiab tig molding.

Txhua ntawm lawv ntawm qhov tso tawm muab cov khoom lag luam uas txawv hauv qhov tsos thiab kev ua haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm.

Extrusion

Txoj hauv kev no cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov polyethylene los ntawm cov khoom siv raw polymer los ntawm kev yuam cov khoom tiav los ntawm kev ua lub khob hliav qab - lub qhov ntawm cov extruder. Txoj hauv kev tso cai tsim cov hnab ntim khoom, cov khoom siv thauj khoom thiab cua npuas rau cov khoom ntim, nrog rau cov xov hluav taws xob thiab cov nets ntawm ntau hom (tsev neeg, kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev tsim kho). Muaj qhov xav tau dav rau cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov kav dej phwj tuaj, cov dej ntws thiab cov kav dej ntawm cov kab sib txawv. HDPE khaws nws cov yam ntxwv thaum raug kub ntawm -60 txog +100 degrees.

Yas tsis dhau oxidation hauv av, thiab tsis deform thaum dej khov.

Txhaj tshuaj molding

Txoj hauv kev ua cov ntaub ntawv raw raw polymer cuam tshuam nrog kev txhaj tshuaj yaj hauv qab siab rau hauv pwm nrog nws qhov txias tom ntej. Ua li no, cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj, nrog rau cov rooj tog zaum, cov yas npog, cov thawv tare thiab qee yam ntawm cov kav dej.

Tshuab tawm

Thaum lub sijhawm ua, cov yas ua kom sov raug txhaj rau hauv qhov siab rau hauv kab noj hniav tshwj xeeb zoo li cov khoom yuav tsum tau tsim. Cov thev naus laus zis ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais cov tso tsheb hlau luam, tub, dab dej, cov thoob dej thiab txhua yam fwj tshuaj pleev ib ce.

Teb moulding

Txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tsim cov khoom polymer hauv peb lub tebchaws tau tshwm sim tsis ntev los no. Nws tso cai rau koj ua ntau yam khoom raws li cov neeg siv khoom kos duab. Rotoforming yog siv los tsim cov menyuam yaus chaw ua si, lub tub rau khoom qhuav qhuav, cov thoob khib nyiab, cov tsheb sib tsoo thiab ntau lwm yam khoom . Qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev siv HDPE yog suav tias yog ib qho kev cia siab tshaj plaws.

Los ntawm lub zog muaj zog polyethylene, koj tuaj yeem tau txais zaj duab xis uas tuab tshaj plaws, tuab uas piv rau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab tsis pub tshaj 7 microns . Nws tuaj yeem yog lwm txoj hauv kev zoo rau cov ntawv tiv taus cua sov, piv txwv li, parchment - tsis zoo li qhov tom kawg, HDPE muaj cov dej tsis kam zoo, tshwj xeeb tsw thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv ua pa.

Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas cov khoom hnav los ntawm PVP tsis decompose nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm yam ntuj tsim yam . Tias yog vim li cas qhov teeb meem ntawm lawv rov ua dua tshiab yog qhov cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb - xws li kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig kev lag luam thiab nyab xeeb rau ib puag ncig. Kev ua ntawm polyethylene nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm qhov chaw cog lus tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam. Cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab tau dav xav tau hauv kev tsim cov ntim yas, tais thiab lwm yam khoom uas tsis xav tau cov khoom lag luam zoo.