Ua-nws-koj Tus Kheej Lub Suab Nrov Rau Cov Hais Lus: Daim Duab Ntawm Tus Qauv Tsim Tsev. Yuav Ua Li Cas Ua Lub Transistor Amplifier Hauv Tsev? Yuav Ua Li Cas Sib Sau Ib Qho Yooj Yi

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Ib tus neeg hais lus puv ntoob tsis ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj lub tshuab ua kom lub suab nkauj thiab hais lus tuaj yeem hnov los ntawm nws ntawm qhov nyob deb. Lub hwj chim qis preamplifier, uas, piv txwv li, tau nruab nrog lub xov tooj cua hauv xov tooj cua thiab MP3-players, thaum txuas nrog tus neeg hais lus yam tsis muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb, ua haujlwm ntau dhau thiab yuav ua tsis tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij yuav tuaj yeem ua lub suab nrov nrov rau cov neeg hais lus nrog lawv tus kheej tes.

Dab tsi tuaj yeem ua los ntawm?

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau ib, ob lossis ntau tus neeg hais lus hauv tsev tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv, thaum nws lub rooj tsav xwm hluav taws xob yuav haum raws qhov ntev thiab dav. Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si tus neeg hais lus nws tus kheej, uas nws tau teeb tsa nyob rau hauv ib qho cais, laj kab-tawm qhov chaw nrog rau lub hwj chim, lossis lub zog muaj zog 0.

Lwm txoj hauv kev daws teeb meem yog lub tsev nyob los ntawm lub xov tooj cua qub, los ntawm cov kab xev lossis CD tsav tau raug tshem tawm, uas tau tas sijhawm nws txoj haujlwm . Feem ntau, tsuas yog lub zog tso suab tso suab tseem nyob ntawm lub tsheb qub hauv xov tooj cua - hauv qhov no, tsis muaj dab tsi xav tau hloov pauv. Yog tias tsis muaj rooj plaub npaj ua tiav, rooj plaub nws tus kheej tau ua los ntawm cov plywood ntawm cov tuab tuab (txog li 1 cm), cov ntawv txhuas, cov ntawv ci ob sab ntawm daim iav fiberglass thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv.

Kev tsim khoom qhia

Ua-nws-koj tus kheej lub suab nrov rau cov neeg hais lus yuav xav tau cov khoom siv xov tooj cua thiab cov khoom siv hauv xov tooj cua rau kev tsim khoom

Ib txheej ntawm ntu (raws li cov phiaj xwm xaiv): TDA series microcircuit lossis zoo ib yam, cov tiv thaiv, lub tshuab hluav taws xob, ntsuas tus neeg hais lus (lossis twb tau sib sau ua ke tus neeg hais lus), aluminium radiator. Thaum sib dhos lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob muaj zog, tsim rau qis qis txog 100 kHz, koj yuav xav tau, ntxiv rau transistors lawv tus kheej, me ntsis tsawg dua cov tshuab hluav taws xob.

Luam tawm Circuit Board . Yog tias lub rooj tsavxwm yuav tsis muab pov rau ntawm nws tus kheej (piv txwv li, nrog ferric chloride), tom qab ntawd hloov cov ntawv ci yooj yim-clad (iav) PCB lossis getinax, lub khob cij nrog npaj qhov sib tiv tauj tau xaj hauv Suav khw online, txuas nrog siv tooj liab tooj liab lossis daim hlau nrog cov hlua thaiv. Cov kiv cua ntawm cov laug cam hauv txoj hauv kev yuav xav tau, ntxiv rau cov tshuaj reagents rau kev npaj ntawm ferric chloride, cov kua roj vanish uas tau nruj nreem txuas rau cov hlau.

Qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws yog ntsia thawv ntsia hlau, tab sis tus nqi yuav tsis tsim nyog nws.

Cov xov hluav taws xob - ib qho xaim nrog txoj kab uas hla 0.5 square metres yog txaus. mm, los ntawm qhov rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem tshem tawm tau yooj yim. Nws tuaj yeem yog xaim ntawm KSVV (lossis KSPV) hom. Txhawm rau txuas cov blocks npaj tau thiab cov nodes, ntau lub pob ntsia hlau rau 0, 75 lossis 1 square meter feem ntau siv. hli

Solder, rosin thiab soldering flux rau siv nrog cov hlau txuas . Kev sib dhos ntawm cov ntawv yob yog qhov tsis ntseeg tau - tooj liab hlau, oxidizing, sai poob kev sib cuag. Kev sib dhos nrog cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj, txiv ntseej thiab lub tes tsho yog qhov siv sijhawm ntau dhau.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv, qee cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej tseem xav tau

1. Pliers, sab txiav, ntswj ntsia hlau teeb … Yuav tsum muaj lub ciaj ntswj hloov tau thiab teeb tsa tus hex qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
2. Soldering hlau thiab sawv ntsug rau nws.
3. Yog tias lub rooj tsavxwm tau ua "los ntawm kos " - koj xav tau kev xyaum me me thiab teeb tsa kev xyaum. Txhawm rau tsim cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board yam tsis tau siv tshuaj, koj yuav xav tau lub tshuab txiav uas siv cov kab uas cais cov kab thiab lwm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
4. Multimeter (tester) - Yuav luag tsis muaj hluav taws xob ua haujlwm tsis muaj nws.
5. Kuaj fais fab mov . Yog tias tsis muaj chav tsev zoo li no, tab sis koj paub qhov hluav taws xob muab rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob, pib teeb tsa lub cuab yeej los ntawm nws. Nws feem ntau nyuaj dua kom tau txais 12 lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas tau npaj ua ntej (txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog lub zog tso tawm ntawm ob peb watts lossis ntau dua xav tau qhov hluav taws xob zoo li ntawd) dua li lub charger rau lub xov tooj smartphone lossis ntsiav tshuaj.

Tau npaj txhua yam khoom siv tsim nyog, cov cuab yeej, cov khoom siv xov tooj cua thiab cov khoom siv hauv xov tooj cua, koj tuaj yeem pib sib dhos cov cuab yeej siv hauv tsev . Txhawm rau tsim hluav taws xob 10 volt (yog tias lub tshuab tso cai tso tawm qhov hluav taws xob poob qis), txuas cov khoom siv ntawm 5 volt cov roj teeb ua ke. Kev siv lub zog bipolar 10 V tau tsim nrog lub peev xwm hauv av lossis "xoom" qhov nruab nrab 0 (qhov twg "rho tawm" thiab ib qho "ntxiv" txuas nrog ua ke).

Kev sib dhos lub tshuab hluav taws xob cuam tshuam nrog ntau qib

1. Yog tias lub rooj tsavxwm tsis yog daim ntawv qhia zaub mov, tab sis ua tiav "tus kheej ua ke " - kos nrog txhuam lossis tampon txoj hauv kev nrog cov kua roj vanish hauv qab microcircuit topology. Cov hinged ntsiab tuaj yeem muab tso raws qhov xav tau, nws raug nquahu kom npaj lawv nruj dua. Yuav tsum tsis muaj txoj kev sib tshuam.
2. Qhuav lub rooj tsavxwm, npaj cov tshuaj ferric chloride daws, muab lub rooj tsavxwm tso rau hauv nws li ob peb teev lossis ib hnub … Yog tias qhov kev daws teeb meem raug rhaub, ua kom khaus yuav ua sai dua, tab sis qhov yuav ua rau tev tawm ntawm txheej tiv thaiv yuav nce ntxiv.
3. Tom qab ua kom tiav ua tiav, tshem cov kua roj vanish los ntawm thaj chaw uas muaj kev tiv thaiv . Tsis txhob ncua cov txheej txheem rau ob peb hnub kom cov kua roj vanish tsis ua kom ruaj khov rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm.
4. Laum tawm siv lub laum lossis ntswj ntsia hlau, qhov rau ob txhais ceg ntawm cov khoom siv xov tooj cua.
5. Npog cov kab uas tau tshwm sim nrog txheej txheej ntawm cov laug . Ntxig cov xov tooj cua, hais txog kev teeb duab sib dhos, hauv qhov yuav tsum tau ua, muab lawv tso rau ntawm daim ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board.
6. Nruab lub rhaub dej kub ntawm lub hauv paus hlau ntawm microcircuit . Yog tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob hloov pauv tau hloov pauv, siv lub dab dej kub cais rau txhua qhov theem tso tawm. Nws tau tso cai tso lawv rau ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj.
7. Solder cov xov hlau rau lub suab tawm tswv yim , hwj chim hauv thiab suab tawm, sau lawv.
8. Txuas cov neeg hais lus mus rau qhov tso tawm ntawm cov khoom sib dhos ua ke.
9. Txuas ib lub suab rau lub tswv yim (smartphone, MP3 player lossis xov tooj cua) siv lub hli 3.5 hli.
10. Siv lub zog rau cov chaw tsim nyog , qhib lub suab ntawm lub cuab yeej, piv txwv li, los ntawm kev xaiv ib qho ntawm cov nkauj uas muaj (lossis yeeb yaj kiab).

Thaum sib dhos kom raug, lub tshuab ua haujlwm yuav ua haujlwm tam sim ntawd . Rau transistor amplifiers hauv "stereo" hom, siv ob txoj kev ywj pheej mono amplifiers. Raws li kev xaiv ua haujlwm- ob qho ib, ob-, peb- lossis ntau dua cov cuab yeej cascade. Cov txheej txheem peb theem yog qhov muaj ntau yam tshaj plaws: thawj zaug, theem qis zog yuav "viav vias" qhov thib ob (nruab nrab lub zog). Qhov thib ob yog qhov thib peb (davhlau ya nyob twg), uas muaj lub zog siab tshaj plaws. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa rau theem kawg.

Lub suab tso suab tshuab (suab ib puag ncig) yog li ntawd ywj siab amplifiers tuaj yeem txuas sib cais thiab muaj cov neeg hais lus cais . Tab sis rau lub tso suab uas lub subwoofer (subwoofer lossis hais lus) yog ib txwm muaj, lub tso suab tso suab ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau sib sau ua ke ntawm ib lub microcircuit - ob sab laug thiab sab xis tau coj ua ke nrog kev pab ntawm qhov txuas ntxiv (passive) ntu.

Kev pom zoo

Sim tsis txhob khaws cov hlau txuas ntawm ib qho chaw ntev . - ob peb vib nas this ntawm qhov sov (kub ntau dua 250 degrees) tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov txheej txheej tooj liab, thiab cov kab yuav tsum tau hloov nrog tooj liab hlau. Vim tias lawv txoj kev nkhaus ntau dua, cov xov hlau qhia paub ntxiv txog kev tsis ruaj khov hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hluav taws xob muaj hluav taws xob ntau thiab cov cascades.

Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ua kom sov microcircuit ntau dhau, transistors thiab / lossis diodes (lawv tau txais cov cua sov ua kom sov dhau) siv soldering flux (hauv qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, qhov no yog zinc chloride tov) los yog citric acid thiab qee cov rosin . Cov evaporating flux ib nrab txias lub dav hlau ntawm cov khoom siv hauv xov tooj cua, tiv thaiv tom kawg los ntawm kev ua kom sov. Kev txav mus los yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb, tab sis nrawm heev.

Nws tsis pom zoo kom siv cov hlau txuas nrog lub zog ntau dua 40 W - lub zog muaj zog nyob hauv ib pliag lossis ntau dua yuav ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog ntau dua.

Tsis txhob saib tsis taus cov radiators . Nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig los ua qhov kev ntsuas cua sov ntawm Circuit Court. Hauv qhov no, nws yooj yim dua rau cov neeg kawm tiav ntawm cov tsev kawm txuj ci uas tau kawm ntawm lub faculties ntawm xov tooj cua hluav taws xob thiab tsim khoom. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas ua kom sov dhau ntawm lub ntim ntau dua yuav sai dua lossis tom qab ua tsis tiav.

Tsis txhob ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntau dua li tus nqi siab tshaj plaws tau teev tseg hauv cov lus qhia hauv Circuit Court. Kev tsis muaj zog yuav ua rau lub tshuab ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm lossis ua haujlwm tsawg kawg nkaus.

Lub khoos phis tawj siv hluav taws xob siv hauv tsev khoos phis tawj hauv tsev, uas tau siv sijhawm ntev dhau los hauv kev ua haujlwm, tuaj yeem ua ke - nws siv 250-400 W, tab sis tsim tawm tsawg kawg 70% ntawm tus nqi no. Ntawm qhov tso tawm hluav taws xob ntawm lub khoos phis tawj lub zog siv hluav taws xob muaj 3, 3; 5 thiab 12 V. Qhov no yog kev daws teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb rau "DIYers" - lub hwj huam muab los ntawm lub qub PC ua lub chaw kuaj sim.

Sib phim (sib txheeb) lub zog ntawm tus hais lus thiab lub tshuab ua kom nrov nrov . Cov neeg hais lus tsis muaj zog yuav hlawv tawm ntawm lub tshuab ua kom muaj zog. Qhov xwm txheej txawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tau, thaum lub suab hauv cov neeg hais lus muaj zog heev yuav "txhaws". Txhawm rau tshem tawm kev cuam tshuam los ntawm ib sab ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, kev tawm tswv yim thiab tso tawm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau txuas nrog los ntawm kev thaiv cov hlua sib tw - ib coaxial cable nrog ob lub hauv paus nruab nrab tus neeg ua haujlwm, uas ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub suab.

Thaum tau txiav txim siab txog qhov kev cia siab, koj yuav sib sau ua suab nrov thoob ntiaj teb, lub zog uas (thiab cov neeg hais lus rau nws) yog txaus los npaj mloog cov nkauj hauv thaj tsam loj ntawm ntau pua square metres.