Jumpers Rau Aerated Qhob Blocks: Uas Yog Qhov Zoo Dua Los Xaiv Rau Txhawb Nqa Hauv Aerated Qhob Phab Ntsa Hauv Tsev, Khoom Siv Thiab Tsim Khoom Los Ntawm Kaum Tsev, Qhov Ntev Thiab

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Cov lus nug ntawm yam lintels zoo li cas (saum lub qhov rais lossis saum qab nthab) thiab thaum lawv tau siv hauv kev tsim lub tsev tsis yooj yim li. Cov neeg tsim tus kheej feem ntau, thaum thaiv qhov qhib ntawm phab ntsa, feem ntau yog siv cov lintels hauv tsev los ntawm ib lub bar, monoliths thiab txhim kho cov qauv ua vaj tsev siv lub ces kaum hlau. Tab sis niaj hnub no, cov tuam txhab loj tsim cov khoom siv ua vaj tsev aerated muab cov kev daws teeb meem uas pab txhawb thiab ua kom nrawm dua ntawm kev tsim kho lub qhov rooj thiab lub qhov rais qhib, thiab qee zaum, tso cai txawm tias zam qhov tsis muaj cov qauv no.

Ntau yam

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, peb yuav xam seb cov lintels raug xaiv li cas rau qhov rai thiab qhov rooj qhib. Qhov no yog txiav txim siab nyob ntawm qhov muaj cov khoom siv thiab qhov ntev ntawm qhov dav uas sib tshooj. Qhov deb tshaj plaws tuaj yeem txuas nrog monolithic reinforced qhob beams … Cov ntawv ua haujlwm ruaj khov rau lawv feem ntau yog ua los ntawm U-shaped blocks ntawm aerated qhob.

Saum toj-hauv av hom kev ua masonry tas li raug rau qhov tseem ceeb ob qho tib si thaum tsim kho cov phab ntsa thiab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntxiv ntawm lub tsev. Raws li txoj cai, txhawm rau faib cov khoom sib npaug, cov khoom txhawb ntxiv tau teeb tsa nrog kev pab los ntawm phab ntsa chasers hauv txoj hauv kev xws li kom ntseeg tau tias cov pas nrig nkag mus rau qhov zawj. Cov tom kawg tau ntim nrog kev daws teeb meem, thiab tus pas nrig tau muab tso rau hauv nws zoo li ib feem ntawm tus pas nrig nrog qhov ntev txog 30 cm tseem nyob sab nraum.

Kev siv cov ces kaum hlau tsis raug tswj nyob rau hauv txhua txoj hauv kev los ntawm GOSTs lossis cov cai rau kev tsim vaj tsev los ntawm aerated qhob, tab sis nws yog nrov ntawm cov neeg tsim kev nyiam ua haujlwm.

Txhawm rau khaws ntau li ntau tau cov peev txheej uas tiv thaiv tshav kub dhau los ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev ua vaj tsev aerated, koj tuaj yeem ua lub lintel hla lub qhov rai lossis lub qhov rooj siv ib qho ntawm cov khoom ua vaj tsev aerated: xws li txhawb nqa aerated qhob lintels D700, lossis monolithic reinforced qhob lintels nyob rau hauv formwork ruaj ua los ntawm aerated qhob.

Yog hais tias lub cellularity ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov qauv ua los ntawm cov pa roj nkev coincides nrog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm lub tsev roj thaiv, ces qhov zoo sib xws no yuav tsis ua rau txo qis hauv cov cua sov muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws yuav tsis tsim nyog ntxiv insulate phab ntsa thiab masonry.

Lwm qhov kev daws teeb meem uas yuav pab tau txuas qhov nrug ntawm 3 m, tej zaum yog kev npaj monolithic reinforced qhob qauv , nrum siv cov qauv uas tsis sib cais los ntawm U-shaped blocks. Lawv lub zog tsuas tuaj yeem ua tsis zoo rau cov qauv xws li monolithic txhawb nqa nqaj nqaj.

Tsis muaj cov txheej txheem tshem tawm yog xav tau rau kev teeb tsa U-block lintels, tab sis kev siv zog xav tau rau kev npaj ntau dua, thiab nws tseem yuav siv sijhawm ntau dua thiab siv zog los tsim cov lintel.

Thaum txhawb nqa tus qauv hauv U-shaped block siv qhov dav txhawb nqa lub tawb (U-blocks nrog qhov ntev ntawm 20 cm hauv qhov dav nrog lub tais muaj qhov dav ntawm 12 cm), nws raug tso cai siv ob txoj hlua txuas ntxiv (sab saud thiab qis dua). Txhua qhov thaiv nrog qhov ntev hauv qhov dav ntawm cov tais los ntawm 15 cm tau txhawb ntxiv nrog plaub qhov txuas ntxiv (2 sab saud thiab 2 sab qis). Hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj kev hloov pauv txuas ntxiv nrog qhov nrug nruab nrab ntawm lawv 40-50 cm.

Yog tias phab ntsa qhib hauv phab ntsa aerated qhob tsis dav dua 1.2 m, thiab qhov xwm txheej rau qhov sib piv ntawm qhov siab mus rau qhov dav ntawm qhov qhib yog 1 txog 2/3, tom qab ntawd qhib tau tuaj yeem teeb tsa yam tsis muaj lintel txhua. Nrog rau qhov kev tsim qauv no, txhua kab tau siv siv daim ntawv ruaj khov ib ntus, siv tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb aerated qhob thaiv cov kua nplaum.

Kev txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los txhawb cov aerated qhob thaiv saum toj no qhib. Ntawm no, nws raug tso cai siv qhov cuab lub zog d6d8 lossis tuab dua, ua rau nws qhov xaus dhau qhov kev kwv yees ntawm cov npoo los ntawm 50 cm, ua kom pom qhov xaus ntawm L-puab lub ces kaum.

Yog tias qhov kev faib ua feem no tsis pom (1 txog 2/3) vim tsis muaj qhov siab, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv lub lintel uas tsis muaj qhov zoo ib yam nrog lub txee cia (yog tias qhib tau tsawg dua 2 m) lossis kaum hlau (yog tias qhov qhib tsawg dua 1.2 m).

Tej zaum kev siv lub ces kaum uas lub txee dav yog tsawg dua li cov tau piav qhia hauv phau ntawv siv (11 cm), lossis kaum ntawm qhov qhib dav dua li 1,2 m. koj ua nws tus kheej, nws yuav nyob ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus tsim.

Cov yam ntxwv uas yuav tsum tau ua hauv siab yog tias nws tau npaj los tsim cov qauv txhawb nqa (lintel) ntawm kev qhib los ntawm cov ces kaum hlau:

• lub kaum hlau yuav tsum tau pleev xim dua xeb ntawm ob sab;
• Hauv qhov no, qhov ntev kawg ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub kaum ntawm aerated qhob yuav tsum yog 20 cm;
• cov ces kaum raug txuas rau ib leeg nrog cov kab xev hlau / cov txheej txheem txuas / cov hlua txuas;
• lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov aerated qhob thaiv dej ntws;
• yog tias muaj phiaj xwm rau plastering phab ntsa yav tom ntej - siv cov yas net los qhwv nws.

Cov cuab yeej ua vaj tsev kho vajtse tso cai rau npog qhov dav tshaj plaws. Qhov kev suav xam yog raws li hauv qab no: 1 txog 20. Kev suav nrog qib siab dua ntawm qhov raug rau saum-lub qhov rais thiab saum lub qhov rooj lintels thiab cov pa thaiv phab ntsa yuav tsum ua raws li Ch. 9 STONAAG 3.1–2013.

Cov vaj huam sib luag ua vaj tsev tau txhawb ntxiv hauv tib txoj kev raws li kev txhawb nqa nqaj nqaj: 4–6 txhawb cov tuav d-12 thiab tuab dua nrog cov thim rov qab txhawb nqa txhua txhua ib nrab ntawm ib lub 'meter'.

Yam tsawg kawg ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov kab ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov qhob aerated yuav tsum yog yam tsawg 35 cm. txheej ntawm cov nplaum rau cov qhob aerated nrog tuab tsawg kawg yog 1, 5 cm.

Cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm ntxiv cov pob zeb ua vaj tse tau muab pov rau hauv cov qauv ruaj khov, tshem tawm lub sijhawm uas tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ntsuas huab cua kub ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem ntawm hom no tuaj yeem sib sib zog nqus mus rau qhov tuab ntawm txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev, uas yuav tsum tau siv los tiv thaiv qhov hu ua khaub thuas txias. "ExtPolis" feem ntau yog glued rau cov qauv ntawm hom no nrog ntu sib txawv nrog cov nplaum sib txawv rau cov aerated blocks thiab tsau nrog disc dowels.

Ib qho ntxiv, qee qhov, nws raug nquahu kom nruab cov khoom uas tsis sib cais siv cov ntawv rwb thaiv tsev cua sov ntawm hom ExtPolis.

Cov yam ntxwv tsim ua rau nws muaj peev xwm xaiv cov kev xaiv rau kev siv thev naus laus zis thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa, qhov ntev ntawm ib feem ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov lintels ntawm phab ntsa aerated qhob, nrog rau cov cai yooj yim rau lawv siv.

Txhawb qhov tob

Qhov ntsuas no, raws li txoj cai, nyob ntawm hom dhia dhia.

• Aerated qhob txhawb nqa qauv nrog txhawb nqa : qhib siab tshaj plaws - 1 m 75 cm, txhawb qhov tob - 25 cm. Tsis tas yuav tsum muaj rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv.
• Load-bearing reinforced qhob lug nrog cov qauv uas tsis sib cais ua los ntawm U-block cov qauv: qhov siab tshaj plaws qhib yog 3 m, qhov tob ntawm kev nqa ntawm cov masonry yog 25 cm. Tsis tas yuav tsum muaj rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv.
• Monolithic txhawb nqa cov pob zeb ua qauv … Yuav tsum sib haum rau qhov ntev ntawm kab teeb - 35 cm. Yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv ntxiv. Kev txhawb zog tau ua tiav - 1 m 20 cm. Kev txhawb nqa tawm los 50 cm dhau qhov ntev ntawm qhov qhib.
• Monolithic non-load-bearing reinforced qhob qauv 200 cm 35 cm : qhov qhib siab tshaj plaws yog 1 m 20 cm, qhov tob ntawm kev nqa ntawm cov masonry yog 20 cm. Yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv ntxiv. Nws yog cov qauv tsis muaj kabmob uas siv lub kaum hlau ua lub hauv paus. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom tob hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov masonry.

Yuav xaiv leej twg?

Txij li cov khoom siv ua vaj tsev hnyav hnyav ntau dua, thiab cov cuab yeej zoo dua li lub nkev thaiv, txhawm rau teeb tsa lub qhov rais thiab lub qhov rooj, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov roj thaiv: lawv sib zog dua, yooj yim rau nruab, thiab lawv kuj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua ntawm lawv cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev zoo.

Subtleties ntawm installation

Cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ua kom ruaj khov ruaj khov vim muaj cov hlau thav duab. Tsis tas li, vim qhov tseeb tias cov lintels tau siv thaum tsim kho cov phab ntsa los ntawm cov pob zeb aerated, qhov zoo tshaj plaws tau txais, uas yuav tom qab ua lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj.

Cov pob zeb zoo li no yog ib txoj kab nqaj ib leeg uas tau txais lub nra ntawm nws tag nrho saum npoo. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws thaum tso cov qhob aerated yog plaub fab ua los ntawm cov hlau, tso kom raug.

Nws tau pom zoo tias cov ces kaum sib tshooj ua cov masonry ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 30 cm.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho lub lintel hlau yog raws li hauv qab no:

• xaiv qhov siab uas xav tau;
• reinforcing tuav tau mounted;
• formwork tau raug teeb tsa;
• ntxiv dag zog rau daim ntawv ua tiav;
• cov pas nrig txhawb zog;
• qhob nchuav cov pas nrig los ntawm kev txhawb nqa tau ua tiav.

Thaum tsim cov masonry hla qhov qhib, nws qhov dav thiab qhov siab yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum xam cov qauv. Yog tias lawv tau teeb tsa raug, qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm tag nrho cov qauv.