Cug Rau Paving Slabs: Proportions Thiab Muaj Pes Tsawg Leeg Ntawm Cov Sib Tov. Yuav Ua Li Cas Ua Noj Nws Hauv Tsev Nrog Koj Tus Kheej Tes? Koj Xav Tau Ntau Npaum Li Cas Hauv Cov Th

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Paving slabs yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas feem ntau siv rau kev npaj ntawm thaj av ntiag tug thiab thaj chaw pej xeem. Koj tuaj yeem yuav nws los ntawm cov khw tshwj xeeb lossis ua koj tus kheej. Koj yuav tsum kawm paub txog cov yam ntxwv, kev faib ua feem thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj khib rau paving slabs.

Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm qhov sib xyaw

Cug rau paving slabs, piv txwv li, rau txoj hauv kev hauv lub tebchaws, tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv: nws tuaj yeem yog cov cement-sand, suav nrog tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cement, tsis muaj pob zeb tawg, muaj xim (muaj xim zas xim). Hauv qhov no, kev daws teeb meem, hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, yuav tsum ua tau raws ntau qhov kev xav tau, ntawm lawv:

• tiv taus rau qhov tsis zoo ib puag ncig cuam tshuam (piv txwv li, kom huab cua qis);
• lub zog thiab kev ntseeg tau;
• qib qis ntawm porosity;
• qis dej noo nqus coefficient;
• zoo nkauj zoo nkauj tsos.

Cia peb ua tibzoo saib ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj khib rau paving slabs

Maas . Lub hauv paus ntawm ib qho tshuaj khib rau paving slabs yuav tsum yog xis mas. Kev lig kev cai, cov kws tshaj lij xaiv Portland cement M500. Ib qho ntxiv, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov cement yuav tsum suav nrog tricalcium aluminate, tab sis nws ntim yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 8%. Vim yog cov yam ntxwv no, qhov kev daws teeb meem zaum kawg yuav txawv los ntawm qhov ntsuas lub zog siab.

Xuab zeb . Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txhua qhov paving slab mortar. Qhov tseeb, cov khoom no yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, yog li ntawd, qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tau zoo ntxiv rau nws. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo muab kev nyiam rau cov xuab zeb dej yam tsis muaj khib nyiab thiab tsis huv. Qhov muaj cov xuab zeb nyob hauv kev daws teeb meem ua rau muaj kev sib txhuam.

Cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj Lawv ua raws li cov khoom txhawb ntxiv. Ua tsaug rau lawv siv, qib ntawm lub zog thiab ruaj khov ntawm qhov ua tiav paving slabs nce. Cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov pob zeb, cov pob zeb tawg los yog cov av nplaum nthuav dav feem ntau yog siv los ua cov ntim khoom.

Hardeners . Ua tsaug rau kev siv cov tawv tawv, qhov nrawm ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom hnyav nce ntxiv (thaum cov khoom tsis tawg thaum ziab). Hauv qhov no, kev daws teeb meem nrog cov tawv tawv tuaj yeem siv tau txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo (ob lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij ntuj no). Nws tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias kev siv cov tawv tawv ua rau kom nrawm dua ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb yog tias koj tab tom ua ntau tus paving slabs.

Dyes . Nyob ntawm koj qhov kev xav tau thiab xav tau hauv kev tsim cov paving slabs, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov xim zas rau cov tshuaj (lossis ua yam tsis muaj lawv). Hais txog kev xaiv xim, nws raug nquahu kom tsom mus rau tus kheej nyiam nyiam, nrog rau ntawm cov xim dav dav ntawm toj roob hauv pes. Hauv qhov no, teeb meem xim yuav tsum tau muab cais ua inorganic oxides. Feem ntau, cov dyes no tau tsim thiab muag ua cov hmoov qhuav. Thaum siv cov zas xim, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav faib nws tusyees thoob plaws hauv qhov sib xyaw - qhov no feem ntau yog ua nrog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov zas rau tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem nyob ntawm qhov xav tau xim xim; qhov nruab nrab, txog li 8% ntawm cov hmoov zas xim tau siv.

Pab tswv yim. Cov xim kawg ntawm kev daws teeb meem cuam tshuam tsis tsuas yog siv cov zas xim, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov cement. Raws li, hauv cov txheej txheem tsim cov paving slabs ntawm tib pawg, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los saib xyuas kev siv tib lub npe ntawm cov cement.

Zuaj zeb . Thaum ua cov tshuaj khib rau paving slabs, pob zeb tawg thiab xuab zeb yuav tsum tau siv nyob hauv tib qho piv txwv. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, cov nplais yuav tsis sib tsoo thaum khov thiab yaj (uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj qhov hloov pauv kub ntau zaus). Raws li rau cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pob zeb tawg siv, lawv yuav tsum sib haum rau cov cim hauv qab no: qhov loj - los ntawm 5 txog 10 hli, tiv taus te - los ntawm 1,000, tsis muaj qhov tsis huv.

Cov yas yas . Cov khoom no muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov yas ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua tiav (yog li lub npe ntawm cov ntsiab lus). Cov yas yas muab qib siab thiab ntseeg tau ntawm cov nplaum ntawm ib sab. Raws li cov yas yas, koj tuaj yeem siv cov kua nplaum polyvinyl chloride, kua qaub, dej ntxhua khaub ncaws. Ntawm lwm yam, cov khoom no ua rau cov dej tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom.

Dej . Thaum ntxiv dej rau nws, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam qhov pom zoo. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov dej noo ntau dhau yuav ua rau cov kua ua kua thiab, raws li, txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov pobzeb tiav.

Feem pua

Ntxiv rau qhov yuav tsum tau siv qee yam ntawm cov khoom siv thaum npaj cov tshuaj khib rau paving slabs, koj yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam qhov tsim nyog sib piv thiab cov piv txwv ntawm cov xuab zeb, xis mas thiab txhua lwm yam.

Cov lus qhia muaj txiaj ntsig: Txawm hais tias muaj cov cai thoob ntiaj teb hais txog kev faib ua feem ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke rau paving slabs, ib tus neeg yuav tsum tau suav nrog. Piv txwv li, paving thiab grouting compounds tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm ib leeg.

Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias kev suav xam ywj pheej ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw yog txoj haujlwm nyuaj thiab nyuaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov sib piv zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ua tiav tsuas yog los ntawm kev paub thiab coj mus rau hauv tus account txhua qhov ua yuam kev ua ntej. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj tsis yog tus tsim lub peev xwm thiab tsis muaj kev paub txaus, muaj peev xwm thiab muaj peev xwm txaus, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum ua raws cov lus qhia thiab kev pom zoo ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb.

Nco ntsoov tias txawm tias qhov tsis raug me me tuaj yeem ua rau sib xyaw uas thaum kawg yuav siv tsis tau. Ib qho ntxiv, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov naj npawb ntawm cov khoom tseem nyob ntawm lawv qhov zoo. Yog tias peb tham txog kev faib ua ib txwm, ces lawv zoo li no:

• 23 feem ntawm cov cement hauv thoob;
• 20 daim ntawm cov xuab zeb los ntawm sifting;
• 57 daim ntawm cov pob zeb tawg;
• yas, uas yuav tsum yog 0.5 feem ntawm cov cement siv;
• 40 feem ntawm cov dej sov (xam raws li qhov sib xyaw qhuav);
• ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib xyaw ntxiv hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 90 g rau 1 m 2
• xim nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 700 ml rau 1 m 2.

Ib qho ntxiv, muaj ntau txoj cai thoob ntiaj teb:

• xuab zeb thiab xis mas hauv kev daws yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 3 rau 1;
• ntxiv dej kom txog thaum ua kom khov thiab khov khov ua ke;
• yog tias koj xav ua ob txheej txheej pobzeb, txhua qhov khoom siv yuav tsum siv hauv 1 rau 1 piv.

Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias kev ua raws ntawm kev faib ua feem yog ib qho tseem ceeb raws li kev coj ua ntawm kev sib xyaw. Tsuas yog tias tag nrho cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tau ua tiav, koj yuav tau txais cov khoom siv uas xav tau, uas yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ua haujlwm ntev.

Yuav ua li cas ua noj nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes?

Kev npaj tshuaj khib rau paving slabs tuaj yeem ua ntawm nws tus kheej hauv tsev. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua raws daim ntawv qhia thiab sib tov cov tshuaj tov kom raug. Koj yuav tau txais cov khoom paving slabs, uas nyob hauv lawv qhov zoo, cov khoom thiab yam ntxwv yuav tsis qis dua rau cov khoom lag luam hauv Hoobkas. Xav txog cov lus qhia ntxaws txog yuav npaj li cas daws rau paving slabs nrog koj tus kheej tes:

• ua ntej koj yuav tsum sib tov 2 lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev daws: xuab zeb thiab xis mas;
• ntxiv mus, los tsim cov tshuaj hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov yas yas;
• cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog ntxiv pob zeb tawg;
• tam sim no koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov kua (thaum nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias thaum kawg qhov kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum yog qhov tuab tuab zoo ib yam).

Tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, koj tuaj yeem pib nchuav cov tshuaj rau hauv cov pwm ua ntej npaj rau paving slabs. Cov pwm yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj tshwj xeeb vibrating (thiab lawv kuj yuav tsum tau greased nrog roj nrog txhuam). Lub rooj vibrating yog npaj rau kev sib tov sib xyaw hauv daim ntawv. Cov theem tom ntej yog txheej txheem kom qhuav, uas tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntev txog 48 teev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias li ntawm 15 txog 25 ° C.

Teeb meem tshwm sim

Yog tias koj txhuam cov khoom sib xyaw kom raug, koj yuav tau txais qhov txiaj ntsig xav tau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas yuav ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm 100% thiab yuav nyob ntev. Nws ib txwm tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj daws rau paving slabs tuaj yeem nrog los ntawm ntau yam teeb meem. Feem ntau, teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias koj tsis ua raws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqis tes ua, tsis siv txhua yam khoom tsim nyog, lossis coj lawv mus rau qhov tsis tsim nyog. Cia peb xav txog cov teeb meem feem ntau uas tus neeg siv yuav ntsib thaum npaj kev daws teeb meem.

• Chipping tawm xim . Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom do cov xim kom tusyees. Yog tias txoj cai no tsis ua raws, tom qab ntawd cov zas tuaj yeem faib rau hauv txheej, feem, cov nyhuv marble tsim nyog yuav ploj mus. Qhov teeb meem no feem ntau tshwm sim yog tias kis cov pwm nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub rooj vibrating tau ntev dua qhov tsim nyog.
• Cov teeb meem hauv cov txheej txheem cais cov pobzeb tiav los ntawm cov pwm . Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev, koj siv tus nqi tsis txaus (lossis tsis siv hlo li) cov roj nplua nyeem.
• Lub xub ntiag ntawm npuas thiab voids hauv cov pobzeb tiav . Qhov tsis xws xws li cov khoom siv ua tiav feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis txaus ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg rau lub rooj vibrating. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kua nplaum ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau ua npuas thiab voids.
• Cov nplais tawg . Yog tias cov nplais tawg, tom qab ntawd muaj qhov tshwm sim siab uas koj tsis tau saib xyuas txhua qhov tsim nyog sib piv thaum npaj cov tshuaj.