2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41
Cov pob zeb tawg - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog granite, lossis thawj, pob zeb, raws li nws yog lwm yam hu ua - xav tau txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov cement -sand mortar. Muaj ntau ntawm nws hauv cov pob zeb ntau dua li cov khoom xyaw ua ke.
Nws xav tau dab tsi?
Cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim kho kev paub tau paub tias nws tsis tuaj yeem ua cov pob zeb tsis muaj xuab zeb, xis mas thiab dej hauv qhov xav tau. Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov sib txawv muaj zog, qhov sib txawv sib txawv ntawm ib leeg tau siv . Thiab tseem, nws raug txwv tsis pub ntxiv lwm yam ntxiv, piv txwv li, av nplaum lossis sawdust, yog tias lub zog qhov kawg yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv yav tom ntej vim yog lub nra hnyav.
Kev tsim cov pob zeb ua kom ruaj khov tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb thiab cov muab tshuaj txhuam . Tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv ua cov pob zeb zoo dua. Daim ntawv qhia yooj yim rau kev sib xyaw ua vaj tsev tsis hloov pauv. Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev faib ua feem ntawm cov pob zeb tawg, cov cement thiab cov xuab zeb yuav tsis hloov pauv tus nqi ntawm kev tso cai tso rau hauv pem teb uas tau tawv sai sai tom qab nchuav.
Cov pob zeb tawg, tsis zoo li lub pob zeb du ntawm txhua sab, muaj qhov tsis sib xws - qee zaum nws tau txiav txaus hauv txhua qhov kev qhia, uas yuav ua rau lub zog ntxiv ntxiv.
Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev txhim kho tuav zoo. Qhov pheej yig ntawm pob zeb tawg hauv kev sib piv nrog cov cement yog pom tau rau lub qhov muag txawm tias rau tus neeg siv uas nyob deb ntawm kev tsim kho. Hom pob zeb no yog tus yam ntxwv muaj zog thiab ntom ntom.
Cov cement-sand mortar, rau hauv uas qee cov pob zeb tawg tau nchuav, ua rau pom qis qis dua . Ua ke nrog qhov kawg, qhov nqaim ntawm cov cam khwb cia - thiab tawv - cov qauv raug txo. Qhob, hauv kev sib piv nrog cov cement masonry, muaj qhov qis qis dua rau kev tawg. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev ua vaj tsev yog nce dej nkag mus, qhov ntom ntom thiab qhov nqus tshwj xeeb ntawm ib cubic meter ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Thoughtlessly pouring crushed pob zeb rau hauv cov cement mortar tsis pom zoo.
Thaum npaj, piv txwv li, ua vaj tsev rau nchuav lub hauv paus, nws tsis tuaj yeem lees txais los nchuav rau hauv nws cov pob zeb sib tsoo, uas muaj lub zog siab. Kev paub txog ntau lab tus kws tsim khoom, suav nrog tus tsim lub tsev, qhia tias feem ntawm cov pob zeb tawg yuav tsum sib txawv . Lub zog ntawm cov pob zeb zoo li no yuav tsis raug kev txom nyem ntau, thiab koj tuaj yeem txuag me ntsis ntawm cov cement uas tsis poob nws cov yam ntxwv.
Tsis tas li, tsis txhob ntxiv tsuas yog cov pob zeb tawg zoo rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nrog rau qhov me me ntawm cov cement, cov khoom sib xyaw ua tau zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem tau nrog pob zeb ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv . Cov pob zeb loj nqa cov pob zeb los ze rau cov qauv ntawm phab ntsa, ua feem ntau ntawm lawv. Ua kom cov cement ntau ntxiv - txog 1/2 hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog cov xuab zeb - yuav ua rau lub pob zeb puas tsuaj tsuas yog nrog txoj hauv kev thaiv.
Cov pob zeb uas muaj cov pob zeb tawg tsuas yog tsim rau cov rooj vag hydraulic, lub pas dej, choj, qhov av, dej tsaws tsag dag.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov tom kawg yog Hoover Dam, uas tsim cov dej ntws ntws qis uas ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob cog lub zog.
Kev txhawb nqa thiab lub hauv paus yog cov qauv siv feem ntau hauv kev tsim cov qauv thiab cov tsev . Piv txwv li, rau kev tsim cov thav duab-monolithic cov tsev siab, tau siv cov pob zeb txhawb nqa-lub hauv paus, txhawb kev txhawb nqa thiab cov plag tsev muaj qhov txhawb nqa uas ua rau lub tsev muaj kev tiv thaiv seismic ntxiv, thiab cov pob zeb nws tus kheej muaj cov pob zeb tawg, uas yog pob zeb sib txawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg.
Cov pob zeb me me yog siv rau kev tsim toj roob hauv pes. Cov pob zeb tawg loj loj yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev tsim kho txoj kev, suav nrog kev tsim kho cov tsheb ciav hlau.
Thaum ntxiv pob zeb tsoo rau pob zeb ua ke, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau yaug nws los ntawm hmoov av thiab av: av nplaum uas muaj cov organic suav nrog, vim nws cov qauv muaj plua plav, yuav ua rau lub hauv paus puas tsuaj. Thaum yuav cov pob zeb tawg, ntsuas nws qhov xwm txheej raws li GOST: kev suav nrog txawv teb chaws, raws li nws cov qauv, yuav tsis tshaj 2% los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev . Thaum pom cov txheej tuab ntawm cov hmoov av, cov pob zeb tawg tau raug ntxuav, piv txwv li, hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke. Ntxuav cov pob zeb uas tau tsoo, zoo li kho cov xuab zeb, yuav muab qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab tiv taus qhov hnyav hauv lub sijhawm luv.
Koj xav tau ntau npaum li cas rau 1 cubic meter?
Txhawm rau pab tus tswv, tus tsim - cov zaub mov txawv rau kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau hom. Kev kos lub pob zeb tau txiav txim siab tsis yog los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov cement, tab sis kuj los ntawm nws cov koob tshuaj hauv qhov ntim tag nrho. Dej thiab xuab zeb sib txawv hauv koob tshuaj raws qhov loj ntawm pob zeb. Rau kev tsim kho ntiag tug, feem ntau siv raws li hauv qab no: ib lub thoob ntawm cov cement, ob lub thoob ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab peb lub thoob ntawm pob zeb - ib koob ntawm 1: 2: 3 yuav haum rau lub hauv paus . Raws li, 1: 3: 3 yog qhov sib piv rau cov peev txheej qis dua, piv txwv li, thaj chaw ntawm lub tshav puam, qhov twg, hais tias, tsheb nkag mus, lub tshav puam ntawm txoj kev taug kev (ntawm txoj kev uas cov neeg hla kev hla dhau lub laj kab).
Rau kev taug kev, piv txwv li, hauv lub tiaj ua si, siv pob zeb siv - yam tsis tas yuav tsum muab nws los ua pob zeb.
Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog paving slabs ua los ntawm cov nplua-grained qhob tsev cov khoom . Nws suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas cov pob zeb tawg thiab cov tshuaj ntxiv polymer uas ua rau nws lub zog ruaj khov (ua kom tawg rau cov khoom).
Rau thaj chaw neeg taug kev thiab chaw ua si uas siv tawv tawv, qhov tsis sib txawv ntawm qhov kev faib ua feem nruj yuav tsis ua lub luag haujlwm tuag rau lub zog ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom tawv. Cov kab nrib pleb yuav tsis tshwm ua ntej tshaj qhov lawv xav tau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj.
Rau cov neeg siv uas tsis xav kom nkim sijhawm ntawm kev suav tus kheej, muaj lub laij lej online ntawm lub vev xaib ntawm ib lub tuam txhab muab cov xuab zeb, cov pob zeb tawg, cov cement thiab cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke rau ntau lub hom phiaj.
Cov txheej txheem ib feem ntawm cov pob zeb tawg yog qhov loj ntawm pebble ntawm 2 cm - tus nqi no yog qhov xav tau tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim tsev hauv tebchaws . Qhov nruab nrab ntom ntawm cov pob zeb tawg yog kwv yees li 1400 kg / m3 - suav nrog huab cua qhov khoob ntawm cov pob zeb, suav nrog qhov sib txawv me me ntawm cov pob zeb hauv cov pob zeb npaj tau, qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub cubic meter yuav sib npaug li 12 centners.
Cov xuab zeb, xis mas thiab dej tsis tau evaporated los ntawm cov pob zeb tau tsim los txhawm rau ua qhov tsis muaj qhov tsim, yam tsis muaj cov pob zeb ua kom tawg sai sai ua hmoov av.
Kev suav ntxiv pom tias:
- 1200 kg ntawm pob zeb tawg yog xav tau,
- ib cubic meter ntawm tus qauv (rau cov tsis muaj peev txheej txhawb nqa) txheej txheej, 220 liv dej tau nchuav;
- 250-300 kg ntawm cov cement;
- ntau tshaj 500 kg ntawm cov xuab zeb.
Muab tias tsis muaj huab cua npuas hauv cov qhob tshiab uas tau nchuav, kev sau cov voids nruab nrab ntawm cov pob zeb vim yog cov cement mortar yuav yog qhov siab tshaj plaws. Dhau ob peb teev tom ntej los ntawm lub sijhawm uas cov qhob tau nchuav, cov cement ua rau feem ntau (txog li 90% los ntawm huab hwm coj) ntawm cov dej, tsim cov pob zeb loj - nws yuav ntxiv cov khoom nrog cov pob zeb tawg, uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov pob zeb.
Txhua yam ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas ua ntej sib tov - nws raug nquahu kom ntxuav cov xuab zeb thiab cov pob zeb tawg . Yog tias cov dej tau nchuav, lub pob zeb yuav tsis tau txais lub zog xav tau.
Nrog qhov tsis muaj dej, nws yuav dhau los ua qhov tsis xav tau, tsis ua kom txaus nrog cov dej thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem - cov chaw qhuav tau tsim, uas, zoo li qhov khoob ntawm huab cua, txo lub zog ntawm cov qauv siv.
Piv txwv li qib M300, piv txwv li, xav tau kev siv:
- 385 kg ntawm cov cement qib M300;
- 1207 kg ntawm pob zeb tawg;
- 504 kg ntawm xuab zeb;
- 215 litres ntawm cov dej huv.
Kev suav rov qab yog ua tiav rau qhov ntim ntawm cov pob zeb hauv 1 m3 . Hloov cov xuab zeb nrog cov khoom ntim zoo li tshuaj xyuas tawm tib lub pob zeb tawg, cib thiab iav tawg, tawg siv pob zeb, hlau, sawdust, plaster tsoo lub phab ntsa, tawg cov pa tawg (tom qab rhuav tshem cov tsev qub) yog qhov poob siab heev. Xuab zeb yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas pheej yig tshaj plaws; nws tsis yog qhov teeb meem xaj kom muaj ntau lub tshuab raws li qhov xav tau rau kev tsim kho puv ntoob (lossis rov tsim dua tshiab) ntawm ib lub tsev tshwj xeeb. Cov chaw lag luam zeb zeb tsuas ua haujlwm ncaj qha nrog ntau tus neeg yuav khoom ntiag tug.
Qhov twg yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv?
Txog kev ua vaj tsev xav tau cov pob zeb tawg zoo, tus neeg yuav khoom yuav xaiv nws tus kheej: qhov muaj feem thib yog nchuav thiab ua cov pob zeb ua kom zoo ib yam.
Los ntawm pawg
Cov pob zeb tsoo yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua vaj tse, hais txog tus lej hauv kilograms ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev ib cubic meter ntawm kev nchuav. Crushed pob zeb txo qis kev nqaim ntawm lub hauv paus tawv: qhob tsis muaj pob zeb tawg, uas, piv txwv li, siv cov cib ua, yuav tsaws hauv thawj 3 xyoos ntau npaum li cov qauv, thiab nrog nws cov qauv, yuav plam nws qhov kev ruaj ntseg qub thiab ua rau askew. Cov pob zeb tsoo nrog qhov feem tsawg dua 5 hli tsis pom zoo muab ntxiv rau hauv cov pob zeb ua ke.
Lub zog ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom tawv tawv tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj tseem nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov pob zeb tawg . Crushed inclusions 5-10 mm loj ntawm 20 mm pebbles peb tsis suav tias yog qhov sib txawv loj los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov zais ntawm "pob zeb sib txawv" yog qhov kev hloov pauv me me tau faib ntawm cov pob zeb loj, poob rau hauv qhov voids.
Cov voids no tsis tau ntim nrog qhov nruab nrab lossis qhov loj dua: qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov pob zeb raug txiav thiab tsis sib luag.
Ua tib zoo tso cov pob zeb siv cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis (tshem tawm cov pob zeb uas tau nchuav tshiab) yuav tsis tsuas yog nqa tawm huab cua ua npuas, tab sis kuj tseem pab txhawb kev teeb tsa pebbles me me ntawm qhov loj, feem ntau cov khoom me me mus rau hauv qab.
Los ntawm cov khoom lag luam
Muaj kev daws teeb meem pob zeb sib cais, qib qib pom zoo tshaj plaws tau xaiv rau kev ua vaj tsev zoo. Qhov siab dua nws yog (raws li tus lej cim tus lej), siab dua qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov pob zeb yuav sib nrauj thiab nteg. Qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws tau txiav txim siab Portland cement, uas suav nrog txog 80% calcium silicate . Qhov ntau ntsev no, qhov ntau dua docile cov grout (thiab pob zeb ua ke) yuav dhau los thaum nchuav thiab qib.
Calcium silicate ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tiv thaiv te: rau Russia, qis dua rau rau lub hlis - nyob rau nruab nrab thoob plaws lub tebchaws - ib qho xwm txheej tshwm sim.
Kev tsim kho cuam tshuam nrog kev siv M500 cov cement, nws yog nws uas yog thoob ntiaj teb . Nws tsis pom zoo kom siv M200 thiab M300 cov cement rau kev txhawb nqa thiab kev thauj khoom siab (ntau dua ob peb tons) lub hauv paus.
Cov pob zeb tsoo tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau muab cov cement ua kom muaj zog sib xyaw ua kom muaj zog . Kev tsim kho ntiag tug thiab ntau lub tsev suav nrog kev siv pebbles thiab cov pob zeb tawg nrog lub pob zeb loj txog 40 hli.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tso cov cement tso rau hauv cov yas lossis iav ntim, qhuav tag . Hauv qhov no, nws lub neej txee tau ntev txog 10 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij ntawm cov cement yog, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob dilute nws nrog cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab los ntawm kev tsim kho yav dhau los thiab kho vaj tsev, uas feem ntau tshwm sim rau tus pib.
Plua plav thiab av yuav tsum tsis txhob nkag rau hauv cov pob zeb.
Thaum npaj pob zeb nrog koj txhais tes, siv "pob zeb sib txawv" sib txawv. Piv txwv li, txhawm rau tsim lub gazebo, txhawm rau txhim kho phab ntsa rau lub paj paj, cov cement ntawm qib "siab" tsis tas yuav: M100 thiab M200 yuav ua. Cov tsev ib-storey, suav nrog kev tsim tawm sab hauv lub tshav puam, xav tau qib qib cement tsawg kawg M250, tab sis cov tsev nyob hauv tsev thiab cov tsev qis qis xav tau cov cement tsawg kawg M400.
Nws tsis pom zoo kom siv nyiaj ntau dhau "qib siab" ntawm cov cement: ntau tus neeg tsim tsev tsis yog rau 100, tab sis, hais, rau 20 xyoo . Rau ib qho screed (tsis yog xim dub), cov cement ntawm M250 lossis M300 hom yog qhov tsim nyog.
Pom zoo:
Cov Pob Zeb Tsoo Pob Zeb (41 Duab): 5-20 Hli Thiab 40-70 Hli. Puas Muaj Lwm Pab Pawg Twg? Qhov Hnyav Ntawm Pob Zeb Tawg Ntawm Qhov Zoo Thiab Lwm Yam Feem Hauv 1 M3, Pob Zeb Tawg Ntawm Qhov Loj
Koj yuav tsum paub dab tsi txog cov pob zeb tawg? Dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov feem ntawm 5-20 mm thiab 40-70 mm, puas muaj lwm cov zauv twg? Qhov hnyav hnyav ntawm kev nplua thiab lwm yam pob zeb tawg hauv 1 m3, thiab yuav xaiv cov khoom zoo li cas?
Ib Feem Ntawm Cov Pob Zeb Tawg Rau Cov Pob Zeb: Yuav Tsum Tau Pob Zeb Tsoo Rau Lub Hauv Paus Ntawm Lub Tsev Thiab Qhov Twg Zoo Dua Rau Qhov Chaw Dig Muag? Qhov Loj Me Yog Siv Rau Pob Zeb Ua Vaj Tsev?
Dab tsi ntawm cov pob zeb tawg yuav tsum tau siv tshwj xeeb rau cov pob zeb twg? Dab tsi yog pob zeb tawg uas xav tau rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev thiab qhov twg zoo dua rau thaj chaw dig muag? Peb yuav qhia koj hauv peb cov ntawv tshaj tawm
Pob Zeb Ua Pob Zeb: Cov Yam Ntxwv Ntawm Kev Tsim Cov Pob Zeb Ua Ke Hauv Russia, Txoj Hauv Kev Siv Cov Pob Zeb Ua Pob Zeb Rau Kho Kom Zoo Nkauj Sab Hauv Ntawm Lub Tsev, Qhov Zoo Thiab Qhov Tsis Zoo Ntawm Cov Ntaub Npuag
Cov pob zeb ua pob zeb yog cov khoom siv nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo, nws cov yam ntxwv ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm. Hauv tebchaws Russia, kev tsim cov pob zeb ua kiav txhab tsuas yog nce zuj zus, tab sis raws li nws lub peev xwm siab, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev thov tsuas yog nce ntxiv
Qhov Sib Piv Ntawm Cov Qhob Rau Lub Hauv Paus: Kev Sib Xyaw, Ntau Npaum Li Cas Cov Cement, Cov Xuab Zeb Thiab Cov Pob Zeb Tawg Tau Xav Tau Rau 1 Cubic Meter Ntawm Mortar
Ua ntej pib tsim kho, koj yuav tsum paub qhov sib piv ntawm cov qhob rau lub hauv paus. Yuav tsum muaj pes tsawg lub pob zeb ua lub hauv paus? Koj xav tau ntau npaum li cas cov cement, xuab zeb thiab pob zeb rau 1 cubic meter ntawm mortar? Yuav ua li cas sib tov pob zeb rau lub hauv paus koj tus kheej?
Cov Pob Zeb Tawg Pob Zeb: Pob Zeb Tawg Dawb Hauv Hnab Thiab Lwm Yam, 5-10 Hli, 20-40 Hli Thiab Lwm Qhov Ntau Thiab Tsawg, Kho Kom Zoo Nkauj Pob Zeb Tawg Hauv Toj Roob Hauv Pes Tsim
Crushed marble hauv hnab 5-10 hli, 20-40 hli. Cov pob zeb tawg dawb thiab lwm yam ntawm qhov sib txawv me me. Hauv cov cheeb tsam twg yog hom khoom siv no? Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv dab tsi? Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?
