2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-15 04:12
Cov yas yas yog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb ntxiv raws li cov polymers. Lawv tau ntxiv rau hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke, pab txhim kho lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg lub zog ua haujlwm thiab nws qhov ua tau zoo. Lawv tau siv hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam thiab thaum kho. Cov neeg sawv cev yas tau tsim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau, lawv muaj cov sib txawv sib txawv, sib txawv hauv lub hom phiaj thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev nqis tes ua.
Nws yog dab tsi thiab nws yog dab tsi rau?
Plasticizing cov tshuaj ntxiv - cov kua los yog hmoov rau cov cement thiab cov pob zeb sib xyaw. Feem ntau ntawm lawv cov kev hloov kho muaj qhov feem pua qis ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, zoo sib xws nrog txhua yam khoom siv hauv tsev . Ntau tus qauv tsis muaj ntxhiab (tshwj tsis yog sulfite-cawv raws kev daws teeb meem).
Kev siv cov yas yas txhim kho kev txav mus los thiab ntws tau ntawm cov cement loj . Cov tshuaj khib ua los ntawm kev siv tshuab ib txwm yog tuab dua. Xws li qhov hnyav tsis yooj yim rau siv. Kev qhia dej ntxiv rau hauv kev daws teeb meem ua rau kom muaj kev txav mus los ntau ntxiv, txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv khov yuav ua rau nkig thiab nquag tawg. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj yas txhim kho cov kua dej ntawm cov cement ntau yam tsis ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom tawv.
Cov yas yas kuj tseem siv rau:
- nce cov nplaum ntawm cov qhob cib ua kom txhawb cov ntsiab lus thiab ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev;
- txo tus naj npawb thiab qhov loj ntawm lub hnab ntim cua hauv cov qauv ua vaj tse, uas feem ntau tsim thaum cov tshuaj hnyav;
- xyuas kom muaj homogeneity ntawm pawg;
- txo qhov ntim ntawm kev siv cov cement ntau txog 20%;
- nce lub zog ntawm cov qauv ua vaj tse;
- txo qis ntawm shrinkage;
- nce lub zog thiab ya raws tsis kam ntawm cov pob zeb;
- txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov pob zeb.
Nws raug nquahu kom ntxiv cov yas ntxiv thaum siv "stale" cement, yog tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txuas ntxiv cov lus ntawm kev siv cov cement ntau.
Tus nqi siab yog los ntawm qhov tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam, uas yog vim li cas tus nqi ntawm cov qhob cib nce . Lwm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj ntxiv yog qhov xav tau los suav qhov raug thaum siv cov khoom sib xyaw. Yog tias ua yuam kev, cov cement ntau yuav tsis ua tau raws cov yam ntxwv tshaj tawm los ntawm cov khw.
Hom kev txheeb xyuas
Cov yas yas rau cov cement tau muab cais raws li ob peb yam. Lawv sib txawv hauv kev sib xyaw, lub hom phiaj thiab tus lej ntawm lwm yam tsis. Txhawm rau xaiv cov khoom haum, koj yuav tsum kawm kom ntxaws txhua hom tshuaj ntxiv uas muab los ntawm cov tuam ntxhab.
Los ntawm kev sib xyaw
Plasticizing additives yog organic thiab inorganic. Qee qhov kev nyab xeeb thiab zoo tshaj plaws rau ib puag ncig ib puag ncig tau txiav txim siab, hauv kev tsim khoom uas siv ntau yam polymers thiab silicones . Cov kev daws teeb meem no tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw, yog li lawv feem ntau ntxiv rau cov cement tsim rau kev tsim kho thiab kho ua haujlwm sab hauv tsev. Kev nqis tes ua ntawm silicone thiab polymer ntxiv yog txhawm rau txhim kho kev txav mus los ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab ua kom cov dej tsis tiv taus zoo ntawm cov pob zeb ua tiav.
Hom yas ntxiv tom ntej yog ua los ntawm cov surfactants . Lawv tau tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem lignosulfonates. Vim yog cov khoom siv no, cov tshuaj ntxiv pab txo kev siv cov cement ntau ntxiv, ua kom khov thiab tiv taus dej.
Hom kawg yog cov tshuaj ntxiv uas suav nrog cov khoom siv polycarboxylate . Xws li cov yas yas raug pom zoo rau siv hauv kev tsim kho ntau yam txheej txheem monolithic loj heev. Cov polycarboxylate muaj pes tsawg leeg pab ua kom lub sijhawm khaws cia ntawm kev ua haujlwm tiav.
Los ntawm kev teem caij
Muaj cov phiaj yas yas nqaim muag. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog mono-additives nrog ib qho khoom.
Nrog ua kom nrawm . Xws li cov yas yas pab ua kom cov txheej txheem dej huv ntawm cov cement slurry. Feem ntau lawv siv thaum sau cov khoom siv dag, pas dej da.
Kev ceev cov tshuaj ntxiv tau pom zoo siv rau qhov kub tsawg.
Retarding yas yas . Cov tshuaj ntxiv no muaj cov khoom siv uas ua rau qeeb tus nqi ntawm cov dej ntawm cov pob zeb ua tiav. Nws raug nquahu kom siv lawv thaum thauj cov kev daws teeb meem mus ntev.
Anti-khov . Cov qauv siv rau lub caij ntuj no. Lawv pab txhawm rau ua kom khov tiv taus ntawm kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm. Ua tsaug rau kev qhia txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntxiv rau hauv cov cement mortar, nws muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm nrog cov pob zeb ua kom sov li -25 degrees thaum tswj hwm cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv ua tiav tiav. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov yas uas suav nrog hauv pab pawg no yog txhawm rau ua kom muaj dej ntau ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav ntawm cov tshuaj.
Huab cua-entraining . Cov yas yas no ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua kom kub qis heev. Ib zaug hauv kev daws teeb meem, lawv ua rau muaj tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv uas muaj kev hloov pauv ntau ntawm cov pa. Cov huab cua uas tsim los tau muab faib sib npaug thoob plaws nws qhov ntim thaum cov sib tov sib xyaw. Cov pob zeb ua kom tawv tawv nrog kev siv cov yas nkag mus rau hauv lub tshuab yas yuav tiv taus kev tawg thaum txias.
Ntxiv rau mono-compositions, cov tuam txhab muab multicomponent superplasticizers … Lawv muaj ntau yam tshuaj nquag, vim tias lawv muaj cov txiaj ntsig sib luag.
Los ntawm lub zog ntawm qhov ua
Cov yas yas tau muab faib ua 4 pawg. Ntawm kev muag khoom muaj cov "tsis muaj zog" ntxiv rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov qauv me me. Lawv tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv organic.
" Nruab Nrab" cov yas yas siv rau lub hauv paus … Lawv muaj lignosulfonates, uas nce kev txav mus los ntawm cov tshuaj tiav. Ua tsaug rau cov yam ntxwv no, lawv pab txhawb kev txhim kho cov dej tsis zoo ntawm lub hauv paus.
" Muaj zog" cov tshuaj ntxiv yog tsim los ntawm acrylates thiab lignosulfates . Lawv nce cov yas ntawm cov pob zeb ua pawg los ntawm P1 txog P4. Pab txhawb kev txhim kho kev sib tshooj ntawm qhov sib xyaw thaum lub sij hawm kev co.
Nws raug nquahu kom siv lawv rau putty, screeds, paving pob zeb, sawb lub hauv paus.
Cov tshuaj ntxiv kuj yog "lub zog loj ". Lawv cov khoom lag luam xav tau sulfuric acid, naphthalene thiab formaldehyde. Cov yas yas raws li cov khoom siv no ua rau cov yas ntxiv rau cov tshuaj P5, tsis tas yuav txo cov yam ntxwv muaj zog ntawm cov khoom tiav.
Khoom nrov
Cov neeg tsim khoom muab ntau yam yas rau cov cement. Hom tshuaj ntxiv hauv qab no tau ua pov thawj lawv tus kheej zoo tshaj plaws.
Sika Sikament BV-3M . Universal plasticizing agent rau ua haujlwm nrog cov cement sib tov. Ua tsaug rau nws siv, cov khoom siv tau raug txo qis, thiab nws qhov zoo dua qub. Cov tshuaj ntxiv muaj nyob rau hauv cov kua ua kua hauv 5 thiab 1 litre canisters.
Superplasticizer Cemmix CemPlast rau plastering saum npoo, rau kev npaj screeds thiab txhim kho cua sov hauv qab. Txhawb kev nce ntxiv hauv kev txav mus los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, txo qis cov nqi zog uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua thiab tso pob zeb ua ke. Cov kua ua kua Cemmix CemPlast tau ntim rau hauv 5 thiab 1 litre yas poom.
" Anti-frost" los ntawm "Plitonit" tuam txhab . Nws yog xim av xim av, chav muaj kev phom sij 4. Kev tsim khoom raws li GOST 12.1.007. Hauv kev tsim khoom, lignosulfonates thiab ntsev ntawm cov kua qaub inorganic tau siv. Cov tshuaj ntxiv tau pom zoo rau kev siv ntawm qhov kub tsis txias tsis qis dua -25 degrees.
Isomat Plastiproof - Cov yas yas dej tsis haum rau kev ua vaj tsev los ntawm cov tuam txhab Greek. Cov kua ua kua raws cov tshuaj ntxiv pab ua kom cov dej tsis sib haum ntawm cov qauv ua tiav thiab cov yas ntawm cov tshuaj khib.
Tau tshaj txhua lub npe ntawm Portland MAAs.
Cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws muab cov yas yas tsis tsuas yog rau cov cement mortars, tab sis kuj rau cov polymer polymer npaj rau:
- casting cov khoom yas thiab PVC;
- tsim cov roj hmab, ntau yam ntaub ntawv;
- tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab, linoleum thiab lwm yam khoom lag luam.
Qhov ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj no pab txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tiav cov khoom, nrog rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo.
Ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj nrov tshaj plaws yog DOP (dioctyl phthalate) . Nws yog tshuaj lom neeg rau polyurethane thiab polyvinyl chloride. DOP yog cov kua muaj kuab lom uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg thaum ua kom sov thiab ua rau cov pa ua kom tawg. Cov khoom yog qib siab tshaj, qib ib thiab qib ob.
Cov yas yas nrov tom ntej yog DBP (dibutyl phthalate) . Nws pab txhawm rau txhim kho qhov ywj pheej ntawm cov casting, uas ua rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom tiav rau ntau hom kev siv tshuab kev nyuaj siab. Cov kua ntxiv yog siv rau cov plooj (porcelain) txias thiab polymers.
Nws tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov xim thiab lwm yam xim thiab kua roj vanish, ntsia thawv kua nplaum.
Nrov yas yas ntxiv rau suav nrog dioctyl adipate (DOA) . Nws yog feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam PVC khoom. Cov khoom tsis muaj tshuaj lom, vim nws tau siv hauv kev tsim qee cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav, zaj duab xis rau ntim khoom noj.
Cov yas yas nrov rau PVC mos suav nrog DINP (diisononyl phthalate) . Nws yog qhov hloov pauv me ntsis. Nws yog cov kua, tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw nrog qhov hws qis.
Ua tsaug rau kev siv cov tshuaj ntxiv, cov tuam ntxhab tsim cov khoom lag luam PVC nrog kev ua kom khov zoo.
Lawv siv qhov twg?
Cov yas yas tau siv hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam rau ua haujlwm sab hauv lossis sab nraum thaj chaw. Lawv tau ntxiv rau pob zeb ua pawg thaum tso ntau hom kev tsim. Thaum siv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb ntxiv, ua kom ntom ntom ntom ntom thiab ua kom muaj zog ruaj khov yam tsis muaj huab cua voids tau txais.
Kev siv cov yas yas muaj feem cuam tshuam hauv ntau yam haujlwm
Rau plastering . Qhov loj yog tsim los ntawm cov cement, txiv qaub, gypsum, dej, muab tub lim thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Cov tshuaj tiav yog hnyav, tuab thiab tsis muaj zog. Nrog rau kev ntxiv cov yas yas, DSP (cov cement-sand sib tov) ua ntau dua "pliable", siv tau yooj yim thiab siv nyiaj txiag raws li kev siv.
Rau paving slabs . Cov khoom lag luam zoo li no tau siv rau paving txoj kev hauv vaj, txoj kev taug kev, chaw ua si hauv toj roob hauv pes, rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj thaj av thiab rau lwm lub hom phiaj. Cov vuas yog ua los ntawm cov cement, xuab zeb, dej, pob zeb.
Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov yas ntxiv tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev txav mus los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis haum rau qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv sai.
Rau grouting . Ua tsaug rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov yas yas rau cov sib tov sib xyaw ua ke, cov pob qij txha tsim los ua rau muaj kev tiv taus ntau dua thiab tsis tshua muaj kev sib kis. Qhov hnyav nrog cov tshuaj ntxiv ua rau muaj kev tiv taus ya raws, nws tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov pwm.
Rau cov nplais nplaum . Cov yas yas ua rau cov neeg siv yooj yim dua los ntawm kev txhim kho nws cov khoom nplaum. Masonry kua nplaum nrog txhim kho cov tshuaj ntxiv tuaj yeem siv rau ntau hom vuas, thaum twg cov khoom siv hauv tsev tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus.
Rau av nplaum txhawm rau txhim kho nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab them nyiaj rau qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm cov av nplaum (piv txwv li, ua kom nrawm, tawg).
Kev ntim cov yas ntxiv feem ntau siv thaum tso cov nplais hauv tsev . Kev siv lawv tso cai rau koj txuag cov khoom siv hauv tsev, kom tau txais lub hauv paus zoo uas tsis muaj lub hnab ntim cua, tawg thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag.
Yuav siv nws li cas?
Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv txhua yam yas yas raws li cov lus qhia los ntawm cov khw. Txwv tsis pub, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm loj lossis npaj daws tau tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo.
Cov lus pom zoo dav dav:
- ua raws nruj nruj ntawm cov khoom xyaw (qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov yas tau qhia los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm pob);
- siv lub ntim huv rau diluting cov tshuaj;
- kev tsim cov huab hwm coj ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub ib puag ncig zoo;
- siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov yas yas;
- yug me nyuam deb ntawm qhov chaw qhib hluav taws.
Ua ntej siv, koj yuav tsum xub dilute cov tshuaj ntxiv hauv dej . Nws tsis pom zoo kom siv cov yas yas uas tas sij hawm. Ua raws li thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj, ntau npaum li cas thiab cov cai rau kev siv cov yas yas ua kom tau txais kev sib xyaw uas yooj yim siv nrog cov txuj ci zoo thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Pom zoo:
Vim Li Cas Cov Neeg Hu Nkauj Xav Tau Lub Mloog Pob Ntseg Thaum Ua Yeeb Yam? Vim Li Cas Cov Neeg Hu Nkauj Nyob Rau Theem Muaj Lub Mloog Pob Ntseg Hauv Lawv Pob Ntseg? Vim Li Cas Cov Kws Ntaus Nkauj Hnav Lub Mloog Pob Ntseg Thaum Ua Yeeb Yam Ntawm Kev Hais Kwv Txhiaj? Lub Mloog Pob Ntseg Xav Tau, Xaiv Thiab Siv
Feem ntau, cov neeg mloog muaj lus nug: vim li cas cov hu nkauj thiaj xav tau lub mloog pob ntseg thaum ua yeeb yam? Vim li cas cov neeg hu nkauj nyob rau theem muaj lub mloog pob ntseg hauv lawv pob ntseg? Yuav siv lawv li cas?
Geotextiles Rau Paving Slabs Thiab Paving Pob Zeb: Hom Substrate Xav Tau Dab Tsi Rau Kev Paving Pob Zeb? Ceev Thiab Siv Tshuab. Yuav Xaiv Nws Li Cas Thiab Nws Yog Rau Dab Tsi?
Geotextiles rau paving slabs thiab paving pob zeb - yam khoom zoo li cas? Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov substrate no yog dab tsi? Thaum twg nws xav tau? Yuav ua li cas nws styling mus? Yuav ua li cas xaiv txoj cai geofabric?
Paving Pob Zeb (61 Daim Duab): Nws Txawv Li Cas Los Ntawm Paving Slabs? Nws Yog Dab Tsi? Ntau Lawm Thiab Hom, Grey, Xim Av Thiab Lwm Yam, Xaiv Ntawm Tag Nrho Cov Chipped Thiab Lwm Yam Paving Pob Zeb
Paving pob zeb: nws yog dab tsi thiab nws txawv li cas ntawm cov paving pob zeb zoo tib yam? Kev siv tshuab ntau lawm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau hom pob zeb paving. Grey, liab lossis ci ntsa iab: yuav ua li cas xaiv cov xim thiab txheej txheem ntawm paving pob zeb rau lub caij ntuj sov nyob thiab lub tsev nyob hauv tebchaws?
Hlau Dabtsi Yog Khoov: CNC Hlau Dabtsi Yog Khoov Tshuab Thiab Lwm Yam Khoom Siv, 3D Dabtsi Yog Khoov Thiab Lwm Yam Kev Xaiv, DIY Phau Ntawv Khoov Ntawm Xaim
Kev khoov hlau yog txheej txheem thev naus laus zis. Yeej, los muab qhov tsim nyog tsim nyog rau cov khoom lag luam, siv lub tshuab hlau dabtsi yog khoov, nrog rau cov cuab yeej CNC thiab lwm yam khoom siv los tsim kev xaiv 2D thiab 3D
Granite Paving Pob Zeb (33 Duab): Paving Nrog Granite Paving Slabs, Chipped Thiab Lwm Yam Paving Pob Zeb, Tso Tshuab, Vuas 100x100x50 Thiab Lwm Qhov Ntau Thiab Tsawg
Granite paving pob zeb - tso khoom. Dab tsi yog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo? Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm chipped thiab lwm yam paving pob zeb? Dab tsi yog thev naus laus zis? Qhov twg paving nrog granite paving slabs siv?
