Masonry Sib Xyaw Rau Cov Cib: Siv Cov Khoom Dawb Qhuav Rau 1 M2, Xav Tau Ntau Npaum Li Cas Cov Xim Sib Xyaw Ua Tiav Xav Tau Rau 1 M3 Ntawm Kev Ua Cib

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-09 13:23

Thaum ua tiav kev tsim kho, koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj masonry sib xyaw. Qhov no yog hom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv uas tau siv rau phab ntsa cladding thiab cib ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua hom kev sib xyaw tuaj yeem hu ua haum rau kev ua haujlwm. Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, tau kawm lawv hom thiab thaj tsam.

Sib xyaw

Cov khoom siv no tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li cov hmoov qhuav, uas tau npaj tam sim ua ntej masonry lossis phab ntsa cladding. Lub hauv paus muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj cov ntaub ntawv, muab tub lim thiab dej.

Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov masonry sib xyaw suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• av nplaum lossis xis mas (phau ntawv);
• xuab zeb lossis nthuav av nplaum (lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib xyaw);
• dej huv (hnyav);
• ntxhia dej suav nrog;
• zas xim (siv kom phim cov xim nrog cov khoom raug tso).

Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm yog kev tswj hwm kev ua kom huv, zoo, lub cev thiab tshuaj muaj zog, cov qoob loj thiab qhov loj ntawm cov khoom tawg. Rau kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw, ntxuav cov dej xuab zeb lossis cov pob zeb tawg tau siv. Ib qho ntxiv, cov khoom tuaj yeem yog Portland MAAs, tiv taus cua sov thiab tiv taus ya raws.

Vim yog cov tshuaj ntxiv, cov sib xyaw ua ke tau txawv los ntawm cov qib siab ntawm cov nplaum thiab yas, nrog rau lub zog sib zog.

Peculiarities

Txhawm rau kom nyiam cov neeg yuav khoom, cov khoom lag luam niaj hnub tab tom txhim kho cov qauv ib txwm muaj. Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam koj tuaj yeem yuav ntau yam zoo nrog rau daim ntawv qhia raug. Vim qhov no, nws muaj peev xwm nce qhov ua tau zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tiav, ua kom yooj yim ua haujlwm ntawm tus tswv. Kev suav nrog ntxiv nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm kev daws teeb meem.

Kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw tso cai rau koj ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ruaj khov . Raws li txoj cai, kev sib xyaw ua ke tau zoo los ntawm kev ywj pheej, lawv pab txhawb lub zog siab tshaj plaws thiab ua kom lub zog ua haujlwm ntev dua. Cov ntaub ntawv tsim tsev no yog npaj rau kev tsim cov tsev nyob thiab tsis nyob hauv tsev, nrog rau kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Lawv qhov tshwj xeeb yog qhov siv tsawg. Txij li nws tau ua hauv ntu, yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv tsev yuav raug siv. Yog tias muaj qhov tsis txaus, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov uas ploj lawm ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo ib yam.

Rau kev ua cib, ib qho yooj yim muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog cov cement thiab cov xuab zeb yog siv.

Kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua tiav tau yooj yim vim tias koj tsis tas yuav xaiv tus kheej uas tsim nyog los txhawm rau ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig zoo. Qee zaum txiv qaub yog ib qho ntxiv rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws tso cai rau koj txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm kev daws teeb meem tiav thiab ua rau nws ua tau zoo dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws txo qhov tsis kam ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg kom ya raws.

Saib

Niaj hnub no, cov khoom sib xyaw ua masonry tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw qhuav thiab cov hom phiaj nqaim. Cov ntau yam uas twb muaj lawm nthuav tawm rau muag tuaj yeem faib ua 4 pawg:

• calcareous;
• xis mas;
• cement-av nplaum;
• cement-txiv qaub.

Txhua hom muaj nws tus kheej qhov sib txawv, uas tau hais tawm hauv cov khoom thiab lub zog. Piv txwv li, kev sib xyaw ntawm calcareous yog tus yam ntxwv ntau dua thiab raug nplua. Thaum qhuav, qhov yuav tsum tau kho yog du dua hauv kev sib piv nrog kev daws nrog suav nrog cov xuab zeb. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov masonry, ua ke ntau yam nrog Portland MAAs yog qhov tsim nyog, uas suav nrog kev hloov kho txhawm rau txhim kho cov yas thiab cov cua sov ua kom sov.

Cov xim ntawm cov sib tov sib txawv . Qhov no tso cai rau koj ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm masonry cug tsis tsuas yog ua haujlwm hnyav. Yog tias koj siv cov khoom siv nrog cov qauv sib xws thiab xim, koj tuaj yeem coj cov tswv yim tsim sib txawv rau lub neej. Qhov ntxiv ntawm cov zas xim ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muab qhov kho kom zoo nkauj kom zoo nkauj.

Lub hauv paus xim ntawm cov xim sib xyaw xim yog dawb. Ntxiv rau nws, koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom siv xim grey thiab cov xim sib xyaw ua tiav ntawm kev muag. Cov palette feem ntau muaj tsawg kawg 14 qhov sib txawv, thaum cov khoom siv raw tau muab faib ua ntau lub caij ntuj no thiab lub caij ntuj sov.

Cov kev xaiv caij ntuj sov kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau hauv tshav kub, lub cim qis ntawm lub tsev tsim qauv tso cai rau lawv siv tau ntawm qhov kub ntawm 0 - 5 degrees qis dua xoom.

Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov

Muaj ntau ntau cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thaum siv uas koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj cov cib cib sib xyaw. Kev sib xyaw ua ke yog kev tsim kho tshwj xeeb thiab tshwj xeeb. Thawj yog npaj rau kev tsim kho phab ntsa. Cov tom kawg yog tsim los rau kev tsim cov ncu, kav dej, thiab pas dej da.

Conventionally, qhov kev thov tuaj yeem txhais raws li hauv qab no:

• Kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov ua tau zoo, ua tau ntev, nruj yog siv hauv kev tsim kho ntiag tug thiab kev tsim vaj tsev ntau lub tsev.
• Cement-av nplaum analogs nrog ua tib zoo zom cov av nplaum nkag rau hauv cov khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam hauv kev tsim kho ntiag tug.
• Cement-lime versions ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev nrog lawv tus yam ntxwv txhim kho cov nplaum thiab cov yas tsis pom tau pom daim ntawv thov hauv kev tso cov vuas luaj ceramic thiab silicate.
• Ntau yam raws cov txiv qaub nrog lawv qhov tsis yooj yim thiab tsis muaj cua sov ua kom sov tau siv hauv kev teeb tsa cov tsev me me thiab kev tsim cov qauv yooj yim.

Feem ntau, kev tso yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub ntawm +10 + 25 degrees. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tsis muaj daus thaum lub caij polymerization (ziab). Qhov no feem ntau siv sijhawm tsis pub dhau ob hnub. Txoj cai ntsuas kub no tso cai rau siv cov khoom siv ua masonry rau lub ntsej muag. Piv txwv li, nws tau siv thaum tso cov hniav ntsej muag cib.

Qhov sib xyaw no tseem tsim nyog rau clinker . Clinker cib yog qhov hnyav. Nws zaum zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov masonry muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov no yog ib yam ntawm ib nrab-cib: sab nrauv nws muaj kev nyem, thaum tsis ua rau lub ntsej muag hnyav dua. Nws kuj tseem siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj phab ntsa sab hauv, uas yog qhov tsim nyog tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim qauv tsim.

Qee zaum kev sib xyaw masonry yog siv rau kev sib koom ua ke. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb thaum tiling sab hauv nrog cov vuas. Qhov tseeb, qhov xwm txheej no, kev sib xyaw ua ke tau siv tsis siv cov grout. Hauv qhov no, lawv sim xaiv cov khoom kom haum rau lub ntsiab cladding. Qhov no yuav muab qhov ua tiav saum npoo zoo li monolithic, nws yuav saib zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj.

Nco tseg qhov tseem ceeb ntawm koj tus kheej: tsis yog txhua hom khoom siv yog thoob ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, kev sib xyaw rau kev tsim cov cua sov thiab chimney sib txawv ntawm cov rau clinker. Yog tias peb faib cov cib rau hauv peb hom (clinker, txawv teb chaws thiab hauv tsev), txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov no yog vim, ntawm lwm yam, mus rau keeb kwm huab cua ntawm peb lub teb chaws, nrog rau cov dej nqus ntawm cov cib thiab nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Ntawm lwm qhov kev sib sau ua ke, muaj kev xaiv rau kev sib dhos thiab cov masonry sib xyaw rau kev ua vaj tse hauv tsev thiab ntaiv. Lawv hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua tiav ntawm qhov npaj tau npaj rau ntau dua ntawm cov cib ua rau lub hauv paus. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas nws tsis raug rau deformation. Cov kab ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no suav nrog kev sib xyaw rau kev tsim cov qhov cub thiab qhov cub.

Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov sib xyaw ua ke yog lawv cov ntsiab lus rog tsawg . Yog tias cov masonry loj tau hloov nrog cov rog sib xyaw, dhau sijhawm nws yuav pib tawg lossis tawg tawm. Thaum rhaub, cov sib txuas no nthuav dav. Ib qho ntxiv, cov khoom sib xyaw no tau siv hauv kev kho cov phab ntsa ua vaj tsev, ua kom tag nrho cov kab nrib pleb thiab thaj chaw muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm potholes thiab chips nrog kev daws teeb meem.

Noj

Kev siv cov masonry sib tov rau 1 m2, m3 nyob ntawm seb hom cib siv, nws qhov hnyav, nrog rau hom ntawm lub hauv paus. Lub thickness ntawm txheej thov rau saum npoo kuj tseem ceeb. Feem ntau, cov chaw tsim khoom qhia cov ntaub ntawv rau txhua qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg tshwj xeeb ntawm lub ntim. Piv txwv li, txheej tuab tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 6 hli txog 4 cm rau qhov sib txawv sib txawv. Qhov nruab nrab, 1 sq. m ntawm thaj tsam kom txiav yuav siv li 20 - 45 kg ntawm cov tshuaj tiav.

Piv txwv li, tus qauv siv tus nqi sib xyaw nrog cov tuab ntawm 12 hli thiab siv ib lub cib xwb yog 30 kg. Yog tias qhov tuab tau nce los ntawm 13 mm, qhov ntim ntawm qhov sib xyaw yuav nce mus rau 78 kg. Ob lub cib nrog cov tuab tuab yuav siv 18 kg ntawm qhov hnyav. Yog tias cov tuab tuab loj heev, ntau dua 100 kg ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tuaj yeem siv tau.

Thaum siv cov cib zoo tib yam nrog qhov ntev ntawm 250x120x65 mm, 0.3 m3 ntawm cov tshuaj khib yuav ploj mus. Rau ib thiab ib nrab (380x120x65 mm), daim duab no yuav yog 0.234 m3. Rau ob npaug (510x120x65 mm), koj xav tau 0.24 m3.

Yog tias peb xav txog cov cib ua qauv, kev siv yuav yog raws li hauv qab no:

• ib nrab - 0.16 m3;
• ib leeg - 0.2 m3;
• rau ib nrab thiab ib nrab - 0,216 m3;
• rau ob npaug - 0.22 m3.

Cov Tswv Yim

Masonry sib tov yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm qee qhov nuances hauv daim ntawv thov. Txhawm rau nkag siab yuav ua haujlwm nrog lawv li cas, nws tsim nyog tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb. Xav txog cov nuances ntawm kev ua noj ua haus, cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm lub hauv paus thiab cov cai xaiv.

Yuav ua li cas ua noj?

Kev ua haujlwm tau zoo yog nyob ntawm kev ua tib zoo npaj cov masonry sib xyaw. Yuav tsum tsis muaj pob, tsis suav nrog hauv nws. Muab lub tshuab ua pa lossis daim npog ntsej muag ua ntej pib ua haujlwm. Qhov no yuav tsis suav nrog kev nkag mus ntawm cov khoom me me ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw rau hauv lub ntsws, uas sawv thaum sawv ntxov tsaug zog rau hauv lub khob.

• Txij li cov dej num tseem ceeb ntawm kev daws teeb meem me me vim muaj cov cement hauv nws, tsis txhob npaj ib pawg loj ib zaug. Nws yuav nyuaj rau do, thiab koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem tau txais homogeneous pawg yam tsis muaj kev siv zog ntau.
• Thaum pib, npaj tag nrho cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, lub thawv ntim khoom thiab sib tov sib xyaw qhuav. Yog tias koj ua txhua yam koj xav tau tom qab, koj yuav nkim sijhawm. Qhov no yuav ua rau cov tshuaj ua kom tuab.

• Siv cov dej lim hauv chav sov kom nplawm. Rusty thiab kub tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
• Muab cov dej sib tov thiab dej tso rau hauv ib lub taub ntim. Saib xyuas qhov sib piv qhia los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Qhov sib xws yuav tsum tsis txhob dhau lossis tuab.
• Do sib tov kom huv si rau ob peb feeb. Tawm rau 5 - 7 feeb (txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kheej ntawm cov ntim tshwj xeeb). Rov ua dua: qhov no yuav ua rau kev daws teeb meem ntau dua.

Yog tias koj npaj yuav hloov lub hauv paus xim ntawm cov tshuaj, ua li ntawd ua ntej sib tov . Sib tov cov xim nrog dej ua ntej. Tom qab ntawd ua ke nrog qhov sib xyaw. Yog tias koj tau npaj cov tshuaj ua haujlwm kom raug, nws qhov sib xws yuav zoo li tuab qaub cream. Txhawm rau txaus siab rau nws cov txiaj ntsig, nce me me ntawm cov trowel. Yog tias cov tshuaj sib kis tau qeeb, qhov sib xws yog qhov raug. Koj tuaj yeem mus ua haujlwm.

Nyeem txoj cai kev nyab xeeb uas tau qhia hauv cov lus qhia rau kev siv. Lawv txoj kev coj ua tsis yog tsuas yog tsim nyog, tab sis yuav tsum ua. Ib qho kev hloov pauv nrog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis hloov pauv kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb, kev faib ua feem lossis kev npaj.

Dab tsi los xav txog?

Tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov tuam ntxhab qhia txog kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw hauv ib square lossis cubic meter. Kev siv yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv tsim. Ib qho ntau dhau yuav ua rau pom qhov ua haujlwm, qhov tsis muaj peev xwm yuav ua rau lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm lub ntsej muag lossis cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus yam ntxwv zoo yuav raug txo mus rau xoom yog tias lub hauv paus tsis npaj ua ntej.

Yog tias muaj plua plav, kev tsim kho lossis lwm yam khib nyiab, cov xim qub lossis cov roj nplaum rau ntawm qhov chaw uas nws tau npaj los txhim kho (hais, lub qhov cub), lawv yuav tsum raug tshem tawm. Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tso cov cement loj rau ntawm lub hauv paus xoob uas tau tawg. Ua ntej, nws yuav tsis txhawb qhov hnyav ntawm cov cib. Qhov thib ob, qhov ua tiav yuav tsis ruaj khov. Cov pob zeb zoo li no tuaj yeem sib nrug hauv thawj xyoo tom qab ua tiav kev tsim kho.

Nco ntsoov ua tus thawj. Qhov no yuav npaj thiab qib cov txheej txheem saum npoo, khi hmoov av thiab microcracks.

Kev sib xyaw nrog lub zog nkag siab tau zoo tshwj xeeb . Rau qhov ua kom zoo tshaj plaws, kho cov substrate ob zaug. Hauv qhov no, thov nco ntsoov tias txhua txheej txheej tom ntej tuaj yeem siv rau lub hauv paus tsuas yog tom qab yav tas los tau qhuav lawm.

Yuav xaiv tus muaj pes tsawg leeg?

Tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej txoj cai kub rau xaiv qhov sib xyaw. Lawv yuav pab koj yuav cov khoom siv masonry zoo hauv tsev.

• Nrhiav lub khw uas ntseeg tau nrog lub koob npe zoo. Scroll los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas txog nws thiab cov hmoov tsim ntawm cov rooj sib tham tsim kho. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav muaj tseeb dua li tshaj tawm.
• Pib los ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Cov qauv siv sab nraum zoov thiab sab hauv tsev sib txawv hauv lawv cov khoom. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov khoom lag luam uas tiv taus qhov hloov pauv kub thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov dej noo.
• Nqa cov khoom qhuav qhuav. Kev siv ntau yam yuav tso cai, yog tias tsim nyog, siv nws rau lwm txoj haujlwm. Kev xaiv xim tsis tuaj yeem thov nyob qhov twg lwm qhov, yog tias tsim nyog.

• Them sai sai rau hnub tas sij hawm. Yog tias nws tsawg dua ib hlis ua ntej nws xaus, xaiv qhov sib xyaw sib txawv. Ua ntej, nws tsis tshua siv tam sim ntawd. Qhov thib ob, qhov sib tov yuav tsum tshiab, dhau sijhawm, nws cov yam ntxwv zoo zuj zus, nws tau nias rau hauv cov pob.
• Yog tias xim ntawm cov cib ua tiav txawv txawv, koj yuav tsum yuav cov xim muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau kev xaiv rau pob zeb thiab cov vuas hauv cov xim av-beige. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, coj mus rau hauv tus account ib qho nuance: cov xim ntawm cov hmoov av los ntawm kev sib xyaw masonry dhau los ua qhov sib dua thaum ua kom du.
• Nug tus muag khoom kom tau daim ntawv pov thawj zoo. Cov npe muaj txiaj ntsig ib txwm muab lawv cov khoom nrog cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no. Qhov no hais txog qhov ua tau zoo thiab ua raws li thev naus laus zis ntawm txhua theem ntawm kev tsim khoom.
• Xam cov khoom. Tsis txhob nqa nws rov qab, tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua cov khoom lag luam loj ib yam.