2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41
Maas yog siv dav hauv kev tsim kho thiab ua haujlwm tiav. Nrog nws txoj kev pab, cib, aerated qhob blocks txuas nrog, plaster thiab pem teb screed tau npaj. Txhua qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb yuam kom koj ua tib zoo suav cov khoom xav tau. Thaum tau yuav ob peb ntawm lawv, cov neeg tsim khoom raug yuam kom maj nrawm ntxiv cov cement thiab xuab zeb. Yog tias koj yuav cov khoom siv raw ntau dhau, koj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab nrog nws qhov poob, npaj khaws lossis nrhiav ib tus neeg muag cov nyiaj seem rau.
Peculiarities
Kev siv cov cement ib cubic meter ntawm cov khoom siv cib yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke. Txuj kev sib xyaw ua ke rau kev koom nrog cov tsev tsim khoom cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov xuab zeb thiab dej ib txhij. Nws tsis tshua muaj neeg hloov pauv qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom, feem ntau cov txiaj ntsig tau ua tiav yog nyob ntawm hom tshuaj uas tau siv.
Feem ntau kom tau 1 cubic meter. m. kev daws teeb meem siv 400 kg ntawm cov cement qhuav, rau 1 feem ntawm nws koj yuav tsum tau noj 4 ntu ntawm cov xuab zeb.
1m3 ntawm cov cib zoo tib yam tuaj yeem tso tau siv 0.25 - 0.3 cubic meters. m. ntawm qhov sib xyaw, tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv tau siv yog kwv yees li 400 daim . Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Saum toj-av masonry hauv ib puag ncig cov av noo siab, teeb tsa phab ntsa hauv qab txheej txheej hauv av yog qhov sib txawv, qhov sib piv ntawm qhov sib xyaw sib txawv me ntsis. Cov phab ntsa sab nrauv feem ntau yog ua los ntawm M10 sib xyaw, tsim los ntawm M400 cov cement.
Kev siv cov cement kuj tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov tuab ntawm cov phab ntsa uas tab tom tsim kho. Yog tias koj yuav tsum ua cov pob zeb hauv 1⁄4 ntawm cov cib, 1 m2 ntawm nws yuav xav tau siv 5 kg ntawm cov cement (thaum npaj cov tshuaj M100 hom), los npaj cov tshuaj M50 hom, ib nrab ntawm xav tau phau ntawv Hauv cov tshuaj khib no, qhov sib piv ntawm cov xuab zeb yog qhov feem ntau 4 feem rau 1 feem ntawm phau ntawv.
Qhov sib piv no yog vim qhov tseeb tias nws tso cai rau koj kom ua tiav qhov sib npaug zoo tshaj plaws ntawm:
- lub zog ntawm tus qauv;
- kev txav ntawm kev sib xyaw;
- tus nqi ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj mus rau hauv cov khoom siv tau.
Lwm hom kev sib xyaw
Thaum kneading tau ua tiav nrog kev ntxiv cov tshuaj ntxiv (av nplaum, limestone, marble, sib xyaw ua ke ntxiv), nws yuav tsum noj li 5 txog 9 ntu ntawm cov xuab zeb rau 1 feem ntawm cov cement. Kev ua vaj tse yog ua los ntawm kev siv nyiaj ntau tshaj 5 quintals ntawm phau ntawv tuav kom tau 1 cubic meter. m. ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua tiav. Cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam tau teev tseg los ntawm lub xeev tus qauv, txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm cov cai tswj hwm yog tias lawv xav tau kom ua tiav qee qib viscosity, ua kom cov kua ntau dua, ua kom nrawm lossis ncua kev ua kom khov. Thaum ua haujlwm, lawv siv cov thoob thiab cov troughs (cov no yog cov ntim uas haum tshaj plaws), lub tshuab ntxhua nrog cov taub sib xyaw, cov duav rau faib ib feem.
Kev kneading yog nqa tawm thaum pib ntawm kev qhuav qhuav . Tom qab ntawd ntxiv dej maj mam thiab maj mam. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj masonry ua rau sab nrauv zoo ib yam thoob plaws tag nrho cov tuab thiab tsis kis tau nquag. Lub zog ntawm cov pob zeb ua tau zoo thiab kev ua kom ntev ntawm cov cib ntsa yog nyob ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev npaj cov khoom sib xyaw.
Cov xuab zeb-cement mortar yog qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm lub zog siab. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj hloov me ntsis ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, cov kab nrib pleb yuav tshwm sim. Hauv qhov sib xyaw ua ke, slaked txiv qaub (txwv tsis pub hu ua mis nyuj ntawm txiv qaub) tau ntxiv rau hauv cov cement thiab xuab zeb.
Kuj tseem muaj ib hom nrog cov yas ntxiv, thaum, ntxiv rau cov cement thiab cov xuab zeb ib feem ntawm 0.2 cm, siv cov tshuaj polymers, uas ua rau cov tshuaj daws tau yooj yim dua. Tsis tas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev npaj ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem no: nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav cov khoom siv ua kom qhuav thiab ua kom dej huv nrog raws li tau qhia los ntawm cov lus qhia.
Tsis hais txog kev npaj sib xyaw zoo li cas, koj yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas tias tsis muaj ib lub pob hauv qhov qhuav.
Cov xuab zeb dhau los ntawm lub lauj kaub, cov kua qaub yuav tsum tau lim . Yog tias nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov txiv qaub, nws tau qhia tsuas yog tom qab sib tov cov hmoov tshuaj, nchuav tawm hauv qhov me me. Qhov kub ntawm cov kua yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 20 degrees, qhov sib tov yog sib tov, txwv tsis pub cov khoom sib xyaw yuav teeb sai. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke lossis cov perforator yuav pab txo lub sijhawm los npaj cov tshuaj, kom txuag hluav taws xob.
Kev tuav phau ntawv
Tus qauv siv tus nqi rau 1 m3 lossis 1000 cib tuaj yeem ua tus txheej txheem thaum yuav khoom, tab sis koj kuj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account kev tshaj lij ntawm cov kws tshaj lij thiab hom kev thaiv siv (yog tias cov khoom tsis muaj ntxhiab lossis ntxeem tau, koj yuav xav tau ntau dua) tshuaj khib). Kev nqus tsawg dua yog qhov muaj nyob hauv qhov sib xyaw rau hyper-pressed thiab ntsib cib dua li cov khoom siv yooj yim ceramic.
Kev sib tov noj rau 1 cu. m. (Raws li qhov tuab tuab ntawm cov nqaws) yog 0.23 cubic meters. m. qhov nruab nrab . Nrog rau phab ntsa tuab ntawm ib nrab ntawm cov cib, kom yooj yim kho kom zoo nkauj ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic, nws yuav tsum tau siv 0.21 m3 ntawm cov cement sib tov.
Kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua tiav rau 1 m2 ntawm cov phab ntsa cib tuaj yeem sib txawv, raws li qhov zoo ntawm cov peev txheej siv, microclimate thiab huab cua puag. Txawm nyob ntawm cov plag tsev sib txawv, tus lej no yuav me ntsis, tab sis sib txawv.
Hauv ib lub thoob tsim rau 10 litres, koj tuaj yeem tso 14 kg ntawm cov cement, rau cov xuab zeb rau tib qhov ntsuas (10 litres) nws yuav siv 2 kg tsawg dua. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab cov cement ntawm M400 hom feem ntau yog 3: 1, thiab yog tias koj siv M500 phau ntawv tuav, tom qab ntawd 4: 1. Hnub kub lub caij ntuj sov, kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum tau ua kom tuab dua, ua kom cov yas ntxiv los ntawm qhia ua ntu me me ntawm kev ntxuav cov hmoov lossis cov tshuaj ntxuav tais diav. Ib lub cubic meter ntawm cov xuab zeb uas tau npaj ua tiav, ua hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 4, xav kom siv 4.1 tus neeg nruab nrab ntawm M500 qib cov cement thiab 1.14 cubic meters. m.z piav.
Txij li thaum 1 m3 ntawm phab ntsa nrog tuab ntawm ib lub cib silicate nrog qhov ntev ntawm 25x12x6, 5 cm, 0.24 cubic meters tau siv. m, kev siv cov cement slurry ib m3 yog xam los ntawm kev muab cov kev siv tshwj xeeb los ntawm 410. Tag nrho yog 98 kg ntawm cov cement. Yog tias koj siv phau ntawv M400, hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 3, rau 1 cu. m. qhov sib xyaw yuav xav tau 4, 9 lub hauv paus ntawm cov cement. Rau 1 cubic meter m. Kev ua cib yuav xav tau 117 kg ntawm cov khoom qub.
Cement-lime mortars khaws lawv cov txiaj ntsig tsis pub ntev tshaj tsib teev. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, thaum huab cua sov mus txog +25, lub sijhawm no raug txo mus rau 1 teev.
Cladding noj
Thaum ua tiav txoj haujlwm ntsib, txoj hauv kev hloov pauv. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los suav qhov kev siv cov cementitious sib tov rau 1m2 ntawm phab ntsa (tsis yog ib lub cubic meter).
Tus nqi tiag yog txiav txim siab:
- qhov nyiam ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev kom nqus dej;
- huab cua ntawm kev ua haujlwm;
- tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab noj hniav sab hauv.
Cov kev cai tau teev tseg hauv SNiP 82-02 hauv kev coj ua ib txwm tig los ua qhov me me, yog li ntawd, thaum yuav khoom, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los daws cov tshuaj los yog zom cov cement nrog cov khoom me me. Cov khoom lag luam pheej yig tshaj plaws hauv qhov no yog ob lub cib (ceramic lossis silicate), uas yuav tsum muaj lub zog siab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws muaj peev xwm txuag tau txog li 1/5 ntawm tag nrho cov sib xyaw.
Tswv yim & Tricks
Feem ntau ntawm cov xwm txheej, cov neeg tsim khoom siv cov tshuaj khib nyiab ntawm cov cement-xuab zeb sib xyaw ntawm M75 pawg kom tau nws raws li 300 series Portland MAAs. Nws yuav tsum tau dilute ib feem ntawm phau ntawv tuav nrog peb ntu ntawm cov xuab zeb. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog siv M100 thiab cov khoom sib xyaw muaj zog tsuas yog rau cov tsev uas muaj cov yam ntxwv muaj zog. Thaum suav qhov hnyav ntawm cov cement siv los ua cov faib, koj yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog tsis yog rau qhov dav ntawm cov nqaws, tab sis kuj yuav ua li cas txawm tias ib txheej tshwj xeeb.
Yog tias lub tsev cib yog lub teeb thiab tsis tseem ceeb (peb tab tom tham txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov txheej txheem pabcuam), nws raug tso cai kom txo qis cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov cement rau 15 - 20% hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw.
Tsis tas yuav xav txog qhov ntsuas thiab qhov ntim ntawm txhua tus neeg thaiv . Kev suav suav zoo li cov no nyuaj rau cov tsis yog cov kws tshaj lij, thiab kev txuag qhov hnyav yuav tsis ua pov thawj qhov kev rau siab. Nws yog txaus los siv cov nuj nqis nruab nrab tau txais hauv ntau xyoo ntawm kev tsim kho, txhawm rau hloov kho rau qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
Pom zoo:
Lub Voos Xwmfab Ntawm Lub Rooj Tsavxwm Hnyav Npaum Licas? Qhov Hnyav Ntawm 1 M3 Ntawm Cov Laug Thiab Cov Ntoo Ntub, Ntuag Thiab Tsis Tawg, Lub Voos Xwmfab Hnyav Ntawm Cov Laug Cam 50x150x6000 Thiab Lwm Qhov Loj Me, Hnyav 2-3 Thiab 4 Lub Voos Xwmfab Ntawm Cov Laug Cam
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