2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-07 13:51
Kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog qhov txaus nyiam thiab muaj haujlwm zoo, vim tias cov khoom no ib txwm xav tau. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los npaj tag nrho cov txheej txheem raws li cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis nruj. Muaj plam yam tsawg ib pliag, nws tsis tuaj yeem tau txais ib qho cib zoo tib yam tawm ntawm av nplaum.
Kev yuav khoom ntawm cov khoom siv raw
Thawj kauj ruam yog ib txwm muab cov khoom siv raw rau cov chaw tsim khoom. Kev tshawb nrhiav av nplaum tau ua tiav siv cov txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb geological. Thaum txheej tau pom, cov kws tshaj lij kwv yees lawv cov tuab, cov peev txheej muaj rau kev tsim khoom. Yog tias txiav txim siab siv lub chaw txua txiag zeb tshwj xeeb, thaj chaw tau raug tshem tawm ua ntej (lwm 1-2 xyoos). Nws yuav tsum raug tso tawm ntawm ob tsob ntoo thiab pom tseeb yam tsis tsim nyog.
Feem ntau cov av saum npoo av tau xoob kom yooj yim rau kev khawb av tom ntej. Nyob rau tib theem, kev thauj mus los thiab lub zog loj ua rau txoj haujlwm (thaum tsis muaj kev sib txuas lus tau npaj ua). Av nplaum tau muab rho tawm los ntawm:
- siv cov excavators;
- tsoo pob zeb nrog cov khoom tawg;
- siv cov tshuab me me (tsheb nrau av thiab lwm yam).
Hom khoom
Kev tsim cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov cib cuam tshuam txog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom siv thev naus laus zis ntawm cov khoom, txawm tias peb tab tom tham txog cov khoom lag luam ntawm tib qhov loj me.
Ob chav xuab zeb-txiv qaub cib yog qhov zoo dua li cov nplais pob zeb hais txog kev rwb thaiv tsev, tab sis nws tsis zoo rau nws raws li:
- txias tsis kam;
- thermal stability ntawm lub tsev;
- nqus dej noo.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov cib liab liab ib txwm hloov pauv kom kim dua. Nws cov khoom lag luam xav tau cov cuab yeej kim dua thiab kav ntev dua. Kev siv zog ua haujlwm kuj tseem nce ntxiv, ntxiv rau kev siv hluav taws xob. Tab sis hauv ob qho tib si, cov khoom siv raw mus dhau ob peb theem ua tiav. Ua ntej, cov av nplaum tau npaj, muab nws cov yam ntxwv tsim nyog.
Tom qab ntawd cov nqaij nyoos yog pwm, qhuav. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd los txog sijhawm tua, uas yog, kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb. Txhawm rau ua txoj haujlwm kom raug, pob zeb av nplaum tau muab rau hauv lub tsev ua haujlwm cib tau txheeb raws li GOST 1975.
Qhov no suav nrog:
- cov khoom siv hluav taws xob;
- sintering peev xwm;
- muaj pes tsawg leeg ntxhia;
- cov khoom yas;
- cov neeg kho tshuab kuj nyob rau hauv qhuav mob.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom siv cuam tshuam qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov concentration:
- dej-soluble ntsev;
- txhuas oxide;
- coarse-grained Cheebtsam;
- faib ua faib zoo;
- hlau oxide;
- titanium dioxide;
- dawb silica.
Nta ntawm txheej txheem thev naus laus zis
Cov khoom siv av nplaum uas nyuam qhuav tau nqa los ntawm chaw txua txiag zeb tsis tshua muaj neeg haum rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw, nws yuav tsum tau ua rau lawv huab cua thiab huab cua thiab kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm. Thawj theem cuam tshuam nrog tawm cov av nplaum sib xyaw raws li kev tswj hwm rau 1-2 xyoos. Lub sijhawm no xav tau kom ua kom khov, khov thiab ua kom sov (qee zaum txheej txheem khov thiab ua kom txias tau ua tiav ob peb zaug), rau huab cua. Thaum cov txheej txheem no tiav lawm, kev ua haujlwm tiav.
Nws txhais tau tias:
- ua tib zoo xav-tawm kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv raw;
- zom cov av nplaum, suav nrog kev txawv teb chaws hauv nws;
- tu los ntawm cov khib nyiab loj thiab tsis zoo;
- nplawm cov av nplaum kom du.
Kev npaj thev naus laus zis ntawm cov av nplaum tau ua tiav siv ntau lub tshuab tshwj xeeb. Qee qhov loosen av nplaum, lwm tus zom nws, thiab tseem lwm tus tawg (tshem cov pob zeb ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv). Hauv cov chaw tsim khoom cib, pob thiab cov mills teb, cov av sib xyaw, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke kuj tau siv. Kuj tseem muaj ntau yam khoom siv ntau lawm.
Tab sis lawv muaj peev xwm hloov pauv tsuas yog kev teeb tsa tus kheej, thiab tsis yog tag nrho cov kab tsim khoom.
Yuav ua li cas av nplaum yog pwm
Feem ntau, siv cov txheej txheem yas. Nws tso cai rau koj ua cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm cov yas yas nruab nrab, cov dej noo ntawm qhov uas yog los ntawm 18 txog 28%. Rau lub hom phiaj no, siv cov ntsia hlau siv xovxwm. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov cuab yeej muaj peev xwm ua kom sov cov av nplaum hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev.
Hom kev ua no nce lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv raw.
Kuj tseem muaj txheej txheem nyuaj. Nws tau txiav txim siab tias yog cov khoom me me ntawm cov txheej txheem ua yas. Txoj hauv kev no yog siv rau cov av nplaum sib sib zog nqus nrog cov dej noo ntawm 13 txog 18%. Rau kev ua tawv ntawm av nplaum, siv hydraulic nias. Cov tshuab nrog cov ntsia hlau thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev tuaj yeem siv tau. Nrog ob qho tib si yas thiab nruj txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cib, qhov tsis ua haujlwm loj yuav tsum tau txiav rau hauv daim thaiv tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev ua mould.
Txoj hauv kev ib nrab qhuav kom tau txais qhov seem yog qhov tsawg. Nws tau siv thaum nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua cov khoom siv yas tsis txaus, qhov thiaj li hu ua cov av nplaum. Cov khoom siv raw no muaj cov dej noo ntawm 8 txog 12%. Lub sijhawm ua tiav tag nrho yog txo. Txoj kev qhuav ntawm kev tsim khoom cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov cib los ntawm cov av nplaum nrog cov dej noo ntawm 2 txog 6%.
Nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog kom qhuav nws; los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw, cov khoom lag luam ntom ntom ntom ntom tshaj plaws tuaj yeem tau txais.
Kom qhuav
Ib qho twg, thaum cov cib tau tsim, nws feem ntau yog lub sijhawm kom qhuav lawv. Nyob rau theem no ntawm kev ua, cov dej noo tau txo mus rau 5-6%. Yog tias koj tsis quav ntsej qhov kev xav tau no thiab xa cov khoom ntub ntau ntxiv mus rau lub qhov cub, lawv tuaj yeem tawg thiab txawm tias deform. Kev tsim khoom niaj hnub tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem them taus lub ntuj qhuav ntev. Txhawm rau ua kom cov txheej txheem nrawm dua, siv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws lossis qhov av qhuav.
Thiab txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov txuj ci thiab kev ua lag luam zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom, ntau thiab ntau zaus xaiv kev teeb tsa txuas ntxiv.
Theem kawg ntawm kev ua
Qhov ntsuas kub xav tau rau kev tua cov cib yog tsim los ntawm ntau hom kilns - feem ntau yog qhov av thiab lub nplhaib kilns.
Kev tua hluav taws raug faib ua peb theem me me:
- ua kom sov cov av nplaum npaj;
- qhov kub thiab txias tiag tiag;
- systematic thiab maj mam txo qhov kub.
Hauv thawj theem, cov khoom ua haujlwm tau sov txog 120 degrees. Qhov no ua rau kev nqus dej noo cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Cov khoom ua cov yas tsawg dua. Sai li qhov kub nce mus txog 600 degrees, qhov kev hloov pauv no hloov pauv tsis tau. Cov dej noo uas seem tshuav tawm, thiab cov av nplaum tau txais cov qauv amorphous - tsis ntev cov organic teeb meem yuav hlawv tawm.
Sai li cov cib raug rhaub kom kub txog 800 degrees, cov npoo sab nrauv ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm tau sib koom ua ke ib leeg. Qhov no tso cai rau cov cib ua tiav los ua ntau lub zog. Thaum qhov kub nce mus txog 1000 degrees, nws yog lub sijhawm rau hluav taws kub hnyiab. Cov khoom tiav yog sintered thiab dhau los ua ntom ntom. Yooj yim yaj cov tshuaj, hloov mus ua kua, ntim dab tsi tseem tsis tau yaj - tib lub sijhawm, ntxiv rau txo qhov ntim los ntawm 2-8%, cov khoom siv dag zog ntawm cov cib hlob me ntsis.
Pom zoo:
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