Qhov Ntev Thiab Qhov Hnyav Ntawm Asbestos-cement Kav: Nrog Txoj Kab Uas Hla Ntawm 100-150 Mm Thiab 200-250 Mm, 300-400 Mm. Puas Muaj Lwm Cov Kav Dej? Sab Nrauv Thiab Sab Hauv Qhov

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-16 04:44

Asbestos cement yeeb nkab, tseem hu ua cov kav xa dej, yog lub tank rau thauj cov kua cement, dej haus, dej pov tseg, roj cua thiab cov pa. Asbestos yog siv los txhim kho nws cov khoom siv dag zog.

Txawm hais tias nws muaj kev tiv thaiv siab rau kev txhim kho corrosion, cov khoom lag luam dhau los ua lub sijhawm, yog li kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm tau tshwm sim ntau thiab ntau zaus . Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cov kav dej tam sim no tau siv los ua lwm txoj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv.

Txuj ntau thiab tsawg

Cov khoom asbestos-cement yog hom tshwj xeeb uas siv asbestos los muab kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej zoo. Cov yeeb nkab tiaj tiaj feem ntau tsis muaj lub zog tensile. Cov tshuaj asbestos ntxiv ua kom muaj zog ntxiv.

Cov yeeb nkab asbestos tau siv feem ntau nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 20th. Xyoo 1970 thiab 1980s, nws tau dhau los siv tsawg dua, feem ntau yog los ntawm kev pheej hmoo kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm uas ua thiab teeb tsa cov yeeb nkab. Plua plav thaum txiav tau txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb.

Raws li GOST, cov khoom lag luam zoo li no yog cov hauv qab no

Khoom	Chav nyob rov.	Txoj cai hla, hli
Ntev	hli	3950	3950	5000	5000	5000	5000
Sab nraum txoj kab uas hla	hli	118	161	215	309	403	508
Sab hauv taub	hli	100	141	189	277	365	456
Phab ntsa tuab	hli		10	13	16	19	26
Crushing load, tsis tsawg	ua kgf	460	400	320	420	500	600
Dabtsi yog khoov load, tsis tsawg	ua kgf	180	400	-	-	-	-
Tus nqi raug sim. hydraulic siab	MPa	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4

Yog tias qhov ntev feem ntau yog 3.95 lossis 5 meters, tom qab ntawd nws nyuaj dua los xaiv cov khoom lag luam los ntawm ntu ntu, vim muaj ntau yam ntxiv:

• 100 thiab 150 mm - txoj kab uas hla no yog qhov zoo tshaj thaum koj xav ua kom muaj cua nkag lossis cov dej nkag rau hauv tsev;
• 200 mm thiab 250 mm - cov khoom siv thaum teeb tsa cov kab network;
• 300 hli - qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kav dej;
• 400 hli - kuj tseem siv thaum teeb tsa dej;
• 500 hli yog ib qhov loj tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau ua hauv kev tsim cov qauv tsim khoom.

Muaj lwm qhov ntau thiab tsawg, yog tias peb tham txog txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov kav dej asbestos hauv hli:

• 110;
• 120;
• 125;
• 130;
• 350;
• 800.

Cov chaw tsim khoom tsim khoom, raws li txoj cai, tag nrho cov khoom siv asbestos-cement. Qhov no suav nrog cov yeeb nkab nqus.

Txhua cov khoom lag luam tau sau npe raws li qhov ua haujlwm siab li cas cov yeeb nkab tuaj yeem tiv taus:

• VT6 - 6 kgf / cm2;
• VT9 - 9 kgf / cm2;
• VT12 - 12 kgf / cm2;
• VT15 - 15 kgf / cm2.

Ib qho ntawm cov kev xav tau tshaj plaws yog cov khoom siv sab nraud rau 100 hli. Cov fiber muaj chrysotile thiab dej.

Txhua lub raj xa dej tiav yog yuav tsum tau xeem, uas txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav yav tom ntej. Lawv raug tsoo thiab ntsuas dej rauj. Ntau lub tuam txhab tsim khoom niaj hnub ua tiav kev ntsuas khoov ntxiv.

Cov kav dej hnyav npaum li cas?

Qhov hnyav ntawm cov yeeb nkab dawb-ntws tuaj yeem pom hauv cov lus hauv qab no

Nominal txoj kab uas hla, hli	Ntev, hli	Qhov hnyav ntawm 1 m yeeb nkab, kg
100	3950	6, 1
150	3950	9, 4
200	5000	17, 8
300	5000	27, 4
400	5000	42, 5
500	5000	53, 8

Siab:

Nominal txoj kab uas hla, hli	Sab hauv taub, hli		Phab ntsa tuab, hli		Ntev, hli	Qhov hnyav ntawm 1 m yeeb nkab, kg
	VT-9	VT-12	VT-9	VT-12		VT-9	VT-12
150	141	135	13, 5	16, 5	3950	15, 2	17, 9
200	196	188	14, 0	18, 0	5000	24, 5	30, 0
300	286	276	19, 0	24, 0	5000	47, 4	57, 9
400	377	363	25, 0	32, 0	5000	81, 8	100, 0
500	466	450	31, 0	39, 0	5000	124, 0	151, 0

Yuav txiav txim siab li cas?

Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntev thaum tsim khoom tuaj yeem tsis ntau tshaj qhov qhia:

Raws li txoj cai txoj kev	Deviations
	nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm lub yeeb nkab	los ntawm phab ntsa tuab	raws qhov ntev ntawm cov yeeb nkab
100	±2, 5	±1, 5	-50, 0
150
200
300	±3, 0	±2, 0
400

Txhawm rau nkag siab seb puas yuav khoom yuav khoom, txhua qhov kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau hais ncaj qha rau daim ntawv lo. Nws muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog lub hom phiaj ntawm cov yeeb nkab yog dab tsi, nws txoj kab uas hla thiab ua raws li tus qauv.

BNT-200 GOST 1839-80 tuaj yeem ua piv txwv . Cov cim no txhais tau tias nws yog cov khoom lag luam uas tsis muaj lub siab nrog txoj kab uas hla 200 hli. Nws tau ua raws li qhov tshwj xeeb GOST.

Yuav xaiv li cas?

Cov kav dej tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ob hom asbestos:

• chrysotile;
• amphibole.

Cov khoom siv nws tus kheej tsis muaj teeb meem, nws tsis yog xov tooj cua, tab sis yog tias koj yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nrog nws, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb. Nws yog cov hmoov av uas ua rau tib neeg muaj kev phom sij tshaj plaws thaum nws nkag mus rau hauv cov pa.

Tau ob peb xyoos dhau los, kev rho tawm cov kua qaub-resistant amphibole asbestos tau raug txwv. Cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv chrysotile muaj kev nyab xeeb, txij li cov fibers raug tshem tawm los ntawm tib neeg lub cev los ntawm ob teev txog 14 hnub.

Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb txij li xyoo 1900 txog rau xyoo 1970, chrysotile asbestos (dawb) feem ntau yog siv hauv cov yeeb nkab rwb thaiv tsev thiab qhwv kom khaws cov cua sov hauv cov cua sov thiab cov dej kub thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob hws ntawm cov kav dej uas tsuas yog dej txias.

Chrysotile yog daim ntawv ua nab nab ntawm asbestos uas ua rau feem ntau ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv ntiaj teb

Chrysotile asbestos kuj tau siv dav ntawm khoov thiab ntawm lub rhaub dej raws li asbestos-zoo li gypsum txheej lossis sib xyaw.

Nws kuj tseem tau siv rau hauv lub ru tsev sab nrauv, cov ntaub qhwv nres, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, thiab hauv daim ntawv ua cov qhwv lossis foob rau cov pa cua.

Crocidolite (xiav asbestos) yog cov khoom siv rau txau insulating txheej txheej ntawm lub rhaub dej, lub tshuab ua pa, thiab qee zaum yog rwb thaiv tsev rau cua sov lossis lwm cov kav dej. Nws yog amphibole (rab koob zoo li fibrous) cov khoom uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai.

Amosite asbestos (asbestos xim av) tau siv rau hauv cov ru tsev thiab ib sab, nrog rau hauv qab nthab zoo dua thiab rwb thaiv tsev cov laug cam lossis vaj huam sib luag . Nws kuj yog ib daim ntawv ntawm amphibole asbestos.

Anthophyllite (grey, ntsuab, lossis dawb asbestos) tsis tau siv dav tab sis pom nyob hauv qee yam khoom rwb thaiv tsev thiab ua cov khoom tsis xav tau hauv talc thiab vermiculite.

Cov tsev tshiab ua tsev tsis muaj cov kav dej asbestos . Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj nyob hauv cov laus.

Thaum yuav khoom vaj tsev, cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum txheeb xyuas cov kev sib txuas lus tam sim no rau qhov muaj cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov khoom no.

Cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev yuav qhia tau seb cov kav dej uas siv hauv cov qauv tau kab nrog asbestos . Nrhiav kev puas tsuaj thaum tshuaj xyuas cov dej thiab cov kav dej. Lawv tso cai rau tus kws tshuaj ntsuam pom cov asbestos fibers hauv cov cement. Yog tias lub raj xa dej tawg, asbestos yuav nkag mus rau hauv dej, ua rau muaj kab mob sib kis.

Thaum xaiv cov khoom lag luam xav tau, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus lej cim. Nws yog nws leej twg qhia txog qhov dav. Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom hloov cov yeeb nkab nrog hom tsis tsim nyog thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo.

Ib txwm, hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam no, lub teb chaws tus qauv GOST 1839-80, ISO 9001-2001, ISO 14001-2005 tau siv

Yog tias koj npaj yuav teeb lub chimney, tom qab ntawd hom tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau siv - qhov cua nkag. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam siab dua, tab sis lawv ua pov thawj lawv tus kheej zoo kawg nkaus.

Qhov zoo yog:

• lub cev hnyav;
• kev huv thiab kev nplij siab;
• kub tsis kam tiv taus;
• tsis muaj kev sib dhos.

Thaum txiav txim siab cov kav dej ua los ntawm asbestos ntawm hom kev txais, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias lawv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev thov yog cov khib nyiab pov tseg, cov hauv paus, kev tso dej thiab cabling.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias yog qee cov kav dej tau siv rau cov kav dej lossis cov kav dej, tom qab ntawd lwm qhov tshwj xeeb rau lub chimney, thiab lawv tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv ib leeg, vim tias qib ntawm lub zog ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev.

Cov khoom uas tsis yog siv lub tshuab nqus dej ntawm tib hom. Qhov kom zoo dua yog kev txuag nyiaj. Lub qhov taub tuaj yeem ua los ntawm kev txiav cov khoom yog tias nws qhov tob me me.

Nws tsis yog qhov yooj yim pom cov tsis-siab asbestos-cement kav thaum teeb tsa cov kav dej phwj tuaj, qhov pov tseg ntws los ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus . Tsis muaj lus nug txog ib qho av paug thaum siv cov khoom ntawd, thiab txhua yam vim tias nws tiv taus cov kab mob me me.

Cov yeeb nkab asbestos tau sib sau ua ke siv qhov txuas tshwj xeeb uas muaj lub tes tsho thiab ob lub nplhaib roj hmab, uas tau sib zog ntawm cov yeeb nkab thiab sab hauv ntawm lub tes tsho.

Qhov sib koom ua ke tsuas yog tiv taus xeb raws li cov yeeb nkab nws tus kheej thiab yoog raws txaus kom tso cai txog 12 ° deflection thaum hla ib puag ncig nkhaus

Asbestos cement yeeb nkab yog qhov hnyav thiab tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke yam tsis xav tau cov kws tshaj lij . Nws tuaj yeem txuas nrog cov khoom siv hlau cam khwb cia. Nws yog qhov yooj yim los txiav, thiab kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm cov yeeb nkab asbestos yog siab.

Thaum yuav cov khoom asbestos, koj yuav tsum paub meej tias yuav tsum tau siv lub raj ntev li cas. Nws nyob ntawm qhov system uas nws yuav tsum tau siv.

Yog tias qhov no yog qhov cua nkag, ua ntej xam qhov ntim ntawm chav muaj . Cov lej ua lej yog siv qhov uas peb qhov ntev ntawm chav tau muab sib npaug.

Tom qab ntawd, siv cov qauv L = n * V, qhov ntim ntawm huab cua pom . Tus lej ua tiav yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau ntau ntxiv ntawm 5.

Nrog cov kav dej, txhua yam sib txawv. Ntawm no, cov txheej txheem nyuaj tau siv los xam, suav nrog tsis yog qhov nrawm uas cov dej txav los ntawm cov kab ke, tab sis kuj yog cov nqes hav hydraulic, muaj qhov ntxhib, qhov taub sab hauv thiab ntau ntxiv.

Yog tias qhov kev xam no tsis muaj rau tus neeg siv, tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem daws teeb meem tuaj yeem ua tau . Cov kav dej tau teeb tsa ntawm lub risers or "lossis 1", 3/8 "lossis ½" yog qhov tsim nyog rau thaiv.

Raws li rau cov kav dej phwj tuaj, rau nws cov qauv yeeb nkab tau txiav txim siab los ntawm SNIP 2.04.01085 . Tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem suav nrog siv cov mis, yog li cov kws tshaj lij tau tsim ntau cov lus pom zoo. Piv txwv li, rau cov kav dej phwj tuaj, siv cov kav dej uas muaj lub taub txog 110 hli lossis ntau dua. Yog tias qhov no yog chav tsev, ces nws yog 100 mm.

Thaum txuas cov kav dej, nws raug tso cai siv cov kav dej nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 4-5 cm.

Qee qhov tsis muaj rau lub chimney . Hauv kev suav, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov siab ntawm lub chimney, qhov ntim ntawm cov roj uas tau npaj yuav hlawv, qhov nrawm ntawm cov pa luam yeeb txav mus rau qhov tawm, nrog rau qhov kub ntawm cov pa.

Nws tsim nyog paub tias nws tsis yooj yim sua tso cov asbestos-cement yeeb nkab rau ntawm lub chimney, qhov uas nws tau npaj tseg tias cov pa kub yuav ntau dua 300 degrees

Yog tias cov txheej txheem tau npaj tseg kom raug, thiab cov khoom lag luam ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov qauv, tom qab ntawd cov asbestos-cement yeeb nkab yuav kav ntev li 20 xyoo, thiab nws yuav tsis xav tau kev saib xyuas.