Gypsum Plaster (120 Duab): Uas Yog Qhov Zoo Dua Rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Sab Hauv Thiab Siv Lub Tshuab, Kev Siv Cov Dej Sib Tov Ua Kom Tsis Muaj Dej Noo Rau Chav Ntub

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-09 13:23

Rau kev pleev xim zoo nkauj, nws feem ntau yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj lub tiaj tiaj tiaj ntawm phab ntsa thiab qab nthab. Cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub siv los ntawm gypsum yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov sib xyaw plaster. Ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb, lawv qhov kev thov tsis txwv rau chav nrog cov av noo nruab nrab. Qee hom plasters ntawm gypsum yog tsim rau siv hauv chav dej thiab tsim lub ntsej muag. Thiab qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm lawv siv los ua cov pleev xim zoo nkauj qhib rau lub qab ntuj tshiab rau kev muaj tswv yim.

Peculiarities

Gypsum plaster yog cov khoom siv niaj hnub no uas siv rau kev thov ob qho tib si ntxhib thiab kawg txheej. Yeej, gypsum-based sib tov raug pom zoo rau kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv nrog huab cua qis. Tab sis cov thev naus laus zis tshiab ntxiv thiab qee qhov ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv cov kua nplaum gypsum hauv chav dej, tso quav lossis siv sab nraum zoov.

Cov kev hloov pauv no yog cov ntim puv dawb uas muaj ntau qhov sib txawv thiab cov polymer lossis cov ntxhia ntxiv. Lawv ua cov tshuaj phom sib dua thiab yas ntau dua, thiab tseem txhim kho nws cov nplaum rau ntau qhov chaw. Cov khoom siv gypsum tswj hwm microclimate ntawm chav los ntawm nqus dej noo los ntawm huab cua txias thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab los thaum qhov kub hauv chav nce.

Gypsum plasters yog qhov tsim nyog los kho qhov me me thiab qhov loj me ntawm qhov tsis xws luag thiab siv tau yooj yim.

Kev qhia tshwj xeeb

Hais txog lawv cov yam ntxwv kev ua haujlwm, plasters gypsum sib txawv ntau yam los ntawm cov cement thiab cov kua qaub plaster sib xyaw. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntsuas no feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus, uas yog cov ntxhia ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb - gypsum. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj khib thiab cov txheej txheej tiav yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis ntxiv nyob hauv cov khoom sib xyaw.

Tsis hais tus tsim khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom xyaw, txheej txheej gypsum tiav muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

Ib puag ncig phooj ywg. Cov nplaim ntawm cov khoom tsis tso tawm cov tshuaj muaj teeb meem rau kev noj qab haus huv, txawm tias thaum kub thiab ntub

• Rwb thaiv tsev kub. Cov cua sov ua kom sov ntawm gypsum plaster ntawm qhov ntom ntom ntawm 800 kg ib m3 yog nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 0.23-0.3 W / (m ° C).
• Kev rho tawm suab nrov. Gypsum yog cov khoom siv mos thiab nqus suab nrov sab nraud.
• Dej ua pa permeability. Kev tso cua tawm ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb microclimate hauv chav tau ua tiav los ntawm kev nqus thiab tso dej noo los ntawm cov khoom, nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab huab cua ntawm huab cua.
• Frost tsis kam. Cov tawv tawv tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub ntawm -50 txog + 70 ° C.
• Hydrophilicity. Gypsum nqus dej tau zoo heev. Thaum ntub heev, cov khoom tau txais cov qauv ntawm lub khob noom cookie.

Thaum ua haujlwm, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam huab cua kub los ntawm +5 txog + 30 ° С. Chav yuav tsum muaj cua nkag tau zoo, tab sis cov ntawv yuav tsum raug cais tawm. Kev tshav ntuj ncaj qha rau ntawm cov ntaub ntub dej tuaj yeem ua rau tawg.

Kev siv cov khoom siv rau plastering 1 m2 ntawm cov nplaim nrog txheej ntawm 1 cm thaj tsam ntawm 8 txog 10 kg. Hauv ib kis, koj tuaj yeem thov txheej txheej tshuaj khib txog li 5-6 cm yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntxiv, nrog kev teeb tsa lub mesh ntxiv, nws tau thov txog 8 cm.

Kev teeb tsa cov khoom sib xyaw feem ntau tshwm sim tsis pub dhau 1 teev tom qab thov, saum npoo qhuav tom qab 3 teev, thiab txheej txheem kho tuaj yeem siv sijhawm 7 txog 14 hnub.

Cov neeg tsim khoom muab cov ntawv gypsum hauv cov hmoov qhuav thiab npaj txhij-sib xyaw . Kev xa cov khoom qhuav rau kev npaj daws rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev muag khoom tau nqa tawm hauv cov hnab ntawv, qhov hnyav tag nrho uas tuaj yeem yog 5, 15, 20, 25 thiab 30 kg. Txhawm rau npaj qhov sib xyaw, 2 feem ntawm cov plaster zoo li sib xyaw nrog 1 feem ntawm cov dej. Cov khoom siv ua tiav tau muab rau hauv daim ntawv yas ntim rau hauv 20 litres thoob.

Sib xyaw

Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm gypsum plaster yog aqueous sodium sulfate, uas feem ntau hu ua gypsum lossis alabaster. Cov pob zeb los ntawm cov pob zeb hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb no yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntev ntawm qhov kub siab, thiab tom qab ntawd tsoo mus rau qhov xav tau me me. Qhov me me ntawm cov khoom tau txais, qhov zoo dua qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Cov khoom siv gypsum yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw.

Cov khoom xyaw ntxiv hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim los yog cov khoom cuav muab rau cov khoom siv gypsum raws cov plaster. Lawv ua kom sib tov sib zog, txo cov khoom siv thiab nce lub zog yam ntxwv. Tsis tas li, qhov loj me thiab cov duab ntawm cov muab tub lim muab rau saum npoo sib txawv kev ntxhib los mos. Cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem yog cov av hauv av, nthuav polystyrene, iav ua npuas ncauj, vermiculite thiab perlite.

Lub tuab ntawm txheej txheej kuj tseem nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm lawv cov nplej:

• nplua-grained tau thov hauv txheej nyias los ntawm 8 hli;
• nruab nrab-grained: txheej tuab txog li 5 cm;
• coarse nplej yog siv los ua txheej tuab.

Txog rau cov tshuaj plaster sib tov, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg suav nrog titanium lossis zinc dawb, uas yog hlau ntsev Cov kua txiv qaub, ntxiv rau tshuaj dawb, hloov qee yam ntawm cov tshuaj. Kev teeb tsa cov kua qaub-gypsum plaster tshwm sim tom qab 5 feeb, tom qab 30 feeb cov tawv tawv tawv, thiab lub zog tau txais hauv 1-2 hnub.

Polymer thiab cov ntxhia ntxiv tau siv los ua cov yas yas thiab cov tswj hwm ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa thiab lub sijhawm ua kom sib xyaw. Cov khoom siv no muab cov khoom sib ntxiv ua cov yas thiab txhim kho kev nplaum rau cov chaw kho. Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tsim tawm thev naus laus zis ntawm cov ntsiab lus no tsis tau tshaj tawm rau cov neeg siv khoom vim li cas thiaj ua lag luam.

Qhuav plaster yog diluted nrog dej nkaus xwb, tsis ntxiv cov khoom xyaw ntxiv . Nyob ntawm qhov xav tau sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj, tus nqi dej tuaj yeem hloov kho. Cov kua sib tov yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua tiav lub tiaj tiaj lossis kho kom zoo nkauj. Xws li, nws kis tau yooj yim hla phab ntsa.

Cug tuab yog siv rau qib ntxhib, kaw cov kab nrib pleb, cov chips thiab lub qhov av.

Cov xwm txheej cia

Lub txee lub neej ntawm ib qho ntawm cov ntawv yas gypsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 6 lub hlis txij li hnub tsim khoom. Thaum yuav khoom, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm pob; yuav tsum tsis muaj kev tawg lossis puas rau nws. Kev sib xyaw uas tau tas sijhawm lossis tau nthuav tawm kom ya raws poob tag nrho nws cov yam ntxwv tshaj tawm. Nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom txog thaum du. Kev thov cov kev daws teeb meem no yuav nyuaj lossis tsis yooj yim.

Pros thiab cons

Zoo ib yam li lwm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov ntawv sib xyaw plaster gypsum muaj lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.

Ntawm qhov zoo yog cov hauv qab no:

• Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis nce lub nra ntawm lub hauv paus thiab txo cov nqi zog thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pab txhawb kev sib dhos ntawm qab nthab.
• Vim nws cov yas zoo, nws yooj yim smeared ntawm txhua qhov ntsug thiab kab rov tav, txawm tias nyob hauv ib txheej nyias.
• Nws suav nrog 95% cov khoom xyaw ntuj thiab tsis ua mob rau koj kev noj qab haus huv. Nws tsis tso cov tshuaj lom txawm tias nyob hauv kev sib cuag nrog dej thiab kub siab.
• Lub plaster muaj qhov ua tau zoo rau yuav luag txhua qhov chaw.

• Nws yog tus yam ntxwv ua kom muaj huab cua nkag mus tau zoo, vim qhov dej noo tsis sib sau hauv qab txheej gypsum, thiab huab cua huab cua ncig tshwm sim hauv chav.
• Nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau shrinkage, yog li ntawd, yog tias thev naus laus zis tau ua raws li raug, cov kab nrib pleb tsis tsim rau saum npoo.
• Ua kom tiav hluav taws. Cov khoom siv tsis raug hluav taws kub.
• Rov qab los ntawm nws tus kheej tom qab dej nyab. Yog tias cov neeg nyob ze dej nyab los saum toj saud, tom qab ob peb hnub cov stain yuav qhuav thiab ploj ntawm nws tus kheej.

• Tsis raug rau pwm thiab mildew.
• Koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov nplaim los yog cov nplaim nrog qhov ntxoov ntxoo uas xav tau yam tsis muaj kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntxiv.
• Tsis zoo li cov cement plaster, kev siv gypsum sib xyaw yog 1.5-3 npaug tsawg dua. Yam tsawg kawg txheej tuab rau cov cement yog 20 hli, rau gypsum - 5-10 hli.

Gypsum plaster muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo:

• Nws tsis tiv thaiv los ntawm ya raws. Hauv cov chav ntub thiab nrog ntub dej muaj zog, txheej txheej plaster tuaj yeem raug ntxuav tawm lossis ntog.
• Tsawg feem cuam tshuam. Kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub tshuab yuav ua rau daim tawv nqaij thiab khawb.
• Nyob rau hauv txheej txheej ntawm gypsum plaster, cov hlau muaj qhov ua rau xeb, vim tias gypsum tas li nqus dej noo.
• Txhua txoj haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej kev daws teeb meem pib teeb tsa.
• Tus nqi ntawm gypsum plaster sib tov yog kwv yees li 20% siab dua piv rau cov cement.

Nws txawv li cas ntawm plaster?

Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb tias plaster tau hu ua gypsum, lub npe raug rau nws lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog alabaster. Nws yog cov khoom no uas tau nthuav tawm hauv kev sib xyaw hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hmoov sib tov sib xyaw. Gypsum yog lub npe dav rau pob zeb, los ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog rau tib neeg xav tau tom qab tau txais.

Niaj hnub nimno gypsum plasters sib txawv ntawm cov gypsum zoo ib yam hauv cov khoom ntxiv ntawm kev daws vim muaj cov tshuaj polymer ntxiv thiab ntau yam suav nrog hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Ua tsaug rau lawv, kev ntxhib los mos ntawm qhov chaw, qhov nrawm ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev hloov pauv kom qhuav.

Cov khoom ua yas ntau dua, yooj yim kom haum, tau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv muaj zog.

Saib

Cov neeg tsim khoom feem ntau faib hom gypsum plaster sib xyaw raws li ob qhov ntsuas.

Nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw yuav kho:

• Rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv, pheej yig universal plaster sib tov tau siv.
• Rau kev ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov thiab sab hauv chav uas muaj cov av noo ntau, cov khoom sib xyaw kim dua lossis cov dej noo-resistant gypsum plaster tau siv.

Coj mus rau hauv tus account kev ua tiav ntxiv ntawm thaj chaw ua tiav:

• Pib - ua tiav rau qib phab ntsa thiab tom qab ntawd thov pleev xim rau ntawm lawv.
• Kev ua tiav - ib txhij ua haujlwm raws qib thiab kho kom zoo nkauj txheej.

Thaum xaiv cov plaster, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo nyeem cov lus qhia ntawm cov khw. Feem ntau, nws qhia txog qhov twg uas siv qhov sib xyaw no tau pom zoo, thiab hom kev thov twg yog qhov zoo dua los siv - phau ntawv lossis tshuab. Kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm tsim cov txheej txheem ntau dua thiab txawm tias txheej, tab sis kev ua haujlwm xav tau cov cuab yeej kim tshwj xeeb. Yog tias plaster yog dej-tiv taus, ces qhov no yuav tsum tau qhia meej ntawm pob.

Polymer thiab cov ntxhia pob zeb ua cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj khib lub teeb thiab ywj, yog li yuav luag txhua daim ntawv plasters yog tsim rau cov nplaim ua los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv. Lawv tau npaj rau qib qab nthab, nrog rau ntoo, av nplaum thiab phab ntsa ua vaj tsev. Perlite plaster raws li gypsum yuav pab txo qis kev siv cov khoom, txhim kho nws lub zog thiab cov cua sov rwb thaiv tsev. Gypsum-MAAs plaster tsim txheej ruaj khov ntawm qhov ua tiav tiav, uas yuav ua rau nyias dua li cov cement plaster thiab ua kom qhuav sai dua.

Qhov kev xaiv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm plasters gypsum tau nthuav tawm meej hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib tov qhuav . Tab sis yog tias koj tsis paub meej tias koj yuav tuaj yeem npaj ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov xav tau sib xws, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom ua kom tiav. Txhawm rau pib ua haujlwm nrog cov kev daws teeb meem no, koj tsuas yog xav tau qhib lub thawv. Cov khoom siv no kim dua li cov sib tov qhuav thiab tsuas yog haum rau daim ntawv thov. Nws tsis tuaj yeem diluted nrog dej lossis yas yas, txwv tsis pub nws yuav poob nws cov khoom.

Xim thiab kev ntxhib los mos

Qhov feem ntau ntawm cov gypsum plaster sib xyaw tau nthuav tawm hauv dawb thiab txho, qee zaum muaj xim xiav, paj yeeb lossis daj. Cov xim ntawm cov sib tov ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov gypsum siv hauv kev sib xyaw. Muab thaj tsam raug tsim, qhov hnyav thiab ntxoov tuaj yeem sib txawv heev.

Thaum tsim khoom, pleev xim rau xim pleev xim nrog xim tshwj xeeb , thiab lawv cov xim ntau yam yuav luag tsis muaj qhov txwv. Txog qhov xaiv qhov tseeb ntawm lub suab, nws raug pom zoo kom paub koj tus kheej nrog cov qauv thiab cov ntawv teev npe, uas yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm hauv khw tshwj xeeb. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv Venetian plaster los kho cov phab ntsa. Qhov saum npoo uas zoo li granite lossis marble yog tsim los ntawm kev thov ntau txheej nyias nyias ntawm qhov sib txawv. Tom qab ntawd siv cov ciab tshwj xeeb, uas tsim cov qauv pob zeb du.

Txhawm rau tsim ntau yam ntawv, tshwj xeeb cov kua nplaum tau ntxiv rau hauv cov plaster gypsum: pob zeb me me, mica, xuab zeb, paj rwb thiab ntoo fibers, hauv av cib. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog ua cov ntoo lossis pob zeb saum npoo av, tab sis tseem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm velvet lossis tawv. Stylization ntawm phab ntsa "zoo li lub cib" thiab tsim cov qauv yog ua los ntawm kev siv cov menyuam tshwj xeeb zoo nkauj thiab cov thwj cim. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tes, xws li txhuam lossis hnab yas.

Qhov twg yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv?

Yog li ntawd tom qab ua tiav chav nrog plaster, qhov zoo ntawm txheej tsis poob siab, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv uas ua tau raws li GOST. Qhov tsis ntawm plasters gypsum rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv tau piav qhia hauv GOST 31377-2008.

Qhuav:

• cov dej noo ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 0.3% ntawm tag nrho cov pawg;
• qhov hnyav ntawm 1 m3 hauv daim ntawv xoob - 800-1100 kg, hauv daim ntawv nias - 1250-1450 kg.

Hauv kev daws:

• kev siv dej rau 1 kg ntawm qhov sib tov yuav tsum yog nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 600-650 ml;
• teem sijhawm rau daim ntawv thov - 45 feeb, rau daim ntawv thov tshuab - 90 feeb;
• kev siv ib 1 m2 nrog txheej 1 cm rau daim ntawv thov siv - 8, 5-10 kg, rau tshuab thov - 7, 5-9 kg;
• khaws cov dej noo yam tsis poob - 90%.

Tiav saum npoo:

• lub zog sib zog - 2.5 MPa;
• quab yuam quab yuam nrog lwm qhov chaw - 0.3 MPa;
• ntom ib m3 - 950 kg;
• vapor permeability - 0, 11-0, 14 mg / (mh · Pa);
• thermal conductivity - 0.25-0.3 W / (m ° C);
• shrinkage tsis tau tso cai.

Rau kev kho saum npoo av, muaj qhov tshwj xeeb SNiP 3.04.01-87. Cov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo ib yam ntawm daim ntawv thov cov plaster thiab nws cov ntsiab lus noo noo. Kev sib txawv ntawm kab rov tav thiab ntsug ntawm 1 meter raug tso cai tsis pub dhau 1-3 hli, thiab rau tag nrho qhov siab ntawm chav-5-15 hli. Yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 2-3 qhov tsis xwm yeem ntawm 4 m2, thiab lawv qhov tob tau txwv rau 2-5 hli.

Cov dej noo siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub hauv paus yog 8%.

Rau chav ntub, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov plaster uas cov chaw tsim khoom pom zoo rau lub hom phiaj no . Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ib txwm tsis haum rau kev ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw zoo li no. Txhawm rau muab cov txheej txheej tiv taus ya raws ntxiv, qhov tob tob nkag mus rau hauv lossis acrylic-based qhob kev sib cuag tau thov rau nws. Rau tib lub hom phiaj, koj tuaj yeem siv mastic waterproofing. Cov sib xyaw zoo li no yuav tsum tau siv hauv ob peb txheej ntawm qhov chaw qhuav tag.

Ua ntej thaum kawg txiav txim siab xaiv cov plaster sib tov, koj ua ntej yuav tsum tau nyeem cov kev tshuaj xyuas txog ntau lub tuam txhab tsim khoom thiab cov khoom sib xyaw. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog hauv cov khw tshwj xeeb, thiab thaum yuav khoom nws tau pom zoo kom sab laj nrog kws tshaj lij.

Daim ntawv thov

Gypsum plaster feem ntau yog siv hauv chav nrog cov av qis. Kev sib xyaw yog qhov zoo rau chav pw, chaw zov me nyuam thiab chav nyob, vim nws tsis siv tshuaj uas tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem rau kev noj qab haus huv. Thaum xub thawj, cov tshuaj khib nyiab gypsum tau npaj rau qib phab ntsa rau phab ntsa thiab pleev xim. Lawv yooj yim rau kev sib khi cov phab ntsa ntub dej.

Txhawm rau kom tau txais txawm tias txheej zoo, cov plaster tau kis thoob plaws saum npoo hauv txheej tuab. Kev ntsuas qib yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws raws li txoj cai, tab sis yog tias nws tsis tuaj, koj tuaj yeem siv lub tshuab raj. Cov phab ntsa tau sib dhos los ntawm hauv qab mus rau sab saum toj, ua ke ua qhov txav txav txoj cai mus rau sab laug thiab sab xis. Thaum ua haujlwm ntawm lub qab nthab, txoj cai raug rub tawm.

Ib txheej ntawm gypsum tuaj yeem ntab, yog li nws yuav tsum tau rub ib ntus thiab nce qib.

Tom qab 20-30 feeb tom qab thov, koj yuav tsum txiav tawm qhov sib tov ntau dhau raws li txoj cai thiab tshem tawm qhov tsis sib xws nrog spatula . Tom qab li 1 teev, yog tias txheej tsis deformed los ntawm cov ntiv tes, nws yuav tsum tau moistened nrog dej lossis primer. Thaum cov nplaim ua npub, txhuam nws hauv cov lus tsa suab nrog cov hlau nplaum lossis yas ntab. Cug tshaj yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntawm cov grater thaum grouting. Tom qab ntawd nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom du tag nrho txheej ntawm plaster nrog spatula.

Nws raug nquahu kom rov ua dua cov tshuaj tom qab lwm 5-6 teev. Tom qab ntawd, saum npoo yog txhuam nrog spatula lossis tshwj xeeb trowel. Cov kev ua no yog txhawm rau ua kom txheej zoo txawm tias thiab kaw qhov hws loj. Cov nplaim zoo li no tsis tas yuav muab tshuaj txhuam, thiab ua ntej pleev xim thiab siv lwm yam txheej txheej zoo nkauj, nws yuav txaus los kho nws nrog cov tshuaj pleev xim.

Txog txoj hauv kev siv tshuab, siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb uas kim, uas, yog tias tsim nyog, tuaj yeem xauj tau. Lub plaster gypsum yog sib xyaw hauv lub ntim thiab muab los ntawm lub qhov dej. Hauv qhov no, cov txheej txheej tau thov nrog kev sib tshooj, qib tau ua tiav hauv tib txoj kev ib yam li nrog phau ntawv qhia. Txoj kev kho no tsim kom muaj txheej zoo ib yam, uas muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov txheej txheej.

Muab xam los

Qhov nruab nrab, kev siv cov khoom siv rau 1 cm ntawm txheej plaster yog 8-10 kg.

Nws ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov ntsuas hauv qab no:

• chaw tsim tshuaj paus thiab yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib tov;
• tus kheej ntawm qhov chaw;
• txheej tuab.

Txhawm rau txiav txim siab txheej txheej twg uas xav tau, koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov thaiv ntawm phab ntsa ntawm 3-5 cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua sab. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ib txoj hlua raug rub hauv qab nthab ntawm tib qib, thiab ntau txoj hlua raug rub los ntawm nws nruj me ntsis ntsug ntawm qhov sib nrug deb ntawm ib leeg. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm txhua txoj hlua mus rau ntawm phab ntsa: qhov tsawg tshaj plaws yuav qhia qhov taw tes tshaj plaws, thiab qhov loj tshaj yuav qhia txog qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj.

Tom qab ntawd qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev ncua no tau suav thiab qhov txiaj ntsig tau muab faib los ntawm 2. Qhov no yuav yog txheej txheej tuab. Tus nqi no tau ntxiv rau qhov tuab ntawm txheej ntxiv ntawm tsawg kawg 3 hli thiab 10-15% rau qhov tshwj tseg.

Yog li, nrog rau phab ntsa thaiv ntawm 3 cm rau 1 m2, yuav xav tau li 2 kg ntawm qhov sib tov.

Yuav ua li cas npaj gypsum mortar?

Kev tsim tus kheej ntawm kev daws teeb meem los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua kom qhuav yuav tsum ua kom nruj raws li cov chaw tsim khoom qhia.

Kuj tseem muaj cov lus qhia dav dav uas haum rau yuav luag txhua tus qauv:

• Hauv ib lub taub ntim nrog 1 liv dej, qhov kub uas yuav tsum nyob ntawm thaj tsam 20-25 ° C, koj yuav tsum tau nchuav 2 kg ntawm cov sib tov qhuav.
• Sib tov kom zoo nrog cov khoom siv sib tov lossis cov laum nrog lub taub tshwj xeeb. Raws li qhov chaw kawg, kev sib xyaw me me ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog spatula lossis trowel;
• Tawm qhov kev daws rau 3-4 feeb kom tau txais lub zog thiab yas. Ntxiv nws ntxiv. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum tsis txhob ntws los ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab muaj cov qog.

Txhua txoj kev npaj rau kev npaj cov khoom sib tov yuav tsum ua tiav hauv lub thawv huv thiab cov cuab yeej huv. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom xyaw rau txhua qhov kev pabcuam tshiab yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo ntsuas, vim qhov sib txawv hauv kev sib xyaw tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo.

Muaj cov zaub mov txawv rau ua cov gypsum-based plaster koj tus kheej:

• Rau 4 ntu ntawm gypsum, ntxiv 1 feem ntawm sawdust thiab 1 feem ntawm cov nplais nplaum.
• Hauv 1 feem ntawm gypsum, 3 ntu ntawm chalk tau ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hmoov nrog cov feem me me thiab cov kua nplaum ntoo hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 5% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw.
• Ib feem ntawm gypsum tau tsau rau hauv dej ua ntej thiab sib xyaw nrog 1 feem ntawm cov kua txiv qaub.

Hauv thawj ob daim ntawv qhia zaub mov, cov khoom sib xyaw qhuav yog thawj zaug sib xyaw, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd lawv tau diluted nrog dej rau qhov xav tau sib xws. Kev sib tov yog nqa tawm hauv ob theem nrog so ntawm 3-4 feeb. Ntau yam yas tuaj yeem ntxiv rau cov khoom sib xyaw. PVA kua nplaum ntxiv rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 1% ntawm tag nrho qhov hnyav, nws tau tso cai siv tartaric lossis citric acid thiab cov yas tshwj xeeb.

Txiv qaub kuj tseem muab cov tshuaj yas yas thiab ua kom lub sijhawm teeb tsa thiab qhuav.

Yuav ua li cas kom qhuav?

Kev ziab ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum tshwm sim ib txwm muaj. Chav yuav tsum tsis muaj cov cua ntsawj ntshab thiab cov khoom siv cua sov ua haujlwm, huab cua xav tau yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua +5 thiab tsis siab tshaj + 25 ° С. Tsis txhob tso ncaj qha tshav ntuj los tsoo txheej. Tsis txhob ua kom qhuav nrog rab phom cua sov lossis lwm yam khoom siv cua sov.

Tom qab 3-7 hnub, chav yuav tsum tau ua kom huv si kom tshem tau cov dej noo los ntawm txheej txheej plaster. Lub plaster yuav qhuav tag thiab tau txais lub zog tsuas yog tom qab 1-2 lub lis piam. Qhov saum npoo tiav yuav tsum du thiab lub teeb. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem lo cov vuas lossis cov ntawv ntsa rau nws. Thiab cov ntsiab lus noo noo ntawm txheej rau tha xim yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1%.

Yuav pleev xim li cas?

Ntau hom kev pleev xim yog tsim rau pleev xim rau phab ntsa thiab qab nthab hla cov plaster gypsum: roj, nplaum, acrylic, yas thiab xim pleev xim raws dej. Hais txog kev muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov yam ntxwv, qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau gypsum yog dej emulsion vim nws cov qauv ntxeem tau. Tsuas yog cov xim uas tsis tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm qhov chaw gypsum yog cov xim txiv qaub.

Thaum siv cov roj thiab cov xim pleev xim acrylic, qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau kho nrog txhuam txhuam hlau tsis hnyav kom tau txais qhov ua tiav ntxhib. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom cov xim pleev xim tau zoo rau cov plaster thiab tsis tev tawm ntawm phab ntsa tom qab ziab.

Ua ntej pleev xim, koj yuav tsum ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntsiab lus noo noo ntawm gypsum plaster tsis tshaj 1% . Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov ntsuas no, siv lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb - lub ntsuas dej noo. Yog tias qhov chaw ua tau raws li txhua qhov yuav tsum tau ua, tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau ua ntej nrog kev kho mob ua ntej. Kev ua kom tiav yog ua tiav hauv 2-3 theem kom lub sijhawm ib ntus raug tswj ntawm daim ntawv thov txheej, thaum lub sijhawm txheej dhau los qhuav tag.

Tus primer yuav tshem tawm cov hmoov av ntau dhau los ntawm qhov saum npoo thiab txhim kho cov nplaum ntawm cov txheej.

Tseem ceeb nuances

Gypsum plaster yog tsim rau ntau qhov chaw. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau cov cement thiab cov kua qaub plaster, phab ntsa ntub dej, ntoo thiab pleev xim. Tsis tas li, kev sib xyaw ntawm gypsum raug tso cai ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj silicate blocks, cav, chipboard thiab nthuav av nplaum. Cov chaw zoo li no yuav tsum tau ua ntej ib txwm muaj. Rau feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, ib txwm muaj ob lossis peb txheej txheej txheej yuav ua haujlwm, thaum cov pob zeb hu rau cov pob zeb thiab cov xim yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov pob zeb ua pob zeb.

Ua ntej yuav pib nrog daim ntawv thov plaster gypsum, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo npaj cov nplaim . Txhua txheej txheej zoo nkauj qub tau tshem tawm tag nrho, tshem cov roj tsw qab, kua nplaum thiab hmoov av. Yog tias phab ntsa lossis qab nthab tau pleev xim ua ntej, nws raug nquahu kom tshem tawm cov xim txheej. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv lub scraper lossis grinder nrog kev sib tsoo txuas. Lagging txheej ntawm cov qub plaster kuj yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom tshem tag nrho cov hlau los ntawm cov txheej txheem kho, txij li txheej txheej gypsum ua rau muaj kev txhim kho corrosion ntawm lawv. Cov hlau uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm tau muaj ntau txheej nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xeb.

Cov kab nrib pleb loj, nti thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag yuav tsum tau npog nrog cov cement mortar.

Yam tsawg kawg txheej rau qee cov plaster sib tov yog 5 hli. Tab sis qhov pom tau zoo tshaj plaws rau txheej txheej ntawm plaster yog nyob rau hauv 1-2 cm. los yog yas mesh yuav xav tau. Tsis tas li, kev txhawb nqa phab ntsa yuav tsum tau ua tiav hauv cov tsev tshiab txhawm rau tshem tawm kev deformation thaum lub tsev me me.

Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho qhov ntxaij ntawm txhua qhov ntawm phab ntsa, koj yuav tsum tau siv tus cim rau txhua txhua 35-45 cm nrog tus cim.. Cov mesh tau txiav rau hauv cov duab me me thiab sib tshooj nrog tus kheej tapping screws. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm phab ntsa mus rau cov khoom siv txhawb ntxiv yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm txheej txheej plaster.

Tsis pub deflections raug tso cai ntawm tus ncej txhawb , thiab thaum koj kov nws, yuav tsum tsis muaj kev co. Txhawm rau kho qhov tsis xws luag, xaim hlau zoo li daim ntawv Z yog xov nruab nrab ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes kom ntxiv dag zog rau cov qauv. Cov txheej no tau tso tseg kom qhuav li 10-20 feeb thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd txheej txheej txheej tuab tau siv.

Koj kuj tseem yuav xav tau teeb tsa lub cim qhia. Raws li lawv, koj tuaj yeem siv aluminium profile rau phab ntsa ntub dej, uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tom qab txheej txheej txheej tau qhuav. Koj tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej beacons los ntawm kev sib xyaw plaster. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ib txoj kab ntsug tau tsim los ntawm kev daws teeb meem thiab teeb tsa nrog ib qib. Koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm plaster beacons hauv 3-4 teev.

Tom qab lub plaster tau qhuav tag, nws yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov xim thiab qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov chaw. Koj tsuas tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov xim hauv qhov pom kev zoo. Kev tawg thiab daim tawv nqaij tsis raug tso cai ntawm txheej txheej tiav, thiab nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ua kom du lossis ntxeem tau. Tsuas yog qhov hws me me yuav tsum tau ua rau ntawm qhov chaw. Yog tias muaj qhov tsis xws, tom qab ntawd txheej txheej txheej thib ob ntawm plaster yuav tsum tau siv dua txheej txheej tiav.

Muaj ntau qhov nuances xav txog thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv gypsum . Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov cement rau gypsum, sib tov nws nrog alabaster lossis sawdust. Ntau yam tshuaj ntxiv muab cov khoom tshiab thiab cov xim rau cov tshuaj. Ib qho kev daws gypsum xav tau los ua haujlwm sai heev. Yog tias nws tawv, tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsis ua haujlwm txhawm rau khov khov sib xyaw rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv nrog nws.

Chaw tsim tshuaj paus

Cov tuam txhab tsim khoom lag luam hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws muab cov gypsum plaster ntawm ntau qhov sib xyaw thiab lub hom phiaj rau kev ua lag luam. Yuav luag txhua ntawm lawv hauv kab khoom muaj cov khoom sib xyaw rau sab hauv thiab sab nraum zoov, ntxiv rau kev siv phau ntawv thiab tshuab siv. Qhov ntsuas tseeb ntawm cov tuam txhab hais txog qhov ua tau zoo thiab tus nqi rau kev sib xyaw ntawm gypsum tseem tsis tau muaj, yog li kev xaiv cov khoom tuaj yeem tsuas yog ua los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo.

Cov tswv yim zoo ntawm Etalon gypsum plaster rau sab hauv ua haujlwm los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam:

• xim - lub teeb grey;
• tus nqi dej rau kev npaj daws - 0.55-0.6 l / kg;
• tuab ntawm ib txheej yog 2-30 hli;
• lub zog sib zog - 40 kg / cm2;

• kub thaum ua haujlwm - los ntawm +5 txog + 30 ° С;
• kev daws teeb meem haum rau kev ua haujlwm tsis pub dhau 1 teev;
• kev siv rau 1 hli txheej - 0, 9-1, 2 kg / m2.

Plaster Txheem rau daim ntawv thov tshuab muaj txhua tus yam ntxwv zoo ib yam, tshwj tsis yog lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, uas tau nce mus txog 100 feeb.

Plaster "Teplon" los ntawm Lavxias lub tuam txhab "Yunis" yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv thiab tau siv ob leeg ua haujlwm thiab tshuab:

• Xim dawb;
• tus nqi dej rau kev npaj daws - 0, 4-0, 5 l / kg;
• tuab ntawm ib txheej yog 5-50 hli;
• lub zog sib zog - 25 kg / cm2;
• kub thaum ua haujlwm - los ntawm +5 txog + 30 ° С;
• cov tshuaj haum rau kev ua haujlwm tsis pub dhau 50 feeb;
• kev siv rau 1 hli txheej - 0.8-0.9 kg / m2.

Bolars plaster kuj tau tsim hauv Russia thiab muaj cov hauv qab no:

• Xim dawb;
• dej ntau rau kev npaj daws - 0.44-0.48 l / kg;
• tuab ntawm ib txheej yog 2-30 hli;
• lub zog sib zog - 25 kg / cm2;
• kub thaum ua haujlwm - los ntawm +5 txog + 30 ° С;
• kev daws teeb meem haum rau kev ua haujlwm tsis pub dhau 1 teev;
• kev siv rau 1 hli txheej - 1 kg / m2.

Turkish gypsum plasters los ntawm Dr. sib tov. satin, Rigips, Siva thiab ntau yam ntxiv.