Plhaub Pob Zeb (29 Duab): Nws Yog Dab Tsi? Qhov Loj Thiab Qhov Ua Kom Sov Ntawm Lub Pob Zeb, Pob Zeb Pob Zeb Hauv Cov Thoob Dej Yug Ntses Thiab Lub Laj Kab Ua Los Ntawm Cov Vuas, K

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Ntau yam khoom siv tau siv hauv kev tsim kho vaj tsev. Ib ntawm lawv yog pob zeb pob zeb. Niaj hnub no hauv peb tsab xov xwm peb yuav saib nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Plhaub pob zeb (lossis pob zeb pob zeb) yog pob zeb ntuj . Cov khoom tuaj yeem raug cais ua limestone, vim nws tau tsim los ntawm cov ntxhia seem ntawm ntau lub hauv paus chiv keeb. Qhov tseeb, lub pob zeb pob zeb yog cov pob zeb uas seem ntawm cov pob zeb, pob txha pob txha, pob zeb, av xuab zeb thiab lwm yam pob zeb uas tsim los ua ib pob zeb. Nws ntseeg tias cov khoom siv no tau tshwm sim ntau dua 500 lab xyoo dhau los. Txhawm rau kom lub plhaub pob zeb siv rau hauv kev tsim kho, nws tau tsim ua cov blocks tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, cib lossis pobzeb).

Sab nrauv, cov khoom siv zoo li cov limestone loj-ntxeem tau.

Keeb kwm thiab tso nyiaj

Nws ntseeg tias qhov tso nyiaj ntawm cov pob zeb pob zeb rov qab rau Devonian, Carboniferous thiab Jurassic lub sijhawm . Lub hauv paus ntawm pob zeb yog ntuj . Raws li rau qhov tso nyiaj ntawm cov khoom, tom qab ntawd muaj ntau qhov nws tau pom nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam uas nyob rau lub sijhawm puag thaum ub thiab rau lub sijhawm ntev tau npog los ntawm hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv. Tom qab dej thim rov qab, coob leej ntawm cov pob zeb pob zeb tso rau saum lub ntiaj teb. Raws li, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias pob zeb tab tom raug khawb hauv cov ntug dej hiav txwv.

Qhov nto moo tshaj plaws thiab xav tau dav yog Crimean, Rostov, Odessa, Kyrgyz, Azerbaijani thiab Dagestan plhaub pob zeb. Nws nyob ntawm no tias kev ua pob zeb loj loj tau ua tiav.

Yam ntxwv thiab khoom

Zoo li ntau lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev, lub pob zeb ntuj muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb. Nws yuav tsum tau nyob hauv siab tias cov khoom zoo li ob qho tib si zoo thiab tsis zoo. Ua ntej yuav khoom thiab siv cov khoom siv, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo ntsuas txhua qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, xav txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm pob zeb limestone

• Kev huv huv . Tus yam ntxwv no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Vim yog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov pob zeb hauv plhaub, nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim ntau yam txheej txheem, thaum lawv yuav tsis ua mob rau cov neeg nyob hauv lawv.
• Inertia … Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom qhia tias lub pob zeb pob zeb tsis ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj nyob sib ze. Yog li, koj tuaj yeem siv lwm yam khoom siv ua ke nrog lub plhaub pob zeb.
• Kev pab lub neej ntev Heev feem ntau, lub plhaub pob zeb yog siv rau kev ntsib thiab ua kom tiav cov ntaiv, terraces thiab lwm qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no yog vim lub pob zeb tau ntom ntom thiab tawv nyob ntawm nws cov khoom, nws tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub plhaub pob zeb tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias.
• Muaj kev nyab xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg . Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom suav nrog cov khoom xws li iodine thiab ntsev, uas tsis tsuas yog tsis ua mob rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau nws (piv txwv li, ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tshem tawm cov tsos mob ntawm kev ntxhov siab, nce lub zog qib, thiab lwm yam).).
• Kev rho tawm suab nrov … Vim yog cov cuab yeej no, pob zeb pob zeb tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim vaj tsev rau txhua lub hom phiaj.
• Cov txheej txheem yooj yim … Koj tsis xav tau kev paub lossis txuj ci tshwj xeeb rau txheej txheem pob zeb. Cov khoom siv qiv nws tus kheej txawm tias yog tus pib - nws tuaj yeem txiav sai thiab yooj yim txiav rau hauv cov pob zeb ntawm qhov loj koj xav tau (txhua yam koj xav tau yog txhais tes pom). Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov qhov tseeb tias koj tsis tas yuav ua cov txheej txheem ntxiv rau qib sab nrauv ntawm cov khoom. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog cov tshuaj khib.
• Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob . Plhaub pob zeb yog qhov muaj zog thiab txhim khu kev qha tiv thaiv hluav taws xob.
• Cov qauv ntxeem tau . Vim tias muaj cov khoom ntiag tug no, lub plhaub pob zeb yuav tiv thaiv chav ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov ntub. Cov qauv ntxeem tau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob ya raws hauv cov pob zeb.
• Tus nqi pheej yig . Kev siv nyiaj txiag ua rau lub plhaub pob zeb yog cov khoom tsim tau zoo rau yuav luag txhua tus neeg.

Dua li ntawm qhov muaj cov lej zoo, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov tsis zoo uas twb muaj lawm ntawm cov khoom

• Fragility … Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thauj, khaws cia thiab siv pob zeb pob zeb, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas thiab ua tib zoo ua tau. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias nws tawg thiab tawg yooj yim dua thiab yooj yim.
• Muaj peev xwm nqa tau qis . Vim li no, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb thaum siv pob zeb yog tias koj tab tom tsim lub tsev nrog ntau plag tsev. Hauv qhov no, cov neeg tsim khoom feem ntau siv tshwj xeeb armosh, uas yog cov xaim hlau thiab cov cement mortar screed.
• Cov qauv tsis sib xws … Thaum lub sijhawm yuav khoom, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb kom yuav pob zeb los ntawm tib pawg. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias pob zeb pob zeb los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv tuaj yeem muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Yog li, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias qhov zoo nyob deb tshaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom.

Raws li cov qauv uas tau sau tawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv raug cai raws li GOST, cov khoom siv yuav tsum suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• calcium carbonate yog qhov tseem ceeb, nws qhov ntim feem yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 52%;
• magnesium oxide hmoov cuam tshuam rau xim pob zeb, nws cov ntsiab lus hauv pob zeb pob zeb txawv ntawm 1% mus rau 2%;
• cov pa roj carbon dioxide tsim cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntxeem tau ntawm lub plhaub pob zeb thiab ua txog li 40% ntawm tag nrho cov ntim ntawm pob zeb;
• ntxiv impurities (pawg no suav nrog cov thee, hlau, tooj liab thiab lwm yam khoom siv).

Qhov loj me ntawm ib lub pob zeb yog 18 x 38 x 38 cm. Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog nco ntsoov qhov tseeb tias lub plhaub muaj qhov ntxhib los mos. Qhov ntsuas qhov ceev yog 2.1 grams ib cubic centimeter, thiab cov cua sov ua kom sov yog nyob ntawm qib 0.3–0.8 W / m ib K.

Ntau yam thiab hom

Niaj hnub no, cov kws tshaj lij txheeb xyuas ntau yam thiab cov npe ntawm cov pob zeb pob zeb (piv txwv li, grey lossis polished). Lawv txhua tus sib txawv los ntawm ib leeg hauv lawv tus yam ntxwv sab hauv (lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg), ntxiv rau hauv qhov tsos.

Ntau yam khoom siv:

oolitic (cov pob zeb zoo li no muaj coob tus kheej kheej, vim yog qhov uas nws zoo li caviar);

pob zeb hom travertine muaj sedimentary calcite;

ntau yam " Meotis" cov sib txawv hauv qhov kho kom raug ntawm qhov pores, uas zoo li cov zib ntab;

daj lub plhaub pob zeb tsis muaj qhov tsis huv;

yog tias cov khoom muaj cov calcium ntau, ces nws hu ua dawb ;

paj yeeb plhaub pob zeb yog cov khoom siv nrog cov ntsiab lus hlau siab.

Cia peb txiav txim siab ntau ntxiv txog cov npe khoom ntawm cov pob zeb pob zeb

M-15 qib (15 kgf / cm2) . Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam no suav nrog qib qis ntawm lub zog, porosity siab thiab cov ntsiab lus xuab zeb siab (piv rau txiv qaub). Cov xim sab nrauv ntawm cov khoom yog lub teeb daj. Feem ntau, hom khoom no yog siv rau kev tsim cov laj kab thiab cov tsev siv hluav taws xob. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias M15 lub plhaub yog qhov tawg thiab tawg, thiab nws kuj yog qhov hnyav.

M-25 qib (25 kgf / cm2) … Lub npe ntawm pob zeb pob zeb no suav hais tias yog thoob plaws thiab nrov tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov xav tau zoo ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Qhov hnyav hnyav txog 20 kg. Cov khoom siv tau ruaj khov hauv nws cov khoom.

M-35 qib (35 kgf / cm2) . Ntawm txhua lub npe uas tau piav qhia saum toj no, ntau yam no suav tias yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab ruaj khov tshaj plaws, qib ntawm porosity ntawm lub plhaub pob zeb yog qhov tsawg. Cov xim sab nrauv ntawm pob zeb tuaj yeem sib txawv los ntawm grey-dawb rau daj. Qib kawm muaj cov xuab zeb me me (piv rau limestone). Los ntawm qhov hnyav, pob zeb hnyav heev, nws qhov hnyav tuaj yeem ncav cuag 35 kg. Rakushnyak ntawm cov khoom lag luam no yog siv rau kev tsim kho cov hauv paus thiab ntau lub tsev hauv tsev.

Yog li, vim tias muaj ntau qhov ntau ntawm cov pob zeb, txhua tus neeg siv tuaj yeem xaiv rau nws tus kheej xws li cov khoom siv uas yuav ua tau raws li nws tus kheej xav tau thiab xav tau.

Yuav xaiv li cas?

Kev xaiv lub plhaub pob zeb yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo thiab ua lub luag haujlwm kom zoo. Koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov khoom siv hauv tsev ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau qhov kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Ib txoj hauv kev lossis lwm qhov, thaum xaiv cov khoom, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia thiab kev pom zoo ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb.

• Teem caij … Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum xav txog lub hom phiaj uas koj yuav siv pob zeb. Yog li, piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom tsim lub tsev me me (1 lossis 2 plag tsev), tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum xaiv M-25 hom. Kom ntseeg tau thiab ruaj khov dua qub (piv txwv li lub hauv paus), xaiv M-35 hom. Ntau yam M-15 feem ntau siv rau sab hauv sab hauv.
• Tshwm sim … Hauv txheej txheem ntawm kev xaiv thiab yuav pob zeb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub tseeb tias lub pob zeb pob zeb zoo li qub, tsis muaj cov chips lossis lwm yam tsis xws luag. Yog tias muaj ib qho, nws raug nquahu kom thim qhov kev yuav khoom.
• Qhov chaw yuav khoom … Txhawm rau yuav cov khoom siv pob zeb, hu rau cov khw muag khoom kho vajtse tshwj xeeb. Txog kev qhia thiab tswv yim, sab laj nrog tus kws tshaj lij muag khoom tsim nyog.

Ua rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov yam ntxwv saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab ruaj khov uas yuav ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj, ntxiv rau lub sijhawm ntev.

Daim ntawv thov

Feem ntau hais lus, pob zeb pob zeb yog cov khoom siv yuav luag thoob plaws ntiaj teb, vim nws tau siv ntau qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg kev ua si. Cia peb saib qee qhov ntawm lawv.

• Feem ntau, siv lub plhaub pob zeb hauv kev tsim kho teb: piv txwv li, rau kev tsim cov laj kab thiab chav da dej, rau ntsej muag sab hauv sab hauv, thiab lwm yam.
• Qhuav ntses yog nrov ntsib cov khoom … Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias ntau yam ntawm cov khoom zoo nkauj thiab cov khoom siv tes ua tuaj yeem ua los ntawm pob zeb: piv txwv li, pob kws lossis kab.
• Cov kws tsim txuj ci siv cov khoom siv raws li lub rhaub . Pob zeb yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov phab ntsa hauv tsev tau ua los ntawm cov cib.
• Heev feem ntau siv lub plhaub pob zeb hauv toj roob hauv pes tsim . Pob zeb yog siv los tsim ntau yam kev sib xyaw ua kom zoo nkauj.
• Pob zeb tuaj yeem siv tau los kho cov thoob dej yug ntses (rau vaub kib, ntses, qwj) .
• Plhaub pob zeb tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom xws li tyrsa .

Txoj kev no koj tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias pob zeb yog cov khoom siv tsis hloov pauv hauv ntau qhov chaw . Cov kws tsim txuj ci ua tsis tau yog tsis muaj nws. Shellwood yog cov khoom tsim tsev uas muaj ntau yam khoom tshwj xeeb thiab tus yam ntxwv uas txawv nws los ntawm lwm yam khoom siv . Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txhawm rau xaiv cov pob zeb ua tib zoo, txij li muaj ntau ntau yam thiab qib ntawm cov khoom, txhua tus uas tau npaj rau ib lub hom phiaj lossis lwm qhov.

Ib qho ntxiv, ua ntej siv pob zeb, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo txhawm rau nkag siab tias lub pob zeb zoo li cas haum rau koj lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb.