Qhov Sib Piv Ntawm Cov Qhob Rau Lub Hauv Paus: Kev Sib Xyaw, Ntau Npaum Li Cas Cov Cement, Cov Xuab Zeb Thiab Cov Pob Zeb Tawg Tau Xav Tau Rau 1 Cubic Meter Ntawm Mortar

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib lub tsev lossis cov qauv yog lub hauv paus. Tom qab tag nrho, txhua tus xav tau nws tus qauv, ua nws lub tsev lossis chav tso tsheb, kom ua haujlwm ntev li ntev tau, daws cov haujlwm uas tau teeb tsa. Yog li ntawd, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tsim kom muaj lub hauv paus ruaj khov thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm chav tsev no suav nrog tsis tsuas yog suav qhov raug, muaj peev xwm tso, tab sis kuj tseem ua tau zoo pob zeb. Yog tias cov qhob ua los ntawm koj tus kheej txhais tes, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum paub txog qhov sib faib los sib xyaw cov khoom uas cuam tshuam rau qhov txiaj ntsig kawg.

Peculiarities

Nws tsis yog qhov tseeb los hu ua kua ua kua. Pob zeb yog pob zeb ua los ntawm cov khoom siv. Lub npe nom yog qhob cib. Yog tias peb tham ntau ntxiv txog cov cement, tom qab ntawd nws yog phau ntawv tuav uas tuav tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, uas dhau los ua ib qho tag nrho tom qab sib tham. Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb yog qib siab ntawm hygroscopicity. Vim li no, nws yuav tsum tau xa sai ua ntej ua cov tshuaj khib.

Cheebtsam

Muaj ob peb yam hauv kev sib xyaw ua vaj tse.

1. Maas . Nws yog lub hauv paus rau kev daws teeb meem.
2. Dej . Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog reagent.
3. Xuab zeb . Lub thickener uas ua rau cov tshuaj khov. Qhov ntom ntawm kev daws teeb meem kuj tseem nyob ntawm nws cov nyiaj.
4. Sib sau ua ke . Muaj peev xwm ua tau ob qho tib si nplua-gravel thiab cib chips. Kuj tseem muaj kev xaiv nrog cov chaw loj dua. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm cov pob zeb thiab nws cov peev txheej (qib).

Cov xuab zeb sib tov M 500, ua raws li ASG, yuav tsum tau sib xyaw kom huv thaum kneading kom qhov sib xws tuab. Lub rooj tshwj xeeb yuav pab txhawm rau txhawm kom raug.

Saib

Muaj cov hom cement hauv qab no, nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

1. Portland MAAs (zoo tib yam) . Tsim los rau kev siv ib txwm muaj. Nws zoo kawg nkaus zam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej noo thiab qhov kub tsawg. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsim cov hauv paus hauv cov tsev zoo tib yam, feem ntau hauv cov tsev nyob ib leeg.
2. Slag Portland MAAs . Ntau qhov kev tiv thaiv dej ntau dua li yav dhau los. Tib yam siv rau lub zog. Nws tawv heev qeeb dua li ib txwm. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov yog thaj chaw uas muaj cov av noo siab, nrog rau huab cua ib txwm muaj thiab tsis tshua muaj te.
3. Pozzolanic Portland xis mas. NROG Cov cement uas tiv taus tshaj rau cov dej noo, tab sis muaj lub zog ib txwm muaj. Tsim los rau cov txheej txheem casting uas tsis tsim rau cov khoom hnyav. Feem ntau cov no yog cov qauv hauv qab dej.
4. Ib chav kawm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cement yog teeb tsa nrawm . Qhov no yog vim muaj cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau cov tshuaj no ua kom tawv dua ob zaug li niaj zaus - hauv 14 hnub. Cov xwm txheej huab cua rau qhov kev daws teeb meem no tsis tseem ceeb.

Yuav luag txhua qhov dej haum, suav nrog los ntawm cov kais dej, qhov tseem ceeb yog nws tsis nplua nuj hauv ntsev. Nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj nrog dej, cov cement qhuav tau hloov pauv rau hauv cov tshuaj khib nws tus kheej.

Cov xuab zeb yuav tsum tsis suav nrog av nplaum lossis lwm yam tsis huv, qhov tso cai tau nce mus txog 5%. Qhov loj me ntawm cov xuab zeb yuav tsum nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1, 2 - 2, 5 mm ntawm txhua cov qoob loo, ib qho zoo dua rau yav tom ntej pob zeb yuav tsis ua haujlwm.

Cov xuab zeb zoo tshaj plaws rau lub hauv paus yog suav tias yog dej xuab zeb, tab sis ntxuav thiab sifted . Qhov no yog vim nws ntxuav tas li nrog dej tshiab, uas muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov av nplaum thiab cov ntsev sib xyaw. Cov muab tub lim rau phau ntawv tsim khoom ntawm cov pob zeb feem ntau tsoo pob zeb, cov qoob loo uas yog nyob hauv 15 - 20 hli.

Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias qhov loj me ntawm cov nplej yuav tsum yog kwv yees tib yam nyob hauv qhov hnyav tag nrho, yam tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb ua ntej ntawm cov pob zeb tawg loj dua qhov me. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau txo cov voids sab hauv cov pob zeb, yog li txo kev siv cov cement. Nws kuj yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj av nplaum impurities, khib nyiab.

Npav ua cim

Cov qib qib ua tau raug xaiv los ntawm tsab ntawv "M" thiab tus lej tus lej, uas qhia txog kev sib zog ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov pob zeb, hauv kg / cm2. Qhov ntom ntom no thaum mus txog qhov teeb tsa ntawm cov pob zeb, uas, raws li SNiP, yog 28 hnub. Qhov no tsis siv rau kev teeb tsa nrawm thiab cov pob zeb ci. Nws yog qhov yuam kev ntseeg tias pob zeb tsis muaj qib qis dua M100; M50 qhob yog siv rau nchuav cov txheej txheem me me, feem ntau yog siv pob zeb zoo.

Cov kab ntawm cov pob zeb pib los ntawm M15 thiab xaus nrog M1000. Txog li M200 pob zeb siv feem ntau ntawm cov qauv tsis muaj kabmob, pabcuam lossis kho kom zoo nkauj. Rau cov hauv paus, M200 lossis M300 feem ntau siv, rau kev tsim kho siab - M350.

Qhov qib qis tshaj plaws yog M100. Qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov cement yog M500, tab sis pob zeb yog M1000. Cov qhob noom xim kasfes yog qhov hnyav heev, nws tsis siv vim nws tus nqi siab thiab cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.

Ib qho ntawm cov ntawv thov loj tshaj yog tua hluav taws ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thib plaub ntawm Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag xyoo 1986. Cov muab tub lim yog cov hmoov txhuas, uas tau muab pov tseg cais los ntawm cov qhob. Thiab tseem cov chaw tso foob pob tawg tau ua los ntawm pob zeb ntawm cov khoom no, qhov twg phab ntsa tuab ncav cuag 5-7 meters.

Txij li kev tshem tawm ntawm kev sib tsoo Chernobyl, nws tau siv hauv Russia thiab CIS tsuas yog ib zaug - thaum tsim kho Vostochny cosmodrome.

Yuav xam li cas?

Nws nyob ntawm cov khoom xaiv tau zoo, ntxiv rau lawv qhov sib piv, kev ntseeg tau ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov yuav ua li cas, txawm nws yog lub hauv paus lossis phab ntsa. Yog tias peb suav tus lej piv uas tau siv ntawm tsob ntoo, tom qab ntawd cov khoom sib xyaw tsis zoo yuav tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb tias cov khoom siv tau siv nyob ntawd, thawj zaug thiab kuaj lub sijhawm. Ntawm lub hoobkas, cov qauv yog raws li hauv qab no: cement (1), xuab zeb (2), pob zeb tawg lossis lwm yam sib sau ua ke (4), dej (0, 5).

Hauv kev tsim kho nrog kev tsim ua vaj tsev, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua raws tib lub thev naus laus zis, tab sis nrog kev kho me ntsis. Kom tau M100: cement (1), xuab zeb (4), pob zeb tawg lossis lwm yam sib sau ua ke (6), dej (0, 5).

Tab sis kom nkag siab meej dua ntawm qhov teeb meem, peb muab piv txwv piv rau ib lub voos xwmfab: cement 205 kg, xuab zeb 770 kg, pob zeb tawg 1200 kg, dej - 180 liv. Tab sis feem ntau tsis muaj cov nplai ntawm tes, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas tuaj yeem suav qhov hnyav hnyav, yog li nws yooj yim tshaj plaws los siv cov txheej txheem kho, piv txwv li, lub thoob. Koj yuav xav tau 10 litre thoob, nyiam dua galvanized. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau lub hauv paus yuav yog pob zeb ntawm M250 hom. Nws qhov sib piv yog: xis mas (1 thoob), xuab zeb (2 thoob), pob zeb (3, 5 thoob), dej (ib nrab thoob).

Zaub mov txawv

Cov tsev thiab cov tsev qis qis (txog peb plag tsev) xav tau lub hauv paus zoo. Tau kawg, nws nyob ntawm ob qho tib si nyob ntawm thaj chaw ib puag ncig thiab ntawm cov khoom tsim los tom ntej. Txij li cov hauv paus nrog cov qhob nchuav yog cov kab xev, nws tuaj yeem xav tias qhov no yuav siv rau hauv txoj kab nruab nrab tsis nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj av qeeg, vim tias kev siv cov hauv paus no raug txwv hauv cov cheeb tsam no.

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum lub siab ib centimeter ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ntau dua 400 kg, tom qab ntawd qib qib ntawm yam tsawg M350 raug xaiv nrog cov feem ntawm cov cement (1), xuab zeb (1), pob zeb (2, 5), dej (0, 5).

Yog tias qhov ntsuas ntawm kev thauj khoom yav tom ntej tsis paub, thiab cov neeg siv khoom kuj tsis muaj lub tswv yim txog qhov no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua kom hnyav dua pob zeb M450 nrog cov feem: cov cement (1), xuab zeb (1), pob zeb tawg lossis lwm yam backfill (2), dej (0, 5) … Cov hauv paus zoo li no muaj nqi ntau dua li lawv cov neeg tsis muaj zog tsawg kawg peb txog plaub zaug, txiav txim los ntawm M200, yog li nws tseem tsim nyog los ua qhov kev xam nyiaj txiag thiab qhov ua tau ntawm kev nchuav cov pob zeb hnyav dua.

Tab sis yog tias koj yuav siv M100, ces koj yuav tsum tso tseg qhov kev nqis peev no, tshwj tsis yog, tau kawg, nws yog lub tsev sov lub caij ntuj sov lossis cov qauv me me.

Ua vaj tse nrog koj tus kheej tes

Lub cuab tam tseem ceeb rau kev npaj cov pob zeb yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, nrog rau lub duav thiab lub thoob. Thiab kuj koj xav tau ob peb lub thoob thiab lub laub nqa (nqa). Tab sis yog tias tsis muaj cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem npaj qhov kev daws teeb meem siv cov txheej txheem kho. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj xav tau qee yam ntawm lub thawv ntoo, da dej yas, txawm hais tias cov hlau yuav ua. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob lub duav, ib khub thoob. Tau kawg, nws raug nquahu kom nqa lub laub. Cov cuab yeej seem suav nrog tus rammer, qib, ntsuas ntsuas thiab ntsuas, thiab tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov cai.

Teem tseg ib lub thoob thiab lub duav rau cov cement xwb, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob ntub. Txawm hais tias koj tuaj yeem siv rab riam pleev xim tsis tu ncua, ua qhov txhab hauv lub hnab thiab nchuav cov cement ncaj qha rau hauv lub thawv. Rau cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb, peb tseem yuav tso ib txheej duav thiab thoob, uas yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog cov cement. Tom qab kev npaj, koj tuaj yeem pib ua cov cement, ua tib zoo ntsuas tawm qhov xav tau nrog cov thoob.

Tom qab tau txais cov tshuaj cement, ntxiv cov pob zeb tawg thiab cov xuab zeb, thiab tom qab ntawd sib tov kom huv si kom txog thaum muaj cov homogeneous txheej tshwm. Txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los sib tov yog los ntawm kev khawb hauv qab cov tshuaj khib thiab los ntawm kev txav txav tom qab sab saum toj, zoo li nws yog, "faib" cov tshuaj.

Qhov no tso cai rau koj txhawm rau txhuam txhua yam khoom, tshem tawm hauv qab uas tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Tom qab ntawd ua "pyramid" ntawm qhov xav tau kaum, duab thiab ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab nyob hauv nruab nrab qhov tuab ntawm qhov sib tov qhuav. Tom qab ntawd, ntxiv cov dej uas xav tau thiab pib sib tov raws nraim tib txoj kev raws li cov tshuaj qhuav. Tom qab ua tiav kev sib xyaw thiab dej sib tov, rov ua cov txheej txheem nrog "pyramid". Thiab yog li ntawd kom txog thaum tag nrho cov tshuaj tau saturated nrog dej thiab dhau los ua pob zeb. Lub neej ntawm cov pob zeb zoo li no yog kwv yees li ob teev, yog li tam sim ntawd tom qab kev npaj, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua haujlwm nrog nws.

Lub tswv yim

Txog kev sib xyaw kom raug, koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus qhia ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.

1. Yog tias cov tshuaj tuab dhau, tom qab ntawd nws tuaj yeem diluted nrog dej me me kom cov qauv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw yog homogeneous. Tsis txhob mob siab rau nrog ceev nrawm, zoo tib yam nplawm yog txaus.
2. Thaum ua haujlwm hauv huab cua ntub lossis los nag, nrog rau thaum muaj cov xuab zeb ntub, qhov dej yuav tsum tau txo.
3. Thawj qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm cov pob zeb ua tiav tom qab 12 teev. Thawj qhov hnyav tom qab 7 hnub txij li lub sijhawm nchuav. Tom qab 14 hnub, pob zeb tau txais ob feem peb ntawm nws lub zog, thiab tom qab 28 hnub nws tau npaj rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv lossis ua haujlwm ntxiv. Qhov no hais txog huab cua zoo uas tsis cuam tshuam rau cov pob zeb.
4. Kev ua haujlwm pob zeb sab nraum thaj chaw tsuas yog ua tiav thaum lub caij, uas yog, ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj-xoom, txij li ntawd cov tshuaj lom txaus txaus tshwm sim yam tsis ncua thiab yog raws li qhov xav tau. Yog tias cov pob zeb tau kneaded thiab nchuav rau hauv te, tom qab ntawd cov dej khov ua rau sab hauv, uas yog qhov phem heev, vim tias lawv siv cov tsov ntxhuav sib faib ntawm lub zog ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom tawg, rhuav tshem nws vim kab noj hniav, thiab kho thiab kho dua tshiab ntawm lub hauv paus yog qhov haujlwm hnyav heev..

Tau kawg, nrog kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb ntxiv rau kev daws teeb meem tau tshwm sim, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv qhov kev daws teeb meem no, ua cov qauv tsim los ntawm nws uas haum rau yuav luag txhua cheeb tsam. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tiv thaiv te, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov khoom ntxiv ntawm cov dej tsis kam thiab dej permeability. Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov peev txheej ntawm cov qauv yav tom ntej, tso cai rau koj los tsim cov tsev uas yav tas los tsuas yog siv cov qhob hnyav thiab kim.