2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41
Hnyav R-12 yog cov kua uas muaj peb ntu. Nws tsuas yog siv los ua cov kua roj vanish, pleev xim, pleev xim pleev xim, roj hmab thiab lwm yam tshuaj. Daim ntawv thov kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom tau txais ua tsaug rau cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no thiab cov khoom siv raw zoo.
Sib xyaw
Cov pob tshab no, kua daj me ntsis muaj cov hauv qab no:
- xylene - muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbon series (10%);
- toluene - methylbenzene, kua ua kua uas tsis muaj impurities, hnyav hnyav (60%);
- butyl acetate - cov organic hnyav (30% ntawm tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg).
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj cov ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Cov khoom yog cov nplaim hluav taws kub heev, thiab nws cov pa tawm mus ntev. Kev siv tshuaj hnyav hauv kev ua haujlwm nrog yas yog kev tso cai, tab sis cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem "xeb" qee yam ntawm nws. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej siv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tshuaj xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm thaj chaw me me uas tsis pom kev ntawm qhov chaw.
Yog tias nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv lwm txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua tib zoo kawm lawv cov ntawv . Kev sib cuag ntawm Р-12 nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj zog (piv txwv li, acetic thiab nitric acids, hydrogen peroxide) tuaj yeem ua rau tsim cov tshuaj tawg.
Kev sib xyaw ua kom kub hnyiab tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog trichloromethane thiab tribromomethane.
Cov yam ntxwv zoo uas suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas no suav nrog ntau lub ntsiab lus
- Qhov tsis sib haum coefficient, lossis tus nqi ntawm kev ua kom qhuav nrog kev hwm rau ethyl ether, txiav txim siab tias muaj tshuaj lom sib xyaw. Cov khoom lag luam nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug yog cov tshuaj hnyav hnyav nruab nrab, qhov sib piv yog 8-14 g.
- Karl Fischer titration yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tshuaj lom neeg, lub ntsiab lus uas yog los txiav txim qhov feem ntawm cov dej hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg hauv kev kawm. Hauv R-12 hnyav, nws tsis ntau dua 1 feem pua.
- Cov naj npawb ntawm cov kua qaub - qhov hnyav ntawm cov poov tshuaj poov tshuaj yuav tsum tau rau nruab nrab 1 gram ntawm cov organic teeb meem, ntsuas hauv milligrams. Rau R-12, nws tsis ntau dua 0, 10 mg KOH / g.
- Tus lej ntawm cov nyiaj coagulation tsawg kawg yog 22%. Nrog nws txoj kev pab, lub peev xwm ua kom tawg tau txiav txim siab hauv qhov ntsuas ntau.
- Qhov sib txheeb ze ntawm cov khoom yog 0.85 g / cm3 hauv lub voos xwmfab, nws nce nrog cua sov. Qhov nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias txhawb nqa kev txo qis hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov organic hnyav. Qhov tseem ceeb no cuam tshuam rau kev huv ntawm kev sib tov.
- Lub teeb nyem nyob rau hauv lub crucible kaw tsis qis dua +5 degrees Celsius. Nws txiav txim siab qhov kub uas cov kua sib xyaw ua ke yuav ua rau lub nkoj tawg ua haujlwm kaw. Raws li cov cai, qhov kub tsis tshaj 28 degrees qhia tias cov kua ua rau muaj kev phom sij tshwj xeeb.
Thaum sib tov cov kuab tshuaj nrog cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish, cov khoom siv yuav tsum tsis txhob coagulate lossis tshem tawm. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, nws txhais tau hais tias ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke tsis sib xws, lossis qhov sib piv tau ua txhaum thaum lub sijhawm yug me nyuam thev naus laus zis. Qhov no tseem yuav ua pov thawj los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov xim dawb lossis npub ntawm qhov qhuav. Tom qab ziab, zaj duab xis yuav tsum ci thiab txawm.
Daim ntawv thov thaj tsam
Kev tsim khoom thiab siv R-12 tau ua tiav raws li GOST 7827-74.
Daim ntawv no piav qhia tias cov kuab tshuaj tau siv rau dilution:
- xim thiab kua roj vanish (LM) raws li PSC LN lossis PSC LS;
- polyacrylic cob;
- ntau yam khoom siv hluavtaws lossis ntuj tsim, raws li daim ntawv thov uas tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab rau saum npoo.
Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus tau hais meej meej, cov cuab yeej no kuj tseem siv los ntxuav cov cuab yeej, siv rau aquaprint. Qee tus neeg siv los siv nws hauv lub neej txhua hnub, tshem tawm "nyuaj" cov xim.
Hauv khw kho tsheb pib, R-12 feem ntau yog siv rau kev sib tsoo lub hauv paus thiab pleev xim tsheb acrylic. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis hloov cov khoom ntawm cov xim no. Lawv pw ncaj rau saum npoo, tsis plam xim thiab lwm yam ntxwv. Dilution ntawm acrylic enamels yog qhov ncaj ncees los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lawv tau ua los ntawm cov acrylic resins, thiab tsis yog cov qauv dej.
Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau kev siv R-12 hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev thov aquaprint . Ib theem ntawm txoj haujlwm no yog qhib kom ua. Txhawm rau thov tus qauv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom cov zaj duab xis tso rau hauv. Cov kws tshaj lij siv cov qauv tshwj xeeb, tab sis rau cov amateurs hom tshuaj hnyav no yog qhov hloov pauv tau zoo thiab pheej yig. Nws yog tshuaj txau thoob plaws saum npoo av los ntawm lub raj mis tsuag lossis lwm txoj hauv kev.
Qhov hnyav ntawm hom tshuaj no kuj tseem siv los hloov pauv rau lwm yam sib xyaw, piv txwv li, R-5 hnyav. Cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish yuav tsum tau sib xyaw nrog cov kuab tshuaj maj, ntxiv nws hauv qhov me me, tas li nplawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke tau txiav txim siab raws li cov chaw tsim khoom qhia.
Hauv kev lag luam tsheb, txheej txheej qub ntawm cov xim acrylic tseem raug tshem tawm nrog cov hnyav. Nws yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv txheej tuab (tsis pub ntau tshaj 2 hli) thiab tos li 10 feeb. Cov txheej maj mam ua kom mos thiab tuaj yeem tshem tawm tau yooj yim nrog cov spatula.
Cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov kuab tshuaj no txiav txim siab qhov muaj tshuaj lom thiab ua kom kub hnyav ntawm qhov sib xyaw, yog li ntawd, txhua txoj cai kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau ua thaum khaws cia thiab ua haujlwm nrog nws.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los khaws cov tshuaj R-12 nrog lub hau kaw kom nruj ., hauv cov chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm menyuam yaus. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txwv kev tshav ntuj ncaj qha rau cov khoom. Chav yuav tsum muaj cua zoo. Tsis txhob tso cov tshuaj hnyav ze rau cov cua sov thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nrog rau cov khoom ntse (kom tsis txhob raug lub pob).
Thaum ua haujlwm ncaj qha nrog kev sib xyaw, kev tiv thaiv ntawm txhais tes thiab qhov muag yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum hnav hnab looj tes thiab tsom iav tshwj xeeb, txij li cov khoom siv hauv kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tshuaj lom hnyav yog tias lawv cuam tshuam nrog qhib qhov chaw ntawm lub cev.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov lossis hauv chav uas muaj cua nkag tau zoo (yog tias qhov cua tsis zoo, hnav lub tshuab ua pa). Txij li huab cua sib zog dua li cov pa ntawm qhov sib xyaw, lawv tau tso rau hauv pem teb thiab ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Yog li, tom qab ua tiav txhua qhov kev ua nrog P-12, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntxuav thaj chaw ua haujlwm txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tsis xav tau hluav taws.
Yog tias cov khoom tau txais ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nws tau ntxuav nrog dej kom ntau txaus siv xab npum. Yog tias cov tshuaj tau nkag rau hauv lub qhov muag, yaug lawv kom huv nrog dej thiab tam sim tham nrog kws kho mob.
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