Fibre Qhob: Nws Yog Dab Tsi, Iav Fiber Ntau Ua Vaj Khoom Siv Rau Lub Ntsej Muag, Cov Khoom Siv Vaj Tsev Rau Kho Kom Zoo Nkauj

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41

Kev nce qib thev naus laus zis tau pab tib neeg nrog ntau thiab ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab rau kev tsim kho ua haujlwm. Ntawm qhov kev txhim kho tsis ntev los no ntawm hom no, nws tsim nyog sau cia cov qhob fiber ntau. Nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig kom paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv no txawm tias rau cov uas tsis siv nws - tsuas yog rau kev txhim kho dav dav.

Nqe lus piav qhia

Fibre-reinforced qhob yog ib hom subtype ntawm cov qhob uas tau txhawb nqa thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam uas siv cov xim hlau thiab tsis yog xim hlau suav nrog. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov khoom siv, cov hlau hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon, polyamide, iav, acrylic, polyester, viscose, nylon, thiab basalt tau nquag siv. Lub zog muaj zog tshaj plaws ua los ntawm cov hlau tau dhau los ua qhov xav tau ntau dua li lwm tus, uas tau los ntawm kev txiav cov hlau nrog ntu ntu ntawm 0.1–0.5 hli rau hauv ntu ntawm 10 txog 50 hli. Fiberglass tsuas yog qis dua me ntsis rau nws, uas yog neeg nyiam vim nws cov txuj ci tseem ceeb. Kev siv lwm cov khoom siv hluavtaws pab ua kom cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis zoo dua qub thiab muab cov khoom siv ntau yam yam ntxwv.

Fiber-reinforced qhob piv rau cov pob zeb ua ke:

• zoo dua tiv taus ncab thiab rhuav;
• muaj qhov siab dua elasticity;
• tsis zaum;
• ntau resistant rau tawg;
• tiv taus txias;
• tiv thaiv cov co toxins thiab cov khoom cua;
• me me puas

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub zog thiab yas ntawm cov khoom kuj tseem nyob rau qib uas tsim nyog. Yog tias txheej txheej khov kho raug txiav, cov qauv sib xws yuav pom, uas nkag mus thoob plaws nws cov tuab los ntawm cov xov nyias mus raws qhov xav tau.

Cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem hais ncaj qha, pom cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev suav nrog, yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov piv txwv li cas thiab tau txais raws nraim li cas.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov txuj ci thev naus laus zis, feem ntau tau txais cov xwm txheej, xws li:

• kev sib xyaw ntawm cov pob zeb qub nrog cov fiber ntau siv;
• nruj me ntsis kev faib ua feem ntawm lawv;
• uniform dispersion ntawm fibers nyob rau hauv loj.

Teem caij

Cov khoom siv ua kom muaj zog ua kom muaj zog tau siv dav hauv ntau thaj chaw. Nws pom daim ntawv thov hauv lub hauv paus ntawm skyscrapers, thiab hauv kev tsim kho, thiab hauv kev tsim kho cov qauv hydraulic. Yog tias fiberglass tau ntxiv, cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem siv rau kev tswj suab nrov, ntxuav dej thiab kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv.

Txawm tias cov txheej txheem siv tshuab ntau tshaj plaws siv cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog yuav ua haujlwm 10-20 zaug ntev dua li cov pob zeb pov tseg.

Cornices nyob hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj ua los ntawm cov khoom raws li kev txiav txim siab.

Txhawm rau kom tau txais lawv, siv ntau yam raws li fiberglass siv. Cov kws tshaj lij xaiv cov thev naus laus zis thiab txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv, suav nrog qhov siab ntawm cov qauv thiab nws qhov deb ntawm phab ntsa. Qee zaum cov pob kws tau muab faib ua ob peb ntu nrog qhov siab sib txawv, yog tias kev tshem tawm loj, kev teeb tsa tau ua tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau. Cov phab ntsa tau ua los ntawm 2 txog 4 cm tuab, thiab qhov ntev ntawm ib ntu tuaj yeem yog 70-100 cm.

Rau kev nrawm cov pob kws, siv los, zais lossis sib xyaw ua ke yog siv. Cov kab lus sib txuas ua kom muaj fiber ntau yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo rau cov neeg uas xav saib xyuas tsis yog tsuas yog pom ntawm lub ntsej muag, tab sis kuj ntawm sab hauv ntawm chav. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kab ntawv yuav siv qhov pom pom ntawm lub nra, txo qhov kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm lwm lub tsev. Yog li ntawd, ntxiv rau qhov tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, cov ntsiab lus no tso cai rau kev tsim cov tsev loj. Lawv kuj tseem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntsej muag, txo qhov ua rau tawg.

Saib

Txhawm rau siv cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ntxiv kom raug, koj yuav tsum nkag siab meej txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws tus kheej. Cov piv txwv ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tau txais ua ntej Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tseem tsis tau muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws, thiab yog li ntawd qhov kev sim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kws tshawb fawb tau ua nrog txiav hlau. Fiber niaj hnub no yog tus qauv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv lub xeev tus qauv. Cov hlau txhaws tau muab faib ua pawg thiab pawg yoj, qhov kawg ntawm ntu hauv ob kis no yuav tsum tau khoov.

Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov hlau fiber ntau rau lub thav duab, cov khoom siv raw feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov tshuab tsis huv, ntawm cov tshuab kos duab, dov mills lossis txiav cov cuab yeej. Cov cuab yeej siv tau xaiv nyob ntawm seb txoj kab uas hla fiber ntau tau txais. Cov filaments zoo heev yog ua los ntawm kev hla cov hlau hla qhov hauv pob zeb diamond ntu.

Cov hlau hlau yog lub zog zoo, tab sis nws hnyav. Vim nws lub siab nyiam xeb, cov khoom siv no yuav luag tsis tsim nyog rau lub ntsej muag.

Cov ntxhia fiber ntau tau los ntawm cov pob zeb tawg ntawm cov hluav taws, feem ntau yog basalt. Cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv raw cuam tshuam rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom, nws tiv taus cov khoom siv dag zog, tiv tauj nrog alkalis thiab kua qaub. Basalt fiber ntau tsis tua hluav taws thiab ua rau lub pob zeb uas nws tau ntxiv peb zaug muaj zog dua li cov tshuaj khib nyiab.

Cov tshuaj ntxiv ua los ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke tau siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj:

• ruaj formwork;
• phab ntsa vaj huam sib luag;
• cov ntaub ntawv vaj tsev me me;
• kev npaj cov ciav;
• kev tsim khoom ntawm kev tsim kho tsev;
• moldings nyob rau hauv cornices;
• slabs hauv txoj kev tsim kho.

Fiberglass qhob yog tsim los ntawm rub cov molten iav uas siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Txij li iav yog qhov sib txawv hauv kev sib xyaw thiab tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau yooj yim, cov tsim qauv tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab. Kev txhawb nqa qhov sib cais tau sib sau ua ke hauv cov kab uas tau muab. Cov roj carbon fiber yog tsim los ntawm kev ua cov ntaub ntawv raw nrog cov cua sov tseem ceeb. Cov khoom siv no muaj tus lej ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo:

• tiv taus cov neeg kho tshuab kev nyuaj siab;
• tiv thaiv kab mob txhoj puab heev;
• qis elongation thaum rhuab;
• tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm xeb thiab ua kom zoo nkauj adhesion;
• incombustibility.

Qhov teeb meem nrog carbon filament tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog nws tus nqi siab. Polypropylene fiber ntau pob zeb ua ntau dua ib qho piv txwv yam tsis muaj kev txhawb zog raws li kev poob siab tsis kam. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm ncab thiab zaws tau zam ntau zuj zus. Tsis tas li, polypropylene tsis tiv taus txaus ntawm qhov kub siab, thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo loj ntawm kev yuav khoom ncaj qha cov khoom lag luam zoo. Qhov tseeb yog qhov ntau ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv loj heev, thiab tus kws tshaj lij yuav tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv cov khoom lag luam los ntawm pov tseg los ntawm qhov muag.

Yam ntxwv

Lavxias GOST muab rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau hom fiber ntau siv ua vaj tse. Cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov feem ntawm cov sib xyaw ua ke cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau nws cov txiaj ntsig tsis tau. Yog li, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm fiberglass muab:

• kev nqus tshwj xeeb los ntawm 1700 txog 2250 kg rau 1 cu. m;
• thermal conductivity tsis qis dua 0.52 thiab tsis siab dua 0.75 W / cm2 x ° С;
• khoov lub zog tensile - 210-320 kg rau 1 sq. cm.

Cov khoom no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txo qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom tsim thiab txo nws qhov hnyav. Thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev txo qis thiab ib puag ncig kev phooj ywg zoo nthuav dav qhov chaw thov ntawm cov khoom. Cov qhob fiber ntau yog nrov tshaj plaws qhov tsawg kawg yuav muaj kev tawg thiab yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo heev. Rau hauv pem teb, nws nyuaj nrhiav kev daws teeb meem zoo dua. Lub teeb yuag ntawm cov fiber ntau ntxiv cov qhob thaiv ua kom yooj yim rau lawv siv rau kev ua kom tiav cov tsev nrog cov khoom zoo nkauj ntawm ntau hom.

Qhov sib piv ntawm cov sib xyaw ua ke polystyrene nyob ntawm qhov xav tau ceev. Yog li, yog tias nws yog 200 kg rau 1 cu. m, koj yuav xav tau 100 l, 200 kg ntawm cov cement nws tus kheej thiab 0.84 cubic meters.m ntawm polystyrene crumbled. Tus nqi ntawm cov av nplaum yuav tsis hloov pauv nrog qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom, tsuas yog ntxiv cov dej thiab phau ntawv ntxiv. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau nchuav rau hauv av, thiab siv rau sab hauv daim ntawv.

Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom

Kev tsim cov qhob fiber ntau tau tsim nyob hauv Russia ntawm qib siab. Tsis muaj qhov laj thawj yuam kom nyiam cov khoom lag luam txawv teb chaws. Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj yog coj los ntawm kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom lag luam " 3DBeton ", kuj cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom tsom mus rau hom ROSPAN thiab LTM . Ua tsaug rau cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub thiab cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tshiab tshaj plaws, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov bar uas Nyij Pooj txhawj xeeb teeb tsa hauv ntiaj teb kev lag luam. Kev xaiv ntawm cov tuam ntxhab tuaj yeem ua tau, pib los ntawm kev siv logistics, vim tias nws tsis muaj peev xwm nrhiav pom qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov khoom.

Yuav xaiv li cas?

Cov tsiaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov fiber ntau yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb dua li cov ntawv sau rau ntawm daim ntawv lo. Yog li, yog tias koj xav kom ua tiav lub zog siab tshaj plaws, nws raug nquahu kom yuav cov pob zeb ua ke, qhov twg tau siv cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke nrog fiberglass. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav muaj peev xwm txwv koj tus kheej mus rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tau ntawm phab ntsa tuab, uas txhais tau tias nws yuav tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm hauv paus thiab txo tus nqi ntawm lawv. Daim ntawv qhia piav qhia tseem tso cai ua kom muaj fiber ntau ntxiv ua vaj tsev:

• nyob twj ywm muaj zog nyob rau hauv tawg load;
• khaws lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam tshuaj thiab huab cua puag;
• tsis txhob poob qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm huab cua kub thiab nrog cua sov ntawm lub pob zeb nws tus kheej;
• pheej muaj sia nyob khov thiab yaj tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm poob.

Qhov sib xyaw ua ke no tuaj yeem tiv taus txawm tias lub nra tshwm sim los ntawm kev txav ntawm kev thauj tsheb ciav hlau, thaum lub sij hawm nce thiab nqis ntawm lub dav hlau. Cov iav fiber tso cai rau siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke rau npog lub ntsej muag, rau kev ua tiav cov tsev tsim khoom, uas tsis muaj peev xwm khaws cov av thiab yooj yim ntxuav tawm thaum txhaws. Hlau txhaws yog siv yog tias koj xav tau kho cov plag tsev ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb sab hauv thiab sab nraum zoov, txoj kev saum npoo av, txhawb lub hauv paus. Cov pob zeb uas muaj zog ntxiv tuaj yeem siv tau los tsim cov khoom siv roj av thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam.

Cov khoom sib xyaw raws li polypropylene raug pom zoo rau siv hauv kev tsim cov npuas ua npuas dej, cov av sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov tsev ntawm thaj chaw me me. Ua tsaug rau cov xim sib txawv ntawm cov xim sib xyaw ua kom muaj zog, cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem xaiv qhov zoo li lawv xav tau - txawm tias ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov pob zeb ntuj. Yog tias koj xav tau los ua cov ntawv ntxhib, qee zaum viscose thiab paj rwb tau siv.

Ib qho tseem ceeb: cov pob zeb uas muaj fiber ntau tau kim dua li cov cug yooj yim, yog li koj yuav tsum suav qhov xav tau rau nws kom zoo li sai tau thiab ua tau zoo heev xaiv hom sib xyaw kom haum. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb tsawg: cov neeg paub dhau los ib txwm xav tau cov ntaub ntawv kuaj sim.

Siv rooj plaub

Kev tsim cov khoom siv fiber ntau ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem hydraulic yog qhov ncaj ncees vim tias muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dua ntawm kev ywj pheej, nrawm thiab lub zog tensile tuaj yeem txo kev ntxhov siab hauv txheej txheej.

Raws li kev sim tshuaj, cov cuab yeej siv tau cuam tshuam tsis yog los ntawm hom siv fiber ntau, tab sis kuj yog qhov ntev ntawm cov fibers thiab lawv txoj kab uas hla. Dispersed reinforcement pab ua kom cov khoom siv tau zoo tshaj plaws.

Kev tau txais cov qhob fiber ntau nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes yuav tsum siv ob lub pob zeb ua tov thiab cov khoom sib tsoo. Qhov ntxiv ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab xis mas tam sim tom qab sib tsoo (ntau dua li nplawm) pab kom ua tiav qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov sib xyaw.

Phau ntawv tsim cov khoom siv ua kom muaj fiber ntau txhais tau tias nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj hwm tias tsis muaj qhov ntau ntawm cov fiber ntau hauv qee qhov chaw. Qhov no nws tus kheej ncua cov txheej txheem los tsawg kawg 30% hauv kev sib piv nrog cov txheej txheem kho tshuab. Tab sis yog tias koj ua raws txhua cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, koj tuaj yeem lav qhov ua raws nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam li hauv cov khoom lag luam. Txawm tias rooj tog zaum yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ua kom muaj zog ntxiv - pob zeb countertops, dab dej thiab lwm yam khoom lag luam. Cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov tsim qauv paub yuav tsim cov khoom zoo li cas tiag tiag raws li cov khoom siv no.

Cov piv txwv zoo nkauj hauv sab hauv thiab sab nrauv

Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas ua kom tiav sab hauv ntawm chav tsev nrog cov khoom siv ua kom muaj zog tuaj yeem zoo li. Thaum xub thawj, nws zoo li grey thiab tsis muaj ntawv sau, tab sis thaum koj ua tib zoo saib, nws dhau los ua qhov tseeb - qhov no muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb ntxim nyiam.

Koj tsis tas yuav xaiv cov phiaj xwm tsaus ntuj, cov vuas luaj ntawm lub teeb xim nrog cov paj zoo nkauj nthuav qhia lawv tus kheej ib yam nkaus.

Fiberglass qhob zoo li zoo txawm tias sab nraum cov tsev - ntawm lub ntsej muag no nws zoo nkaus li zoo li ntuj stucco molding ntawm cov qauv qub.

Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tseem tuaj yeem xaj ib phab ntsa ib xim, qhov kho kom zoo nkauj uas tau muab tsuas yog los ntawm kev nplij siab saum npoo av.

Arches thiab kab ntawv pom nyob rau hauv kev tsim qauv ntawm lub tsev facades yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj tshaj plaws. Tab sis cov khoom siv fiber ntau tsis tsuas yog ua kom yooj yim rau lawv cov kev tsim, nws tseem lav tau lub zog thiab kev pab mus sij hawm ntev. Los ntawm txoj kev, txhim khu kev qha railings yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv tib yam. Nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib xyaw ua kom muaj fiber ntau ntxiv, nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov ntoo cog kom zoo sib xws rau Rococo style. Kev tiv thaiv kom ya raws thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tshuab yuav tso cai rau koj kom txaus siab rau kev tsim qauv tau ntev.