Cov Khoom Siv Lom Rau Tiv Thaiv Cov Nroj Tsuag Los Ntawm Kab Thiab Kab Mob: Xaiv Cov Khoom Siv Lom Los Tua Kab Hauv Vaj Thiab Zaub Zaub

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Nws yog qhov zoo los sau cov zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo los ntawm koj lub xaib, paub tias cov khoom tsim tawm yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab, tau kawg, noj qab haus huv. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tawm tsam rau kev sau qoob loo, ua ntej tshaj plaws, nrog pab tub rog loj ntawm kab tsuag, ntau yam kab thiab kab. Lawv muaj peev xwm tsis tsuas yog ua kom puas tsuaj, tab sis kuj tseem ua kom puas qoob loo cog qoob loo. Yog lawm, koj tuaj yeem "ntaus" cov tub rog no nrog tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb, tab sis koj xav tau cov khoom lag luam ntshiab. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom siv roj ntsha yuav tuaj cawm. Lawv yog dab tsi thiab yuav tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag los ntawm kab tsuag thiab kab mob nrog lawv kev pab yuav tham hauv kab lus no.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Cov khoom lag luam lom yog cov khoom lag luam zoo ib puag ncig niaj hnub tsim los tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag los ntawm kab thiab kab mob. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm kev siv cov kab mob muaj sia lossis cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm muaj sia nyob hauv ntuj uas cov kab mob no ua ke. Feem ntau lawv yog cov nroj tsuag lossis keeb kwm microbiological.

Kev puas tsuaj ntawm kab tsuag tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis mus rau lawv cov hnyuv lossis lub paj hlwb. Hauv thawj daim ntawv, noj cov nplooj uas tau ua tiav, kab tuag los ntawm kev lom. Hauv qhov xwm txheej thib ob, lawv tuag tes tuag taw thiab tuag vim tshaib plab. Kev npaj tshuaj lom neeg muaj qhov dav ntawm qhov ua. Nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj, lawv tau muab faib ua pawg loj hauv qab no:

• biofungicides thiab biobactericides - tshuaj tua kab mob;
• tshuaj tua kab - tshuaj tua kab;
• acaricides - tua zuam;
• bioantibiotics;
• biocomplexes lossis stimulants - lawv suav nrog cov nroj tsuag rho tawm uas muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev loj hlob, paj thiab ripening ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Qee cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv nas thiab slugs . Muaj kev npaj tshuaj lom neeg uas siv los kho cov noob ua ntej cog. Qhov haujlwm no tau ua tiav ob peb hnub ua ntej tawm mus. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua cov noob hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo, zam kev tshav ntuj ncaj qha. Qhov txiaj ntsig yuav zoo siab rau cov neeg cog qoob loo, cov khoom cog cog yuav txawv los ntawm qhov zoo sib xws, tiv thaiv kab mob, muaj kev loj hlob ntau ntxiv, thiab nce kev tsim khoom.

Qee cov nyiaj tau thov rau hauv av . Nws raug nquahu kom ua txoj haujlwm no 5-6 hnub ua ntej cog cov ntoo. Hauv qhov no, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov av tau nce, uas tiv thaiv kab mob pathogenic.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev decomposition ntawm cov organic teeb meem tshwm sim ntawm qhov nrawm dua, cov qauv ntawm cov av txhim kho, yog li ntawd, cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov qoob loo cog ntawm qhov chaw nce.

Ua ntej cog cov yub, nws raug nquahu kom tsuag nws cov hauv paus hniav nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb lom. Kev ua haujlwm zoo li no tau ua tiav 2-3 teev ua ntej cog . Nroj tsuag npaj nyob rau hauv txoj kev no yuav tiv taus kab mob thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua. Cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev txau cov noob cog nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg lom. Kev kho mob tau ua tiav nrog kev ncua ntawm qhov sib txawv sib txawv - los ntawm 0.1 txog 1%. Kev daws yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hnub npaj.

Thaum lub sijhawm ywg dej, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj npaj ua ke nrog dej hauv qab cov hauv paus txheej txheem ntawm cov nroj tsuag . Cov kab mob ntawm cov khoom siv lom yuav pib cuam tshuam nrog av biocenosis, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev tsim kho phytophages.

Qhov no ua rau kev tuag tsis yog tsuas yog cov kab mob microflora, tab sis tseem muaj kab tsuag.

Pros thiab cons

Kev npaj tshuaj lom neeg tau yooj yim vim tias lawv siv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tau txais cov khoom lag luam zoo ib puag ncig. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas ua los ntawm lawv tuaj yeem noj tau ob peb hnub yam tsis muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv. Ib qho ntxiv, lawv tsis ua mob rau ib puag ncig, tua tsuas yog kab tsuag yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov neeg koom nrog hauv biocenosis. Zoo li txhua yam khoom tiv thaiv tsob ntoo, cov khoom siv roj ntsha muaj lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.

Qhov Zoo:

• lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb, muaj pes tsawg leeg siv yog tsis muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu;
• ib puag ncig zoo, txij li lawv tsis ua paug thiab tsis ua kom puas ib puag ncig, qee qhov tsis txaus ntshai rau muv;
• thaum siv kom raug, lawv zoo heev;
• xaiv ua;
• lawv ua txoj hauv kev nyuaj - feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj ib txhij rhuav tshem kab tsuag thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag;
• tuaj yeem siv tau thoob plaws lub caij cog qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo, txawm tias thaum lub paj tawg thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav;
• cov tshuaj tsis ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv kab, uas txhais tau tias tsis tas yuav hloov pauv lawv tas li;
• nws yog kev lag luam yooj yim heev, vim tias cov tshuaj me me tau siv rau ntawm thaj chaw kho.

Qhov tsis zoo suav nrog kev ua haujlwm qeeb ntawm cov khoom lom. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv qhov kev cuam tshuam tsuas yog pib tom qab suav nrog cov saw hlau ntawm cov txheej txheem lom. Ib qho teeb meem tshwj xeeb yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev khaws cia thiab xav tau siv lawv tam sim tom qab npaj, lawv tsis ruaj khov thiab tsis tawg nyob rau hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm tshav ntuj.

Kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam lom tau suav tias yog qhov tsis zoo, vim tias peb tab tom tham txog kev siv cov kab mob me me cais los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ib puag ncig thiab suav nrog hauv cov khoom xa mus.

Cov kev npaj lom no tsis ua txhaum qhov sib npaug ntawm ntuj, tswj nws tus kheej ntawm cov phytophages, cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig.

Saib

Thawj hom khoom siv roj ntsha rau kev tiv thaiv nroj tsuag tau tsim los tiv thaiv phytophages. Tam sim no cov no yog kev npaj ua nyuaj, lawv muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag los ntawm kab tsuag thiab kab mob ntau yam.

Cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog cov pab pawg no

• Avermectins . Cov no yog kev npaj raws li cov co toxins zais cia los ntawm cov kab mob Streptomyces avermitilis. Nrog lawv pab, lawv tua kab, zuam thiab nematodes. Toxins cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb ntawm kab. Albit yog siv los txhawb kev cog qoob loo. Koj tuaj yeem tiv nrog cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob nrog kev pab ntawm "Baktofit". Kev siv "Fitolavin" yuav pab tiv thaiv kab mob rot. "Fitosporin - M" yuav pab tiv thaiv lub vaj thiab lub vaj zaub los ntawm kab mob sib kis thiab kab mob.
• Trichoderma . Txhawm rau tsim lawv, cov khoom pov tseg ntawm Trichoderma fungi tau siv. Cov khoom no tuaj yeem siv los ua ntu ntu ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsau cov noob thiab cov hauv paus txheej txheem ntawm cov yub, thiab tseem siv rau hauv av. Cov tshuaj ua kom puas tsuaj kab mob sib kis. Ib qho ntxiv, cov kab mob ntawm tus neeg sawv cev no nkag mus rau hauv symbiosis nrog lub hauv paus txheej txheem ntawm cov nroj tsuag, txhawb lawv nrog nitrogen. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov ntoo los ntawm fusarium, microsporosis, phytosporosis, anthracnose, hauv paus thiab grey rot, Trichoderma Veride yog qhov tsim nyog. Koj tuaj yeem tawm tsam cov kab mob ua rau kis mob fungal nrog kev pab ntawm "Trichocin" thiab "Trichophlor".
• Cov kab tua kab tua kab . Lawv tau tsim los siv cov kab mob entomopathogenic Bacillus thuringiensis. Cov tshuaj no yog tsim los rhuav tshem kab tsuag los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov kab mob hauv lawv lub plab zom mov thiab ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj. Txhawm rau rhuav tshem lepidoptera thiab lawv cov kab ntsig, kab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, Lepilocid tau siv, thaum Bitoxibacillin tsim nyog los tiv thaiv zuam, lepidoptera thiab larvae ntawm Colorado qos beetle.
• Kab mob fungicides . Cov tshuaj no yog ua raws cov kab mob antagonistic. Cov khoom xyaw nquag yog cov hlwb uas muaj cov kab mob metabolites ntawm cov kab mob Bacillus subtilis. Lawv tau tsim los tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob ntawm tsob ntoo. Txoj kev npaj nyuaj "Albit" yog qhov tsim nyog raws li kev txhawb nqa kev loj hlob. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab mob fungal thiab kab mob ntawm cov qoob loo, siv "Baktofit".
• Kab mob . Pawg no suav nrog cov tshuaj uas ua rau cov kab mob phem xws li Karpovirusin thiab Madex Twin.
• Lwm qhov khoom lag luam lom rau kab yog entomopathogens ntawm nematodes ., uas siv nyob rau hauv lawv qhov kev sib piv ntawm nematodes nrog cov kab mob pathogenic uas tua kab. Cov no suav nrog "Nemabakt"; Antonem - F.
• Cov khoom lag luam lom los ntawm cov nroj tsuag suav nrog rho tawm ntawm koob, barberry, sawv, ginseng . Lawv ua haujlwm li fungicides thiab txhawb kev loj hlob tib lub sijhawm. Ntawm qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog cov tshuaj "Rostok", "Silk", "Fitozont".

Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov khoom siv lom hauv huab cua sov, thaum huab cua kub yuav tsum tsis qis dua 20 degrees . Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias nrog kev nce hauv nws cov nyhuv, cov tshuaj tau nce ob npaug. Ib hnub tom qab nws tau thov, cov khoom lag luam dhau los tsis txaus ntshai rau muv. Lawv yog qhov txaus ntshai rau cov neeg nyob hauv dej, yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tiv nrog lub cev dej.

Txawm hais tias txhua yam khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tsis muaj tshuaj lom rau tib neeg, txawm li cas los xij, menyuam yaus thiab poj niam cev xeeb tub yuav tsum tsis raug tso cai ntawm thaj chaw kho mob.