2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13
Muaj kev xav tias cov khoom siv ua vaj tsev muaj zog tshaj thiab ruaj khov tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, lo lus no yog kev dag ntxias. Hauv cov haujlwm tsis tsim nyog, cov txheej txheem ua vaj tsev kuj tseem yuav raug kev puas tsuaj loj thiab puas tsuaj. Lawv cuam tshuam tsis zoo los ntawm te hnyav heev, ua rau cov av txheej qis, oxygen oxidation, nag lossis daus thiab cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg.
Sulphate-resistant cement yog suav tias yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim kho. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yog nrov tshaj plaws nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam uas huab cua tau tso tawm ntau yam uas xav tau. Qhov no siv rau thaj chaw uas muaj tus yam ntxwv hloov pauv kub thiab muaj nag los ntau.
Nws yog dab tsi?
Sulfate-resistant cement lossis Portland cement yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev tshwj xeeb uas txawv ntawm qhov sib piv ib txwm muaj thiab tiv taus qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw thiab hloov pauv ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev thov cov cement Portland suav nrog kev tsim cov chaw tso dej, cov dej tawm thiab cov qhov dej tawm . Zinc sulphate qhob thiab pawg tau siv los tsim cov khoom lag luam feem ntau.
Sulfate-resistant cement hardens es qeeb, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xeev tawv nws muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom. Qhov tom kawg yog nws qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm lwm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Saib
Raws li nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, sulfate-resistant cement tau muab faib ua hom hauv qab no:
- pozzolanic Portland xis mas;
- sulfate-resistant slag Portland MAAs;
- sulfate-resistant Portland MAAs;
- sulfate-resistant Portland MAAs nrog ntxiv cov zaub mov.
Tam sim no cia saib nrawm ntawm txhua ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no:
- Pozzolanic Portland MAAs muaj cov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov nplaim taws tawg rauv thiab pozzolans. Qhov tom kawg yog hais txog cov khoom lag luam ntawm keeb kwm volcanic hauv daim ntawv ntawm tshauv, tuff thiab pumice. Pozzolans yog cov tshuaj ntxhia ntxiv hauv kev tsim cov Portland cement. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no tsis zoo tiv taus cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv kom qhuav thiab kom qhuav, ntxiv rau yaj thiab khov.
- Sulfate tiv taus slag Portland xis mas yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw clinker nrog lub tshuab ua kom tawg rau hauv cov ntawv me me (kwv yees li 50-60%) thiab me me ntawm gypsum. Cov slag siv rau kev tsim khoom yuav tsum muaj qhov txwv tsawg ntawm txhuas oxide (txog li 10-12%). Sulphate-resistant slag Portland cement tau muab qib M300 thiab M400. Nws yog qhov tiv taus rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm sulfates, tab sis nws tsis zam rau te hnyav heev.
- Sulfate-resistant Portland MAAs muaj lub npe M400 … Nws nquag ua kom qeeb ua kom sov thiab tsim kom muaj cua sov tsawg. Nws muaj ntau yam thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus txhua yam kub thiab av noo.
- Nyob rau hauv sulfate-resistant MAAs nrog cov zaub mov kwv yees li 15-20% ntawm tag nrho cov cement sib tov ntawm lub tshuab ua kom tawg slag hauv cov granules lossis 5-10% ntawm cov zaub mov ntxiv. Hom khoom siv hauv tsev no yog tsim nrog M400 thiab M500 hom. Sulfate-resistant MAAs nrog cov ntxhia ntxiv yog qhov zoo rau kev tsim kho ntawm ntau yam txheej txheem, tau nce te tiv taus thiab tiv taus kom muaj dej noo thiab drought.
Thov
Vim yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Portland cov cement, uas tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv tiv taus rau ib puag ncig tsis zoo thiab muaj tshuaj lom sib xyaw ua ke, cov qauv tsim nrog nws siv yog ruaj thiab muaj zog.
Portland MAAs yog siv los tsim cov tshuaj sulfate-resistant, nrog rau cov qauv hauv qab no:
- sulfate-resistant pawg;
- ua vaj tse ntxiv;
- choj txhawb nqa;
- cov qauv hydraulic.
Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau cov tshuaj sulfate-tiv taus kom nkag siab tias nws yog dab tsi. Pawg yog cov pas nrig loj ua los ntawm Portland cement. Lawv daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem thiab tsim kom muaj kev txhawb nqa thaum tsim kho lub hauv paus.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam no cuam tshuam tag nrho kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tsev. Cov pawg raug faus tob hauv av. Lawv tiv taus cov dej noo, nag lossis daus, dej hauv av thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov av npog. Feem ntau lawv tau siv rau kev tsim cov choj loj loj, cov chaw nres tsheb hydraulic thiab cov pas dej.
Sulfate-resistant qhob tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm cov cement zoo tib yam yog tias cov ntxhia ntxiv tau suav nrog hauv cov tshuaj . Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv Portland cement thaum tsim kev sib xyaw rau cov qhob uas muaj cov tshuaj sulfate. Qhov no yuav ua rau muaj zog ntxiv ntawm cov qauv ntawm txhua theem, los ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thoob plaws tag nrho cov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv ua vaj tsev.
Clinker muaj pes tsawg leeg
Clinker yog cov khoom nruab nrab hauv kev tsim cov Portland cement. Nws tau hnov thawj zaug txog xyoo 1817, thaum tus kws kho tshuab Fabkis Louis Vica tsim cov cement clinker. Qhov kev tshawb pom muaj txiaj ntsig tom qab tau pab tsim cov cement dag (Portland cement) xyoo 1840.
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj sulfate suav nrog cov khoom sib tsoo clinker tsim los ntawm cov zaub mov. Hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv, qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm txhua qhov khoom tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Feem ntau, cov khoom tiav muaj 5% aluminate thiab 50% silicate. Qhov sib piv no yog vim qhov tseeb tias twb muaj ntau cov tshuaj sulfate sib xyaw hauv cov av txheej lawv tus kheej thiab nag lossis daus.
Thaum hnov mob nrog aluminate, kev puas tsuaj ntawm sulfates pib thiab, vim li ntawd, deformation ntawm tus qauv nws tus kheej. Vim li no, tsuas yog ib qho me me ntawm qib aluminate yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov Portland cement.
Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm clinker tau cuam tshuam zoo heev tsis yog los ntawm cov khoom siv raw, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev tsim khoom. Thaum cov khoom siv raw raug rho tawm, cov khoom tsis huv tau muab tso rau hauv nws. Qhov xwm txheej no tsim cov qauv hloov pauv ntawm cov qib clinker. Los ntawm qhov kawg, nws yog kev coj ua los txhais cov zaub mov yooj yim: alite thiab belite.
- Alit yog cov ntxhia tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm clinker. Nws tawv tawv sai thiab muaj lub zog siab. Alite yog nquag heev ua ke nrog dej.
- Belit hauv nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nws tsis tshua muaj kev sib piv rau alita. Tsis tas li, nws cov cua sov tso tawm yog ob zaug tsawg dua li ntawm lub ntsiab clinker ntxhia - alite. Belite maj mam ua kom khov thiab yog li muab lub zog siab ntawm cov khoom.
Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov cement clinker yog tricalcium aluminate . Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom no hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm cov cement-resistant cement tsuas yog 5-10%. Qhov ntau dhau ntawm cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem ua rau, raws li tau hais los saum no, sulfate corrosion. Cov txheej txheem no yog fraught nrog qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov pob zeb ua qauv thiab crystallization ntawm ntsev ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Raws li rau qhov ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj zaum kawg, crystallization tawm nws cov cim hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov pom pom nthuav dav ntawm cov pob zeb xis mas hauv ntim. Qee zaum kev cuam tshuam ntawm sulfates ua rau kev tsim cov gypsum, uas tseem pab txhawb kev nthuav dav ntawm pob zeb thiab ua kom cov tsev puas tsuaj tas li.
Qhov ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntawm sulfates ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog tau sau tseg nrog hloov pauv kom qhuav thiab ua kom av noo thiab cov qauv nws tus kheej. Ib qho piv txwv yog qhov hloov pauv tas li ntawm cov dej hauv tus dej. Txhim kho cov pob zeb ua los ntawm cov cement-tiv taus cov cement, thaum lub sij hawm no raug cov dej noo, tau maj mam nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab hnav cov txheej txheem kom txog rau thaum kev puas tsuaj tag.
Thaum xaiv cov cement rau ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo kawm nws cov hauv paus ntsiab lus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog tias txhua hom av tshwj xeeb xav tau hom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cement.
Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau nws?
Kev tau cov cement-resistant cement tuaj yeem ua ob txoj hauv kev:
- ua cov cement mortar nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb ntxiv los ntawm cov tshuaj ntxhia;
- kev siv tshwj xeeb zinc-sulphate cement-sand sib tov tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tsim khoom, uas ruaj khov thiab lav kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov qauv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tag nrho.
Hauv kev tsim cov kev daws teeb meem, qhov tseeb piv ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua raws.
Thaum muaj cov tshuaj ntxhia ntxiv ntau zaus ntau dua li tus txheej txheem, lub zog ntawm kev daws teeb meem tau txo qis, thiab raws li qhov tawg ntawm lub tsev kuj nce ntxiv, vim qhov uas lawv puas tsuaj tshwm sim. Kev daws ntawm sulfate-resistant cement yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai hauv paus ntawm xeev cov qauv.
Kev siv Portland MAAs yog txheej txheem kim, yog li nws tsis siv ntau zaus raws li qhov sib piv yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, sulfate-resistant cement yog qhov yooj yim sib piv hauv nws cov yam ntxwv nrog cov qhob qhob zoo tib yam.
Tom qab tag nrho, kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm Portland cov cement yog ob peb zaug siab dua li cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias nws lub peev xwm tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb ua kom pom tseeb tus nqi siab.
Sulfate-resistant cement txhim khu kev qha tiv thaiv cov tuam tsev thiab cov qauv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm ya raws thiab te, ua kom lub zog ruaj khov. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov qhob cib yooj yim, vim qhov ntawd cov khoom siv hauv tsev yuav nyob ntev dua li ib txwm tshaj tawm lub neej.
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