Pob Zeb Ua Vaj (44 Duab): Nws Yog Dab Tsi Thiab Nws Yog Rau Dab Tsi? Labeling Ntawm Cov Xuab Zeb Qhob Sib Tov Sib Xyaw, Cov Chaw Tsim Khoom Thiab Tsim Khoom, Muaj Pes Tsawg Leeg Th

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-07 13:51

Kab lus piav qhia meej tias nws yog dab tsi - xuab zeb ua vaj tse, thiab nws yog dab tsi. Kev kwv yees kwv yees ntawm cov xuab zeb qhob sib tov tau muab, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom loj thiab cov yam ntxwv tiag tiag ntawm kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw no tau qhia. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas nws cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev thauj mus los.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tam sim ntawd tias lo lus "qhob zeb zeb" feem ntau yog qhov niaj hnub ua. Nws tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tiag tiag, vim hais tias hauv kev coj ua, raws li cov lus, cov khoom sib txawv tau muab zais. Cov av xuab zeb-qhob sib xyaw ua ke yog cov khoom me me ntawm cov nplua-feem ua vaj tse, thiab qhov keeb kwm no txiav txim siab lawv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb, qhov txawv ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab cov yam ntxwv tsim khoom . Lub hauv paus, txawm li cas los xij, ib txwm ua tau zoo Portland MAAs. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov muaj pes tsawg leeg suav nrog cov xuab zeb ntxhib.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem tsis txwv rau cov khoom no . Lwm yam ntxiv kuj tseem xav tau. Qee tus ntawm lawv tau tsim los txhim kho cov yas zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav thiab yog li pab txhawb nws daim ntawv thov. Hauv kev tsim cov qhob xuab zeb, lwm hom tshuaj ntxiv kuj tuaj yeem siv tau. Lawv feem ntau raug xaiv los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij thev naus laus zis, coj los ntawm qhov ua tau ncaj qha hauv qhov no lossis qhov xwm txheej ntawd.

Nws raug tso cai siv pob zeb tsoo nrog ntu hla ntawm 2 cm . Cov pob zeb me me kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv tau (2 cm tsuas yog qhov tso cai siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov pob zeb tawg rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev no). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas cov pob zeb tawg rau qhov sib tov yuav tsum muaj qhov qis tshaj qhov ua tau. Cov txiaj ntsig siab ntawm qhov ntsuas no cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim kho ib txwm muaj thiab ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov qauv ua tiav. Nws yog ib txwm coj los ua kom cov pob zeb ua pob zeb ntau dua li cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.

Vim li no, los ntawm txoj kev, nws xav tau cov cement ntau dua li lawv ua. Tab sis nws muab kev tiv thaiv ntxiv rau ya raws. Cov cuab yeej no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg kho vaj tsev. Tseem ceeb: tsis muaj cov clinker tsoo hauv qhov sib xyaw . Tsis tas yuav siv nws.

Raws li kev hloov pauv, cov pob zeb granite tuaj yeem nkag tau

Cov xuab zeb ua vaj tsev kuj zoo siab vim tias nws tau qhuav sai (muaj qhov ua kom tawv tawv). Ntev npaum li cas nws thiaj qhuav qhuav nyob ntawm:

• los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias;
• dej noo cov ntsiab lus ntawm thawj qhov sib xyaw;
• av noo ib puag ncig;
• tus naj npawb ntawm txheej;
• qhov loj ntawm cov av xuab zeb tseem ceeb;
• topcoat (yog siv).

Kev qhia tshwj xeeb

Nws nyuaj heev los piav qhia cov yam ntxwv no kom raug, yam tsis tau pib los ntawm hom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov xuab zeb ua vaj tse. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau qhov tseeb uas tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg . Tshwj xeeb, qhov tseeb tias cov khoom sib xyaw zoo sib xws rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv thiab sab nrauv ntawm thaj chaw. Hloov pauv qhov feem ntawm cov khoom siv pab kho qhov khoom ntawm cov khoom tiav. Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, cov av xuab zeb yog xim xim - txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv uas tso cai rau koj hloov nws.

Lub sijhawm teem ntawm kev sib tov sib xyaw yog ib txwm 180 feeb . Nws tiv taus cov xwm txheej tsis zoo ob lub sijhawm teeb tsa thiab thaum siv ntxiv. Kev khaws cua sov zoo heev thiab tshem tawm cov suab tsis txaus ntseeg tau lees paub (hauv cov kev ntsuas no, cov xuab zeb ua haujlwm tsawg kawg tsis qis dua li cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas tau siv ntau). Nws yog qhov tsis yooj yim dua los txiav txim qhov ntom ntawm qhov sib xyaw "feem ntau" - thiab tib lub sijhawm qhov hnyav ntawm nws qhov ntim - tsis hais txog pawg varietal.

Qhov nruab nrab, 19-20 kg ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua tiav tau siv rau 1 m2, tab sis ntau qhov kev xav thiab nuances cuam tshuam dua.

Lwm yam ntsuas:

• kev faib ua feem sib txawv ntawm 0.01 txog 0.3 cm;
• qhov xav tau ntxiv dej rau 1 kg ntawm qhov sib xyaw tsis tsawg dua 0.2 thiab tsis ntau dua 0.25 litres;
• lub lauj kaub lub neej ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm kev ua noj thiab tso yog tsawg kawg 120 feeb;
• kev tsim nyog rau kev tsim qauv ntawm lub hau ntej - nyob rau hnub thib 5 tom qab kev suav;
• lub sijhawm ua kom tiav - 28 hnub.

Hom thiab hom

M50 thiab M100

Cov xuab zeb sib xyaw ua ke M50 muaj lwm txoj hauv kev xaiv B-3.5. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog taw qhia tam sim ntawd cov npe tau txawv los ntawm lub zog tshwj xeeb, uas ntsuas hauv kilograms hauv ib square centimeter. Rau M50, tus qauv ntsuas no yog 50 kg, thiab rau M100, feem, 100 kg . Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev thov ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw no yog tshem tawm cov kab nrib pleb thiab kaw ntawm ntau qhov sib dhos sib dhos. Hauv lawv qhov kev tsim khoom, tus nqi ntawm cov cement yog me me, thaum tsis muaj cov kua qaub hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg.

M 150 kuv

Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog masonry sib tov. Tab sis qhov tseeb tias nws tau siv rau kev tso cib tsuas yog ib feem ntawm zaj dab neeg. Cov khoom zoo li no tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua haujlwm plaster. Hauv nws cov khoom lag luam, ntxuav cov dej thiab / lossis cov xuab zeb quartz tau siv, nws qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog 0.08-0.2 cm . Ua tsaug rau nws lub teeb, cov nqi raug txo qis.

M 200 kuv

Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv lub npe ntawm cov xuab zeb ua ke yog kev tsim cov cua sov hauv qab. Nws tseem raug coj mus rau ntau yam haujlwm sab hauv. Cov av xuab zeb tsis siv rau kev npaj M200. Cov txheej txheej yuav tiv taus rau cov teebmeem deformation . Nws tsis ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus siab tshwj xeeb - tau kawg, yog tias koj ua haujlwm raug.

M 300

Cov xuab zeb ua vaj tse ntawm pab pawg no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov yas yas, uas ua rau kom yooj yim ntawm nws siv. Raws li qhov sib xyaw ua ke no, kev txhawb nqa thiab lwm lub tsev muaj zog, tsim vaj tsev lossis tsev tsim khoom feem ntau tsim. Lawv kuj tseem siv:

• hauv kev tsim cov av nplaum nthuav dav;
• rau qhov chaw dig muag ntawm lub tsev;
• thaum nchuav av;
• rau txoj kev - uas yog, nws yuav luag yog kev daws teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb.

M 500 thiab M 400

Lawv lub hom phiaj siv feem ntau yog kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim kho pej xeem. Tab sis kev tsim cov tsev ntiag tug yuav luag ib txwm ua yam tsis muaj nws. Cov kws tshaj lij taw qhia qhov sib npaug meej heev ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb. Nws yuav luag tshem tawm kev kos, uas tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm tshaj lij ntawm qhov chaw loj . Ib qho ntxiv, kev suav ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj yooj yim yog yooj yim heev.

Nrov manufacturers

Cov khoom lag luam ntawm Etalon hom yog xav tau . Lub tuam txhab siv cov cement ntau uas tau faib ua feem thiab ntxiv dag zog rau hauv lub zeb tshwj xeeb. Nws taw qhia tias nws cov khoom tau tsim los tsim cov ntaub nplaum hauv pem teb. Cov khoom tsim nyog rau siv sab hauv tsev thiab sab nraum zoov. Hauv qhov no, tsuas yog kev saib xyuas qhov ntsuas cua zoo yuav tsum tau ua.

Rau kev ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov, "Pob Zeb Paj" zoo dua . Nws muaj cov cement uas muaj me me ntawm txhuas. Cov khoom tiav muaj qhov ua tau zoo heev tiv taus te. Ntsws tau txo qis lossis tsis tuaj kiag li. Cov hom tseem ceeb yog M150 thiab M300.

Tab sis cov khoom los ntawm Rusean kuj zoo. Nws txawv hauv:

• kev tsim nyog rau kev siv ntawm qhov kub tsis zoo;
• kev ntseeg siab;
• lub zog kho tshuab.

Nws txawv li cas ntawm cov pob zeb?

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias yog tias cov yas yas tsis tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb ua ke, tom qab ntawd rau cov xuab zeb ua vaj tse nws yuav luag yog ib feem uas yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov sib txawv kuj siv rau txoj kev sifting. Rau nws, nqa kab sib chaws nrog lub xovtooj uas muaj ntu hla txog 1 cm siab tshaj plaws. Tab sis cov pob zeb ib txwm tau npaj los ntawm kev sib cais los ntawm 2-centimeter cells. Lwm qhov khoom tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb yog tias daim ntawv qhia ua cov xuab zeb ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab tso cai txawm tias tsis muaj kev paub dhau los thiab cov kws kho vajtse ua haujlwm tau zoo.

Ib qho ntxiv, cov xuab zeb sib xyaw ua ke yeej:

• los ntawm lub cev tsis;
• kev pab lub neej;
• ya raws tsis kam;
• tsis kam cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud.

Ntim thiab cia

Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, cov tuam txhab lag luam feem ntau muab cov pob zeb ua hauv cov hnab ntim khoom uas muaj peev xwm ntawm 25 thiab 40 kg. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj pob ntawm 50 kg. Ntxiv mus, nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no lossis lub peev xwm hais txog kev dag lossis tsis zoo. Lub hnab feem ntau yog ua los ntawm 4 txheej ntawv. Ob qho kev sib sau ua ke thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog ua raws li ib qho tseem ceeb xav tau - kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ya raws.

Yog li ntawd, chav nyob uas cov xuab zeb tau muab khaws cia yuav tsum qhuav. Nws yog qhov zoo yog tias tseem muaj huab cua zoo. Qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai kub yog 30 degrees siab dua xoom. Cov ntim nrog cov khoom siv hauv tsev yuav tsum raug kaw kom nruj.

Raws li cov qauv no, lub neej txee feem ntau yog 6 lub hlis.

Yuav siv nws li cas?

Txij thaum pib los, nws tsim nyog txiav txim siab tias cov xuab zeb-pob zeb sib xyaw qhuav tuaj yeem muaj lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb. Yog hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg yog npaj rau tus kheej-leveling pem teb thiab screed, tom qab ntawd nws siv raws li cov plaster tsis yog qhov ncaj ncees . Txawm tias ua ntej sib tov cov tshuaj nrog lub tov khoom, koj yuav tsum ua kom ntseeg tau tias lub hauv paus muaj zog txaus thiab npaj tau zoo. Txawm tias kis kab mob me me, suav nrog kev muaj roj nyob hauv cov txheej txheem, yog qhov tsis lees txais. Ib qho tsis xws luag yuav tsum raug tshem tawm ua ntej, thaj chaw tsis sib xws yuav tsum tau kho, thiab lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo.

Nws yog qhov ua tau los siv cov khoom siv, suav nrog ua cov phab ntsa, tsis siv neeg lossis nrog kev pab ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab . Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau qhia ua ntej los ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm txoj haujlwm tau ua thiab lawv cov nyom. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov tshuaj ua kom muaj tshuaj tua kab mob ua ntej thov cov xuab zeb. Cov nplais feem ntau yog tsim los siv beacons. Lawv tau muab tso rau, qhia los ntawm qib qib lossis qib laser.

Muaj pes tsawg lub Cheebtsam los qhia hauv 1 m3 ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua tiav nyob ntawm nws daim ntawv thov. Xijpeem:

• tom qab tso tawm cov tshuaj, faib nws zoo ib yam li saum npoo;
• ua raws cov txheej txheem nrog "txoj cai", tsom mus rau beacons;
• ua qhov kawg smoothing nrog trowel;
• thaum qhov hnyav hnyav me ntsis, lub beacons raug tshem tawm, thiab qhib cov channel tau saturated nrog cov lus hais daws.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob ziab ntawm txheej txheej thov hauv 48 teev. Feem ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab dawb yog txaus. Tab sis raws li xav tau, cov xuab zeb-pob zeb ua ke tau hnyav heev. Txwv tsis pub, qib sib txawv yuav qhuav sib npaug, thiab yog li ntawd qhov tawg yog qhov yuav tshwm sim.

Cov txheej yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog lub hnub ci ncaj qha, thiab kev ua tiav yog ua tiav yam tsawg kawg ntawm hnub 10.

Kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov xuab zeb ib txwm nqa tawm hauv cov ntim huv . Txog cov txheej txheem no, lawv siv cov dej ntshiab huv ntawm chav sov. Yuav siv kua ntau npaum li cas qhia rau ntawm lub hnab. Tseem ceeb: nws tau pom zoo kom nchuav cov dej sib tov ua tiav, tab sis tsis txhob ntxiv dej rau hauv cov xuab zeb. Kev sib tov nrog lub tov khoom tsuas yog tshwm sim ntawm qhov qis; tom qab ntawd nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom cov tshuaj sawv ntsug li 5 txog 10 feeb thiab thaum kawg sib tov kom huv si dua.

Kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom ntawm cov xuab zeb ua tiav tau ua tsaug rau cov yas yas . Qee tus ntawm lawv ua kom nrawm ntawm qhov sib tov sib xyaw, lwm tus tuaj yeem ua rau nws qeeb. Qee qhov ntxiv yog tsim los muab kev tiv thaiv te. Thiab txawm hais tias kev khaws cia hauv qhov txias yog tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam, nchuav rau hauv pem teb lossis pleev xim rau phab ntsa hauv qhov qis qis tseem tuaj yeem ua tau. Cov tshuaj ntxiv ua npuas ncauj feem ntau tau qhia, vim tias qib cua sov tiv thaiv qib ntawm cov khoom siv nce (ntau lub qhov hws huab cua tshwm hauv nws).

Plastering nrog xuab zeb ua vaj tsev tau xyaum thaum nws tsim nyog rau qib phab ntsa nkhaus. Tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv phab ntsa los ntawm dej thiab txhim kho suab rwb thaiv tsev. Xws li txheej txheej ua haujlwm zoo hauv chav ntub, tsis muaj cua sov. Lawv kuj siv nws ntawm kev ya dav hlau.

Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias cov xuab zeb qhob plaster yog qhov hnyav thiab tuaj yeem tsim qhov hnyav ntawm lub hauv paus . Yog li ntawd, nws tsis haum rau ua haujlwm nrog aerated qhob blocks, roj silicate, thiab lwm yam. Kev npaj saum npoo av tau ua tiav hauv tib txoj kev ib yam li rau lwm cov haujlwm ua plaster. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau siv qib kev daws teeb meem. Nws tau thov cais nyob hauv txhua txheej.

Cov lus pom zoo rau kev ua yog ib txwm muab rau ntawm lub ntim ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.

Tsis hais txog qib kev ua haujlwm peev nyob rau saum npoo, yuav tsum tsis muaj:

• cov cim ntawm cov rog;
• pwm;
• thaj chaw xeb.

Cov phab ntsa du feem ntau yuav tsum tau grooved los txhim kho traction. Ib lub cib rau tib lub hom phiaj tau muab tso rau qhov tob ntawm 10 hli. Sab saum toj ntawm cov cib yog khawb nrog hlau txhuam. Cov hlau txuas hlau raug tshem tawm yog tias ua tau, thiab qhov uas tshem tawm tsis tau yog cais tawm. Cov substrates tsis muaj zog yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog; qee zaum, nrog rau kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab thov siv cov primers, lawv txawm tias xav tau kev txhawb nqa.

Cov tshuaj tsuag tau ua tiav nrog kev daws teeb meem coj mus rau kefir sib xws. Cov txheej no tsis tas yuav ua kom haum. Nws yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom nws tsis qhuav tawm. Pom qhov pom ntawm qhov ci ci, qhov tuab yuav tsum tau siv. Qee zaum priming yog nqa tawm hauv ob txheej; qib peb yuav yog:

• polymer plaster;
• MAAs npog;
• dua, "kefir" daws nrog ntxiv cov xuab zeb zoo.

Txwv tsis pub, lawv mus txog qhov tsim ntawm lub screed. Tau kawg, nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau npaj qhov saum npoo kom raug, txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kab nrib pleb thiab nti. Tab sis txhua qhov xwm txheej, hauv pem teb xav tau kev tiv thaiv dej. Kev nchuav ntau heev ntawm cov xuab zeb ua tiav tau ua raws lub lighthouses. Txhua qhov kev nchuav yuav tsum ua tiav hauv ib qib kom tsis txhob "lo".

Cov tuab tuab, thiab ntau txheej tau ua, ntev cov xuab zeb yuav qhuav . Nws feem ntau ntseeg tias 1 cm qhuav hauv 6-7 hnub ntawm chav sov. Kev siv cov tshuaj ntxiv tuaj yeem txo qis thiab nce lub sijhawm no. Tab sis kev siv hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev ib txhij nrog cov screed ua rau koj siv sijhawm ntau lub sijhawm.

Kom qhuav hauv av tsawg dua, qee zaum nws tau ua tiav hauv ob peb theem hauv txheej; cov ntsuas dej noo pab tswj cov txheej txheem.