2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41
Cov yas qhwv tau siv ntau lub lag luam. Cov khoom tau tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th - lub xov tooj tau tsim los ntawm nws hauv 30s, ntim hauv 50s. Niaj hnub no, polyethylene tsis dhau los ua qhov xav tau tsawg. Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav saib yuav ua li cas sau, rov ua dua tshiab thiab pov tseg cov yeeb yaj kiab tau tshwm sim.
Kuv tuaj yeem nqa zaj yeeb yaj kiab qhov twg?
Xws li kev muaj koob npe zoo ntawm cov yas qhwv tau coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias ntau yam khoom ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no tau khaws hauv cov thoob khib nyiab txhua hnub.
Polyethylene ua npuas ncauj tau sau txhua qhov txhia chaw . Cov no tsis yog cov khoom ua yeeb yaj kiab nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog khoom siv hauv tsev thiab ntim khoom.
Canisters, fwj, vials - txhua yam no tau siv dav los ntawm tib neeg hauv lub neej txhua hnub. LDPE, PVC thiab HDPE cov khoom raug pov rau hauv cov thoob khib nyiab txhua hnub. Ntawm tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov khib nyiab uas tsim los ntawm tib neeg, feem ntawm cov pov tseg no yog 10%.
Tab sis tsis yog tsuas yog hauv lub neej txhua hnub puas muaj ib tus neeg siv zaj duab xis. Nws yog dav siv hauv kev tsim khoom ib yam nkaus. Raws li qhov piv txwv, ntim los ntawm cov neeg siv tshuaj lom neeg, tiv thaiv kab mob, kav dej thiab ntau yam ntxiv tuaj yeem hais tawm.
Ntawm cov pov tseg kuj yog kev tsim khoom tsis raug, thiab nws yog kwv yees li 10% ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm.
Vim li cas polyethylene thiaj li nrov? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws pheej yig. Ib qho ntxiv, cov ntim khoom no yooj yim heev, siv tau yooj yim, thiab haum rau khaws cov tshuaj ntawm ntau hom.
Tab sis, zaj duab xis polyethylene muaj qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb - lub sijhawm tawg ntev. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, cov khoom lag luam zoo li decompose hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig tsuas yog hauv 100, lossis txawm tias 200 xyoo . Qhov no qhia tias yog tias koj tsis siv cov thoob khib nyiab li qub, ces tib neeg yuav poob dej sai sai nyob saum roob ntawm yas.
Feem ntau ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab xaus rau hauv peb cov thoob khib nyiab, tom qab ntawd mus rau hauv cov thawv ntim khoom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tsis xaus rau hauv tshwj xeeb npaj ua cov nroj tsuag. Vim li ntawd, ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum cais cov yas los ntawm tej pawg khib nyiab thiab tom qab ntawd ntxuav nws.
Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws tau txiav txim siab ua ntej kev txheeb xyuas txawm tias lub sijhawm tam sim no thaum lub tank pov tseg tsuas yog sau . Ntawd yog, ib tus neeg tau muab pov tam sim ntawv, iav thiab yas rau hauv cov thawv cais. Txoj kev daws teeb meem no yooj yim heev txheej txheem ntawm kev pov tseg tom ntej.
Nws yuav yog qhov zoo los teeb tsa cov khoom tshwj xeeb rau khaws cov khib nyiab hauv nroog. Hmoov tsis zoo, txoj hauv kev no tau siv dav kom deb li deb tsuas yog hauv Tebchaws Europe - hauv peb lub tebchaws tsuas yog hauv qee lub nroog loj.
Yog tias lub txim raug ua haujlwm rau kev txheeb xyuas cov khib nyiab tsis raug, ces cov neeg nyob hauv yuav tsis tub nkeeg - thiab txheeb cov pov tseg raws li nws yuav tsum tau ua. Thiab yog li, hauv ntim, qhov twg yuav tsum muaj zaj duab xis polyethylene, thiab lwm yam yas. Ntau zaus ntau dua, pom cov pov tseg tsis tsim nyog.
Koj tuaj yeem muab PET rau cov tuam txhab uas tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua cov khoom pov tseg
Thiab tseem nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws muaj cov ntsiab lus uas khaws cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab. Lawv lees txais tsis yog yas xwb, tab sis kuj yog hlau thiab ntawv. Tau kawg, koj tsis tuaj yeem khwv tau nyiaj ntau ntawm qhov no, tab sis koj tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej pab txhawm rau tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, yog li txuag tsis yog xwm txheej nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj noog thiab tsiaj, uas tseem raug kev txom nyem los ntawm tib neeg pov tseg.
Ua cov yam ntxwv
Kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm polyethylene, uas muab lub neej thib ob rau cov khib nyiab, yog tag nrho lub voj voog.
Kev faib tawm yog ua tiav ua ntej. Cov khib nyiab tau txheeb tsis yog los ntawm qhov loj me, tab sis kuj yog xim thiab hom . Muaj qhov qis thiab siab siab polyethylene - cov no yog ob pawg sib txawv.
Kev faib tawm yog nqa tawm ob qho tib si ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab ntawm tus kheej. Niaj hnub no, cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb tau tsim uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem no.
Cov khib nyiab yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom huv ua ntej rov siv dua. Kev tu txhais tau tias ntxuav thiab kom qhuav tom ntej.
Cov theem no tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog thaum cov polyethylene pov tseg tau rov ua dua tshiab. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, cov hauv qab no raug siv:
- centrifuges;
- kev sib txhuam sinks;
- Xovxwm
Qee zaum spinning tsis txaus, tom qab siv cua sov kom qhuav.
Siv agglomerators tso cai rau koj zom cov khib nyiab mus rau qhov sib xws sib xws. Hauv qhov no, peb tab tom tham txog lub crusher lossis cov shredder.
Chav tsev thib ob yooj yim daws cov polyethylene, uas lub crusher tsis tuaj yeem lis. Cov xuab zeb, pob zeb thiab lwm yam txawv teb chaws feem cuam tshuam, suav nrog PET, tau sib cais. Hauv qhov kawg, cov khoom sib txawv ntawm LDPE thiab HDPE. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau ua tiav nyias.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cais cov neeg txawv teb chaws tuaj koom nrog qhov siv cov hydrocyclones thiab cov dej da dej.
Tom qab cov khoom tau raug txheeb, ua kom huv thiab tawg, nws raug xa mus rau agglomerator, tom qab ntawd mus rau lub tshuab granulator thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau lub tshuab yas compactor.
Raws li qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev kho no, cov granules lossis cov khoom hu ua qib thib ob cov ntaub ntawv raw tau txais, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov khoom tshiab
Ntau tus niaj hnub no xav kawm yuav ua li cas rov ua cov zaj duab xis polyethylene hauv tsev. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau nthuav qhia qee qhov kev xaiv rau qhov koj tuaj yeem hlawv cov khoom li cas . Lwm qhov yog tias nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov no kom nyab xeeb rau koj tus kheej thiab ib puag ncig, vim tias nyob hauv tus txheej txheem ntau cov khoom tsis zoo raug tso tawm mus rau huab cua.
Yog vim li cas nws yog qhov zoo dua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb tsim cov tuam txhab . Lawv teeb tsa cov cuab yeej kim ntawm lawv thaj chaw thiab muaj daim ntawv tso cai tsim nyog.
Khib hom
Polyethylene yog dab tsi? Nws yog cov khoom lag luam uas tau txais los ntawm polymerization ntawm ethylene.
Nws tsim nyog hais tias cov khoom no tsis tshwm sim hauv qhov, nws yog tsim los ntawm tib neeg.
Nws tuaj yeem tau txais siv txoj hauv kev txhawm rau tawg qee cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov roj lossis dehydrogenation ntawm ethyl cawv thiab ethane.
Rau polymerization, nws yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau kis tus kabmob, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua txhaum ib qho ntawm cov nyiaj sib txuas hauv cov molecule . Cov tshuaj tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev siab, kub thiab catalyst. Kuv ua ke ntau hom polyethylene.
LDPE
Peb tab tom tham txog kev ntom ntom polyethylene siab. Nws yog cov khoom siv pob tshab tag nrog zoo elasticity tab sis lub zog tensile tsawg.
Yog tias koj saib cov molecule, koj yuav pom tias nws muaj ntau ceg . Vim li no, cov qauv crystalline tsis tuaj yeem tsim, thiab cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev ua kua ntawm qhov kub ntawm 103 ° C.
Cov no yog cov khoom ntim khoom ntim rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab, hnab.
HDPE
Qhov no yog qis polyethylene siab. Yog tias koj piv nws nrog cov ntawv dhau los, tom qab ntawd nws muaj zog dua, pom zoo dua. Cov xov muaj tus qauv, thiab tsis muaj ntau ceg.
Txawm tias nyob hauv chav sov, cov khoom siv nyob hauv lub xeev crystalline . Melts ntawm 125 ° C.
Ib qhov zoo yog tiv taus ntau yam tshuaj.
Cov polyethylene no yog siv los ua cov hnab khib nyiab, ntim rau cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov roj, thiab cov kav dej.
PSD
Cov khoom nruab nrab siab muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam li HDPE. Hnab, ntim nrog cov phab ntsa tuab thiab txawm tias zaj duab xis tau tsim los ntawm nws.
LPVD
Nws sawv rau "linear high pressure polyethylene".
Cov ntaub ntawv mos heev nrog zoo elasticity . Ib qho zoo yog qhov ua tsis taus. Tau pleev xim.
Lawv ua laminate, ncab zaj duab xis los ntawm nws.
PEX
Cov khoom siv tsis ntev los no tau tshwm sim hauv khw. Nws yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm HDPE. Nws sawv rau cross-linked polyethylene.
Txhawm rau kom tau txais, cov tshuaj reagents thiab cov hluav taws xob ionizing tau siv . Raws li qhov tshwm sim, hydrogen atoms tau faib tawm los ntawm cov saw polymer.
Qhov no tsim peb lub network uas muaj cov qauv zoo.
Cov khoom siv hauv nqe lus nug muaj lub ntsiab lus yaj siab thiab tuaj yeem ua lub cim xeeb.
Rwb thaiv tsev rau cov hlua, cov kav dej yog ua los ntawm PEX-polyethylene.
Dab tsi yog ua los ntawm pov tseg?
Txawm hais tias polyethylene zaj duab xis tau rov ua dua tshiab, nws yog qhov pheej yig, cov khoom zoo. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom lag luam tshiab uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg.
Lub raj mis thiab lwm lub ntim tau siv los ntim cov khoom lossis cov khoom zoo sib xws
Qhov ua tau granules tuaj yeem siv los ua tshuaj ntxiv rau polyethylene. Nws, nyeg, ua haujlwm raws li cov khoom siv raw rau kev ntim cov ntim loj lossis cov kav dej, uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev sib txuas lus uas tsis muaj qhov siab.
Cov kav dej tso dej, cov vaj hauv vaj hauv tsev thiab cov phiaj hauv av yog tsim los ntawm cov fwj thiab cov kaus poom.
Rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam, cov yeeb yaj kiab ua liaj ua teb thiab ib qho uas tau txais los ntawm tsev neeg pov tseg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws
Tab sis cable winding, zaj duab xis multilayer tuaj yeem ua tiav tsuas yog ntxiv rau kev tsim cov khoom yas.
Txoj hauv kev thiab cov cuab yeej siv los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab polyethylene tau rov ua dua yog nyob ntawm seb hom khoom siv li cas.
Pov tseg
Kev rov ua dua tshiab tsis txhais hais tias ua kom puas tag nrho. Tsis ntev los no, lo lus no tau cuam tshuam nrog kev rov ua dua tshiab, thaum cov khib nyiab muaj txoj hauv kev tau txais lub neej thib ob.
Kev hlawv yas yog txwv tsis pub nruj. Rau kev pov tseg, lwm yam, ntau txoj hauv kev zoo rau ib puag ncig tau siv.
Pyrolysis yog ib txoj hauv kev uas txuag ib puag ncig . Nws cuam tshuam nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm yas los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis siv ib puag ncig tsis muaj oxygen.
Dua li qhov tseeb tias muaj cov txheej txheem zoo rau rov ua dua cov yas, ntau lub thoob khib nyiab tseem nyob hauv qhov chaw pov tseg.
Qhov no yog thaj chaw muaj kev cia siab uas yuav txhim kho qhov xwm txheej ib puag ncig hauv lub tebchaws thiab hauv ntiaj teb no tag nrho . Raws li cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tshwm sim, kev rov ua dua tshiab tau yooj yim dua thiab pheej yig dua. Polyethylene, uas siv sijhawm ntev heev rau kev rhuav tshem hauv ib puag ncig ntuj, tuaj yeem muab pov tseg sai sai ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem tsim los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb.
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