Kev Kub Siab Polyethylene: Nws Yog Dab Tsi? Polyethylene Ntom Ntom Tsawg, GOST LDPE Thiab Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Ua Haujlwm, Kev Siv LDPE Rau Kev Tsim Cov Kav Dej

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-09 13:24

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau txhua tus neeg niaj hnub no kom paub tias nws yog dab tsi-kev kub siab polyethylene, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kub siab polyethylene thiab thaj chaw ntawm nws siv li cas. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau kawm paub txog GOST LDPE thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov ntom ntom ntom polyethylene.

Ib lub ntsiab lus cais yog kev siv LDPE rau kev tsim cov kav dej sib txawv.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Kev kub siab polyethylene, raws li lub npe qhia, tau los ntawm polymerization nyob rau hauv nce compression . Hauv qhov no, cov kws tshaj lij tham txog radical polymerization. Thaum muab piv rau cov khoom siv qis, lub ntsiab lus txias txias thiab qhov ntom ntom tau ua tiav. Radical polymerization, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb, ua rau pom qhov loj ntawm cov ceg ntoo hauv cov saw. Nov yog yam uas cuam tshuam nrog:

• qis tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus (los ntawm 910 txog 930 kg rau 1 m3);
• crystallization ntawm qib ntawm 50 txog 65%;
• kuj muaj qhov hnyav me me (txog 500,000 piv rau 800,000 rau HDPE).

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom:

• iav hloov pauv taw tes - 25 degrees;
• melting point 103 txog 115 degrees;
• ncav cuag brittleness ntawm qhov kub ntawm 45 txog 120 degrees;
• muag muag ntawm Vicat nplai ntawm 80-90 degrees;
• muaj peev xwm siv sijhawm ntev ntawm 50 degrees;
• txias tsis kam - txog 70 degrees;
• tensile fluidity tsis ntau tshaj 6, 8-13, 7 MPa.

Ua kom pom cov yam ntxwv ntawm LDPE, nws kuj tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias nws tau tawg nyob rau hauv lub zog tensile los ntawm 7 txog 16 MPa .… Yog tias siv lub zog khoov, qhov tseem ceeb yuav yog 12 txog 20 MPa. Thiab thaum lub sijhawm sib zog, cov khoom tawg thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab los ntawm 12 MPa tshwm. Lub zog tensile modulus yog 147-245 MPa, thiab qhov kev hloov pauv yog los ntawm 118 txog 225 MPa. Lwm yam tsis yog raws li hauv qab no:

• elongation ntawm so - ntawm 150 txog 1000%;
• Brinel hardness - los ntawm 14 txog 25 MPa;
• kev sib txhuam coefficient hauv kev sib cuag nrog hlau - 0.58.

Tus qauv nruj me ntsis:

• tiv taus tam sim no hauv ntim thiab saum npoo (hauv cov lus tshwj xeeb);
• nqus dej noo hauv 1 hnub;
• muaj peev xwm thermal;
• thermal diffusivity ntsuas;
• siv zog nthuav tawm nthuav tawm.

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm LDPE thiab cov qauv uas tsim tawm ntawm qhov qis qis yog:

• degree ntawm smoothness;
• cov khoom yas;
• tso cai tuab;
• txaus nyiam ntawm qhov tsos;
• peev xwm muaj peev xwm.

Yuav tsum muaj

Cov kev cai yooj yim hais txog cov khoom yuav tsum tau muab sib dhos tau hais meej hauv GOST 16337-77. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias cov tshuaj ntxiv hauv cov khoom qub yuav tsum tsis txhob siv . Kev xaiv hom no rau ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm txuas ntxiv 1 thiab 2 rau tib tus qauv. Ob qib qib hauv paus thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke raws nws tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm peb qib sib txawv (suav nrog qib siab tshaj). Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom sib sau ua ke txhua pawg ntawm cov qauv sib npaug sib npaug nrog qhov loj me nrog txhua txoj kab los ntawm 2 txog 5 hli.

Kev faib cov granules nrog qhov loj ntawm 5.1-8 mm yuav tsum suav txog qhov siab tshaj ntawm 0.25%. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom 1-2 hli loj yog ib txwm 0.5%. Rau PET tsim rau cov yeeb yaj kiab tshwj xeeb, qhov ntsuas no yuav tsum yog qhov siab tshaj ntawm 0.25%. Qib 2 cov khoom yuav muaj cov xim daj thiab xim dawb (siab tshaj 0.1%). Ob qho xim thiab cov khoom tsis muaj xim tsis tuaj yeem muaj cov granules ntawm lwm yam xim; qhov kev zam tsuas yog ua rau qib 2, tab sis tsis pub ntau tshaj 0.04%.

Qhov ntxoov ntxoo yuav tsum phim cov qauv pom zoo tso cai. Nws yog txwv tsis pub muaj:

• hlau suav nrog;
• gel tsub kom;
• thaj chaw uas tsis yaj;
• loj villi.

Rau cov khoom noj thiab ntawv kho mob, tsuas yog siv cov tshuaj polyethylene ntawm qib ib thiab qib siab tshaj plaws, kuaj xyuas kom ua raws li qhov xav tau ntxiv ntawm kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv. GOST tseem tsim cov kev cai rau kev lees paub ntawm kev kub siab polyethylene. Nws yuav tsum tsuas yog lees txais hauv ntau yam tsawg kawg 1000 kg. Hauv cov ntawv zoo nrog, ntxiv rau tus lej lej, koj yuav tsum qhia:

• lub npe raug cai ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam;
• nws trademark;
• qeb khoom;
• hnub tsim tawm;
• nqa qhov hnyav;
• cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim ua lossis daim ntawv pov thawj raug cai;
• ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntxiv (yog tias cov khoom yog npaj rau dej, rau kev kho mob lossis khoom noj khoom haus, rau tsim cov menyuam cov khoom ua si).

Txhua qhov ntsuas ntsuas tus qauv yuav raug txheeb xyuas, suav nrog:

• loj feem ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov feem feem;
• loj feem ntawm cov xim grey thiab oxidized tawg;
• khoom ntom ntom;
• nominal fluidity theem;
• kis ntawm cov dej ntws tawm hauv ib pawg;
• tus naj npawb ntawm kev suav nrog;
• tsis kam mus rau tawg;
• txheeb ze txuas ntxiv;
• kev nkag los ntawm cov khoom sib cais;
• raug rau thermal-oxidative thiab lub teeb-oxidative obsolescence;
• concentration ntawm cov khoom tsis haum.

TU 2211-145-05766801-2008, tsim tawm ntawm OAO Nizhnekamskneftekhim, yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog tus qauv piv txwv zoo .… Ntxiv nrog rau qhov xav tau kev ua haujlwm, daim ntawv tseem ua qauv txheej txheem ntim khoom ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj. Cov qauv rau cov txheej txheem sim tau los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding. Cov dej ntws tau tsim los siv cov plastometer extrusion raws li ASTM D 1238 txoj kev.

Kev cia HDPE tuaj yeem ua tau tsuas yog hauv chav qhuav. Ncaj ncaj lub hnub yuav tsum tsis txhob poob rau ntawd. Ntim lossis khaws cia sab nraum lub ntim, cov khoom yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov siab yam tsawg kawg ntawm 0.05 m siab dua hauv pem teb.

Qhov nrug mus rau txhua yam khoom siv cua sov thiab / lossis lwm yam khoom siv cua sov yuav tsum yog yam tsawg 1 m. Qhov zoo tau lees paub tsuas yog tias yuav tsum tau thauj mus los thiab khaws cia.

Saib

Nws yog ib txwm coj los xaiv LDPE cov npe hauv qhov kev txiav txim meej .… Thawj tus lej hauv qhov ntsuas tau qhia tias qhov no yog cov khoom siv siab. Ob tus lej tom ntej tsim cov kab ke ntawm tus cim qub. Tom qab ntawd, tau sau ib pawg normative ntawm qhov nqus tshwj xeeb. Tus nqi ntawm 3 hais txog cov khoom siv nrog lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm 917-921 kg ib m3.

Tus nqi ntawm 4 hais tias qhov ntom ntom yuav txawv ntawm 922 txog 926 kg ib m3. Thaum kawg, tom qab qhov cim tseg, sau qhov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom ntws ntawm cov yaj, nce 10 zaug. Yog tias muaj pes tsawg leeg tau tsim los ntawm cov nyiaj muas noj thawj zaug, tom qab ntawv nws tau hais qhia hauv qab no:

• lub npe ntawm cov thermoplastic;
• 3 tus lej los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug cai ntawm lub hauv paus hom (tsis tas yuav txiav txim siab);
• khiav ceev;
• tshuaj ntxiv tus lej;
• comma;
• xim;
• kev tsim cov xim sib xyaw;
• qib ntawm polyethylene;
• tus qauv

LDPE hom xws li:

• 10204-003;
• 10803-020;
• 16204-020;
• 11503-070;
• 17703-010.

Ntxiv mus, muaj:

• ua npuas ncauj;
• xaws;
• polyethylene muaj copolymers lossis lwm cov polymers.

Cov ntawv thov

Qhov tsim tawm ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm HDPE tau pib nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev thaiv cov xov tooj cua hauv xov tooj cua. Hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, cov khoom no tau pib siv los ua khoom ntim. Niaj hnub no nws tau siv rau cov kav dej thiab lwm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj. Nws kuj tseem siv LDPE hauv cov fwj, cov kaus poom thiab qee yam khoom cua tshuab.

Cov ntaub xaws dhau los ua cov rwb thaiv hluav taws xob zoo heev, uas muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev tsim kho, hauv kev tsim cov ntim thiab hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev.

Hom ua npuas dej ntawm polyethylene yog siv hauv tsheb thiab kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Ib hom xov tooj ntawm cov khoom lag luam teeb tau tsim los ntawm nws. Hauv tsev neeg, cov ntaub ntawv no tau paub, ua ntej tshaj plaws, rau ntau lub hnab thiab hnab. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv nws yog:

• ntau yam qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv kho mob;
• khoom siv tu mob;
• cov cuab yeej siv kuaj sim;
• ntau yam prostheses sab nraud;
• tais diav rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb;
• ntim rau tshuaj;
• lwm yam khoom pov tseg rau ntau lub hom phiaj;
• npog;
• tsheb sib tsoo;
• tsev txhab nyiaj;
• fiber ntau optic cable sheaths;
• kev siv cov txheej txheem (thaum muaj cov txheej txheej txhawb ntxiv thiab cov ntsiab lus).