Zaj Duab Xis (50 Duab): Tasma, Agfa Thiab Kodak Zaj Duab Xis Rau Cov Koob Yees Duab Zaj Duab Xis. Yuav Xaiv Xim Thiab Xim Dub & Dawb Zaj Duab Xis Li Cas? Zaj Duab Xis Thav Duab

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Cov neeg zoo tib yam yuav hais tias kev yees duab thaij duab tau dhau los dhau los ua ib qho dhau los, thiab tsuas yog cov neeg nyiam ua nkauj nraug tuaj yeem tinker nrog zaj duab xis niaj hnub no. Qhov kev xav no nyob deb ntawm kev ua neeg nyiam ntawm cov kws yees duab; theej, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov nyiam ua haujlwm tseem tseem muaj nuj nqis zaj duab xis. Nws tsis muaj nqis, tau kawg, lees tias nws tsis tau poob nws txoj haujlwm txhua, tab sis tsis yog ib tus kws tshaj lij yuav hais tias zaj duab xis thaij duab thaum kawg "txhua yam".

Yog tias koj nyuam qhuav pib ntawm koj txoj kev taug kev hauv kev yees duab thiab tau plam lub sijhawm ntawm kev siv cov yeeb yaj kiab loj heev, tab sis xav sim ua haujlwm nrog nws, nws tau qhia kom xub nkag siab qhov teeb meem no kom meej.

Peculiarities

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws tsim nyog txiav txim siab vim li cas koj thiaj xav tau cov duab thaij duab txhua lub sijhawm ntawm kev yees duab digital. Koj yuav tsum tau daws nws ntau dua li "digital " - koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm txhim kho nws tus kheej (thiab muaj cov xwm txheej tsim nyog rau qhov no), lossis tas li muab cov yeeb yaj kiab tso rau kev txhim kho, mus rau qee qhov rau qhov no, them nyiaj rau nws, tos. Suav cov ntas, tom qab tag nrho. Nrog cov teeb meem no, ntau tus xav tsis thoob vim li cas zaj duab xis rau cov koob yees duab tseem "muaj sia nyob".

Kev thaij duab zaj duab xis yog daim duab kos duab . Nws zoo li kev kos duab - kev tuaj txog ntawm kev yees duab tsis tua cov duab xaum lossis xim dej.

Kev thaij duab zaj duab xis tsis yog rau txhua tus, nws yog txheej txheem nyuab dua, uas txhais tau tias tus sau ntawm tus thav duab nyob ze rau cov kws tshaj lij thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob ua kom daim duab puas. Nov yog yam haujlwm nyiam thiab bohemia tib lub sijhawm.

Ib qho ntxiv, kuj tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus siv tau dawb huv. Qhov tseeb yog qhov ntawd Ntau lub koob yees duab zaj duab xis los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom zoo tau tsim rau ntau pua xyoo, tab sis nrog kev tshwm sim ntawm "tus lej" lawv dhau los ua qhov tsis tsim nyog rau lawv tus tswv . Tam sim no lawv muag lub koob yees duab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab yog li ntawd rau tom ntej tsis muaj dab tsi. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, chav tsev nws tus kheej tuaj yeem yog tus kws tshaj lij - nyob rau ib lub sijhawm cov kws yees duab saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm lub ntiaj chaw, uas nws cov haujlwm tau luam tawm ntawm npog ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm, taug kev nrog qhov no. Tab sis cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv tsis xav thab nrog zaj duab xis thiab yuav muab lub koob yees duab rau ib npib, yog li ntawd nws yuav coj tsawg kawg qee qhov txiaj ntsig.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, zaj duab xis, hauv kev sib piv rau cov koob yees duab zaj duab xis, tseem tab tom tsim tawm ntau heev . Rau tus kws yees duab, qhov no yog qhov lav tias nws yuav tsis raug tso tseg yam tsis muaj kev nyiam ua yav dhau los nyob rau xyoo tom ntej. Nyob ntawm nws tus kheej xav tau, nws tuaj yeem xaiv tsis tsuas yog lub koob yees duab sib txawv thiab lo ntsiab muag rau lawv, tab sis kuj muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab sib txawv, uas sib txawv hauv kev sib xyaw, kev ntxhib los mos, kev nkag siab.

Nkag siab lub ntsiab lus, nws tuaj yeem tau txais cov duab zoo heev uas yuav tsis muaj qhov qis dua li cov uas tau siv lub koob yees duab digital, thiab hais txog kev sov siab thiab "ci ntsa iab" txawm tias yuav dhau ntawm cov neeg sib tw.

Keeb Kwm

Thawj cov duab - daguerreotypes - tshwm rau qhov kawg ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los. Qhov tseeb, lawv koom nrog kev yees duab niaj hnub no tsuas yog los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov duab tau tsim los ntawm lub tshuab, thiab tsis yog los ntawm ib tus neeg; cov txheej txheem tau siv ob peb teev, thiab tsis yog siv cov yeeb yaj kiab, siv cov phaj tooj liab . Kev tsim khoom, tsis muaj teeb meem li cas "nkhaus" nws tuaj yeem yog qhov kev nkag siab tam sim no, tau kov yeej tib neeg lub siab sai, thiab cov kws tshaj lij zoo tshaj plaws tau pib nrhiav txoj hauv kev los tsim thev naus laus zis. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lwm qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv yees duab tau tshwm sim thiab ploj mus, ua rau cov duab zoo dua thiab zoo dua, thiab cov txheej txheem - ntau thiab nrawm dua.

Thawj qhov tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab yob thiab lub koob yees duab rau nws yog Pole Leon Warnerke, tab sis nws tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Russia - hauv St. Petersburg . Cov thev naus laus zis, nthuav tawm los ntawm nws xyoo 1875, koom nrog kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw emulsion siv rau daim ntawv thiab kho nws nrog cov pos hniav arabic. Tom qab kev txhim kho, cov emulsion nrog cov duab ua tau raug xa mus rau iav. Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, tib lub thev naus laus zis tau siv rau ob rau peb lub xyoo dhau los ua ntej, tsuas yog cov emulsion tau siv ncaj qha mus rau daim iav duab thaij duab, uas tau ntim rau hauv lub koob yees duab.

Xyoo 1882, Rostov tus neeg tsim khoom Ivan Boldyrev tau thov hom "daim kab xev", uas, raws li qee tus kws tshawb fawb thiab kws sau xov xwm nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, zoo rau kev yees duab . Tus sau ntawm kev tsim khoom, txawm tias nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav, tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav nyiaj rau kev tsim khoom lag luam ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab no, tsis muaj ib tus neeg lag luam txaus siab rau qhov no, thiab tsis muaj cov peev txheej muaj sia nyob, nrog txhua qhov kev txaus siab hauv "kab xev", piav qhia cov txheej txheem rau nws cov khoom, yog li cov thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab poob.

Hauv kaum xyoo uas ua raws, cov naj npawb ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab xaiv tsuas yog nce. Xyoo 1885, George Eastman tau patented emulsion ntawm gelatin thiab nyiaj ntawm daim ntawv - cov duab zoo li no, txawm li cas los xij, tseem tau pauv mus rau iav . Xyoo 1889, daim ntawv tau hloov los ntawm lub hauv paus celluloid pob tshab.

Tus sau ntawm 35 mm hom ntawv, uas yog nrov heev niaj hnub no, yog Thomas Edison, uas tau txiav txim siab txiav qhov pom yav dhau los 70 mm zaj duab xis hauv ib nrab kom nws yuav tsis siv ntau qhov chaw hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab.

Thawj cov yeeb yaj kiab, tau kawg, tau ua kom dawb huv orthochromatic . -lawv tuaj yeem raug hu ua dub thiab dawb, tab sis nws yuav raug dua los hais tias lawv nkag siab rau xiav-violet lossis daj-ntsuab hues. Zaj yeeb yaj kiab "kawm" los teb qhov zoo rau qhov liab ntawm qhov pom, txawm tias ua qauv dub thiab dawb, tsuas yog xyoo 1905-1907, tab sis qhov kev tsim tshiab tau kim heev thaum xub thawj, thiab yog li tsis tshua muaj siv.

Txawm hais tias nws muaj keeb kwm, uas los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd twb tau tag nrho ntau caum xyoo lawm, zaj yeeb yaj kiab tau pib ua neeg coob coob tawm daim duab thaij duab tsuas yog xyoo 1920. Tsuas yog lub sijhawm no, cov koob yees duab me me tau pib tshwm tuaj uas tuaj yeem nqa nrog koj yam tsis muaj teeb meem ntau .thiab nws yog kev thov Vajtswv rau cov neeg sau xov xwm.

Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, cov kws tshaj lij tau daws qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm zaj duab xis tom qab ntawd - nws nres curling tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau thiab ua rau daim phiaj sib tw hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tau sib zog ntau dua, nws tuaj yeem nqa nrog koj ntau ntau, nws tsis ntshai cua tshuab, thiab nws tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau lub thav duab tom ntej yuav luag tam sim ntawd, thaum hloov lub phaj tau ntev thiab nyuaj.

Hauv USSR, kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab yees duab tau pib ua ke nrog kev tsim cov chaw tsim khoom rau tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab . Tsoomfwv xav tau nws tus kheej cov xov xwm tshiab los txhawb kev sib tham, yog li lawv xav sai sai txog kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab, teeb tsa nws cov khoom lag luam hauv nroog Shostka thiab Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Nws yog qhov xav paub tias thawj zaj yeeb yaj kiab Soviet hauv kev tsim khoom tsis txuas nrog kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam - nitrate substrate rau nws tau tsim los ntawm tib lub colloxylin raws li cov khoom tawg.

Hom kev txheeb xyuas

Cov yeeb yaj kiab ntau yam tso cai rau tus kws yees duab sim nrog cov duab dhau ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntawm lub koob yees duab digital niaj hnub no. Cia peb xav txog ntau yam tseem ceeb (xim dub thiab dawb thiab xim yeeb yaj kiab) kom ntxaws.

Dub thiab dawb

Classic BW cov yeeb yaj kiab muab cov duab ib leeg - nws tsis tas yuav nruj me ntsis dub thiab dawb, tab sis tuaj yeem sawv cev, piv txwv li, hauv cov xim liab, tab sis tsis tso cai kom pom cov xim "txawv". Raws li txoj cai, cov yeeb yaj kiab nrog cov duab tshwj xeeb dub thiab dawb yog hu ua - dub thiab dawb, thaum tag nrho lwm qhov yog hu ua monochrome yooj yim - qhia txog lub ntsej muag uas lawv tau yees duab.

Classic dub thiab dawb zaj duab xis kho cov duab ntawm txheej nyiaj, monochrome - ntawm txheej txheej zas . Niaj hnub no, cov yeeb yaj kiab dub thiab dawb, raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog kev tshaj lij - cov amateurs tsis tau siv qhov no ntev.

Xim

Cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm ntu xim tau txawv los ntawm lawv lub peev xwm los khaws txhua yam xim ntawm cov khoom siv yees duab - vim li ntawd, cov duab zoo li kwv yees tib yam hauv cov xim gamut raws li qhov tseeb. Thoob plaws ntiaj teb, lawv tuaj yeem faib ua 3 chav kawm tseem ceeb, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, kuj tseem raug rau cov khoom dub thiab dawb.

Tsis zoo Ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab no, cov duab tau nthuav tawm zoo li yog tsom iav - qhov chaw pom zoo li cov khoom tsaus thiab hloov pauv. Hauv kev yees duab xim, xim kuj hloov chaw - cyan dhau los ua xim liab, ntsuab tig daj, thiab hloov pauv. Tau dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo thaum lub sijhawm tua, hauv cov txheej txheem luam duab, daim duab tau rov qab.

Cov txheej txheem nyuaj no tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam vim tias nws yog hom yeeb yaj kiab no uas muab qhov siab tshaj plaws kev yees duab latitude, uas yog, nws rov tsim dua qhov ci ci ntau yam. Qhov no yog qhov xav tau tshaj plaws thiab hom yeeb yaj kiab, nws tso cai rau koj kho me ntsis ntawm daim duab ntawm theem kev txhim kho thiab rov luam dua ib daim duab los ntawm ib qho tsis zoo.

Reversible los yog reversible . Qhov no thiaj li hu ua zaj duab xis swb yog siv los tsim cov swb thiab cov duab zoo nkauj. Kev hloov xim yog nqa tawm ntawm cov khoom siv duab nws tus kheej, yam tsis tsim kev hloov pauv. Nrog rau kev yees duab kom raug, daim duab hloov pauv kom zoo dua qub, tab sis nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem kho qhov ua yuam kev ntawm theem kev txhim kho - lub thav duab tsis ua tiav yuav nyob tsis tiav mus ib txhis. Koj tseem tuaj yeem luam daim duab zoo li no tsuas yog rov thaij dua.

Zoo . Cov yeeb yaj kiab yees duab zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej, txawm hais tias nws tau siv tsis pom hnub no. Nyob rau ib lub sijhawm nws tau siv los tsim microfilms thiab pob tshab, tab sis tam sim no nws tau hloov pauv los ntawm lub khoos phis tawj nthuav tawm.

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem kis tau qee yam yam tsis pom kev tawg hauv ib qho xim lossis lwm yam. Cov no suav nrog, piv txwv li, duab thaij duab infrared, uas qhia cua sov cua daj cua dub hauv lub suab daj-liab, thiab nws tsis tuaj-hauv ntsuab-xiav.

Hom ntawv

Niaj hnub no muaj ob peb hom kev yees duab thaij duab uas nyiam qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg nyiam

• Nqaim-hom hom 135 . Hom ntawv nrov tshaj plaws nrog 36mm thav duab ntev los ntawm 24mm qhov siab. Cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo li no tau nruab nrog cov perforations rau qhov rov qab raug dua, feem ntau nws tau muag hauv cov kab xev ntawm 36 ntas, txawm hais tias tseem muaj cov kab xev me me. Cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem muag tau hauv cov yob loj, uas tus kws yees duab yuav txiav lawv tus kheej rau cov kab xev.
• Hom ntawv nruab nrab, tseem hu ua hom 120 lossis cov menyuam zaj duab xis . Zaj yeeb yaj kiab no tsis muaj qhov tawg. Nws qhov loj me yog tus qauv - nrog qhov dav ntawm 56 mm, nws muaj qhov ntev li ntawm 70 cm. 42.5, 56 lossis 70 hli, feem, sib txawv. Feem ntau, cov duab plaub fab raug coj los ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab no, uas yog 12 ib yob.
• Cov yeeb yaj kiab loj loj tsuas yog muag hauv cov ntawv xwb, nws xav tau lub koob yees duab loj . Tsawg heev. Ib daim ntawv sib npaug rau qhov loj ntawm tus ncej kawg, piv txwv li, 9 x 12 lossis 13 x 18 cm.

Cov npe saum toj no ntawm cov qauv tsis muaj txhij txhua - nyob rau xyoo sib txawv thiab rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb, lwm cov qauv rau cov khoom lag luam zoo sib xws tau tsim. Ntawm cov qauv tshwj xeeb, ib tus tuaj yeem rov nco txog lwm hom 110 lossis ntau yam tshwj xeeb ntawm hom 135 nrog lub thav duab loj ntawm 24 x 32 hli, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau qee lub koob yees duab Soviet . (piv txwv li, "Spring"). Nyob rau txhua qhov xwm txheej, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum pib tsis yog thiab tsis ntau npaum li tus qauv loj ntawm zaj duab xis (txawm hais tias tsis muaj txoj hauv kev yam tsis muaj nws), tab sis los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntxiv xws li lub teeb pom kev zoo, daws teeb meem, graininess thiab ntau ntxiv.

Nrov manufacturers

Ntau tus kws yees duab tshiab ua yuam kev ntseeg tias koj tuaj yeem xaiv zaj duab xis yooj yim los ntawm lub npe khoom lag luam - lawv hais tias, lub npe paub tau yog li ntawd thiaj paub tias tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo. Ntawm qhov one tes, qhov no muaj tseeb, ntawm qhov tod - kev yees duab yog kev muaj tswv yim, thiab tuaj yeem tsis muaj lub tuam txhab zoo dua … Txhua yam nws nyob ntawm seb yam txiaj ntsig koj xav tau kawg, thiab qhov ua yuam kev hauv kev xaiv tus qauv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab txawm tias koj tso koj txoj kev ntseeg siab rau tus neeg paub zoo hauv kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem tsim nyog hais txog ob peb tus neeg sawv cev zoo.

Kodak tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov tsis muaj kev sib cav txog kev lag luam . Cov khoom lag luam Asmeskas ib zaug tau tsim los ntawm tib tus George Eastman uas peb tau hais los saum no hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev txhim kho kev yees duab thaij duab. Cov keeb kwm ntawm hom lag luam rov qab yuav luag ib puas xyoo thiab ib nrab, uas twb tau hais rau nws tus kheej. Lub tuam txhab yog tus sau ntau yam kev hloov pauv tshiab hauv ntiaj teb kev yees duab, thiab nws tseem paub txog nws lub siab xav yuav cov tub ntxhais hluas cog lus pib ua haujlwm hauv ib yam khoom lag luam, ua tsaug rau qhov uas nws muaj tus lej ntau dua ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj.

Kodak ntau yam ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tseem txaus siab rau kev nyiam yees duab qub.

Agfa yog European hom nrog keeb kwm yav dhau los tshaj li tus neeg sib tw tseem ceeb, tab sis tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv yees duab thiab yees duab nkaus xwb. Muaj keeb kwm hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, lub tuam txhab tau tawm ntawm nws lub tebchaws sai. Zoo li Kodak, lub npe tau nquag yuav cov neeg sib tw me nrog thov kom ua tiav.

Tasma yog lub tsev ua yeeb yaj kiab thib peb hauv Soviet Union , thiab niaj hnub no nws tsuas yog ib qho ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw post-Soviet, qhov twg tag nrho cov khoom lag luam tseem raug khaws cia. Kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab thaij duab, tau teeb tsa hauv Kazan, tseem muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov kws yees duab rau cov ntaub ntawv yees duab rau txhua tus saj.

Qhov twg los xaiv?

Raws li koj tau nkag siab lawm, zaj duab xis muaj peev xwm muab qhov tsis zoo, lossis tseem pom zoo dua li ntau lub koob yees duab digital, tab sis rau qhov no koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov yog. Thaum xaiv cov yeeb yaj kiab rau lub koob yees duab qub qub ntawm hom qub lossis Polaroid nrog kev txhim kho duab tam sim, koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qee yam, uas yuav pab koj zam qhov ua yuam kev thiab tau txais cov duab zoo tshaj plaws.

Hom ntawv . Peb tau tham txog cov qauv nrov tshaj plaws saum toj no. Ib hom "tsis yog neeg ib txwm" yooj yim yuav tsis haum lub koob yees duab uas tsis ua haujlwm nrog nws, yog li cov txheej txheem no yog thawj - yog tias koj ua yuam kev, koj yuav nkim koj cov nyiaj.

Rhiab heev . Cov yeeb yaj kiab thaij duab, piv rau "digital", tsis paub yuav hloov kho lub teeb pom kev zoo li cas - koj yuav tsum coj tus uas tau tso tawm rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm koj kev yees duab. Tus txheej txheem rhiab heev hu ua ISO. Yog tias koj npaj yuav tua hnub tshav ntuj, tom qab ntawv daim duab no yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 100. Hauv lub studio, koj tuaj yeem teeb teeb pom kev zoo kom nws poob rau ntawm qhov kev kawm, yog li txawm tias ISO 50 yog txaus. ISO nce, nthuav dav ploj thiab graininess nce.

Txawm li cas los xij, tom kawg feem ntau pom tau tias yog lub ntsiab lus bohemian, nws tsis yog ib txwm suav tias yog rho tawm.

Dub thiab dawb, monochrome lossis xim . Qhov no twb yog teeb meem ntawm saj - nws txhua yam nyob ntawm seb koj yees duab thiab yog vim li cas. Monochrome tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo yog tias koj xav tau qhia tus ntsuj plig ntawm qub txeeg qub teg, xyaum ua haujlwm dhau xyoo dhau los. Kev yees duab dub thiab dawb niaj hnub no tsis tau cuam tshuam nrog keeb kwm yav dhau los ntev, tab sis nws tso cai rau kev saib xyuas ntau dua kom them rau qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm kab, uas tsis yog qhov tsis muaj qhov ci ntawm qhov ci. Kev thaij duab xim yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los qhia cov duab.

Tso cai . Qhov ntsuas no, suav tias yog tus cwj pwm ntawm cov thev naus laus zis digital, yog qhov siv tau zoo ib yam rau cov duab thaij duab. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tshaj lij tshaj lij "thim" daim duab nrog kev daws teeb meem txog li 300 kab ntawm ib lub hli, uas txhais tau tias tsis muaj ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm daim duab yuav ploj mus. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov ua tau zoo no tsis yog nyob ntawm zaj duab xis - tsawg kawg yog lub lens thiab txoj hauv kev txhim kho yuav tsum sib phim. Rau kev yees duab pib ua haujlwm thiab pib ua haujlwm, yuav muaj qhov ntsuas txaus uas yog ob peb zaug ntau npaum li cas.

Qhov ntsuas . Qee cov duab thaij duab tau tsim nrog cov cim uas qhia txog cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, C lossis VC lub cim qhia tias zaj yeeb yaj kiab no yuav muab kev sib piv zoo dua thiab xim xim. Yog tias daim duab yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntau dua, xyuam xim rau cov cim S thiab NC.

Yuav khaws cia li cas?

Hauv cov xwm txheej thaum cov yeeb yaj kiab maj mam txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov tsis nco qab, peb coob leej, tsuas yog qee zaum, yuav nws hauv qhov tshwj tseg. Tab sis tom qab tag nrho Cov ntaub ntawv no zoo nkauj heev - qhov no txhais tau tias nws yuav tsum tau khaws cia hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej txawv ntawm lawv . Xav txog dab tsi zaj duab xis xav tau rau nws tus kheej lub neej ntev.

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, rau zaj duab xis koj xav tau lub thawv raug - qee yam teeb pom kev zoo lossis thawv . Feem ntau, cov yeeb yaj kiab thaij duab raug muag hauv lub cassette lossis reel - lawv tsuas yog tsim los rau kev khaws cia ntev ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv khw muag khoom lossis khw muag khoom.

Tsuas yog tsis tshem cov ntawv uas tsis tsim nyog thiab yuav muaj sijhawm cia ntev yuav nce ntxiv. Yam tsawg kawg, ntim khoom yuav tiv thaiv kev nkag mus rau lub teeb, thiab zaj duab xis yuav tsis pom kev.

Tab sis muaj lwm yam uas yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej uas yuav ua rau zaj duab xis kav ntev dua

Kub . Thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev yees duab, thiab kev pom lub teeb, thiab kev txhim kho, thiab kev puas tsuaj rau zaj duab xis - tag nrho cov no yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg. Yuav luag txhua cov txheej txheem tshuaj zoo li ua rau qeeb thaum qhov kub poob. Yog tias koj xav khaws cov duab thaij duab rau lub hlis - ua nws ntawm qhov kub tsis tshaj 10-13 degrees Celsius, uas yog tus qauv rau chav loj ntawm lub tub yees. Giants ntawm Kodak qib qhia ncaj qha hais tias kev khaws cia tuaj yeem siv tau ntau dua rau lub hlis, tab sis tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau muab cov kab xev tso rau hauv lub tub yees, qhov twg nws yuav tsawg kawg -18.

Zaj duab xis uas tau tshem tawm ntawm qhov txias tsis tuaj yeem thauj ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub koob yees duab - cia nws sov kom sov mus rau chav sov ua ntej.

Vaum . Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siab nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub - los ntawm qhov zaj duab xis lo ua ke thiab loj hlob tuaj pwm, txij li cov emulsion muaj gelatin, uas yog nthuav rau cov kab mob. Cov av noo txog 50-60% suav tias yog ib txwm muaj, nws tau muab los ntawm lub Hoobkas ntim khoom thiab cov hnab zip niaj hnub nrog ob chav txuas. Hauv qhov no, huab cua yuav tsum tsis txhob qhuav dhau, txwv tsis pub zaj duab xis yuav plam nws qhov kev ywj pheej thiab pib tawg, uas txhais tau tias peb tseem tshem cov silica gel ntxiv.

Tshuaj tua kab mob . Photoemulsion ntshai ntawm cov sib txuas hloov pauv, cov kua qaub, qee cov roj cua. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, txhua yam no tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv tub yees hauv tsev, tab sis nws zoo dua los tshuaj xyuas yog tias muaj cov tshuaj lossis tshuaj lom neeg hauv tsev nyob ze. Ib qho ntxiv, cov khob noom cookie khov yog ib tus neeg nyob ze txaus ntshai - nws muaj cov kua qaub thiab cov poov xab uas pab txhawb rau pwm.

Cov hluav taws xob . Cov kab mob gamma ua rau cov yeeb yaj kiab ua tsis tau zoo - lawv nyob txhua qhov chaw thiab nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm lawv. Vim li no, cov yeeb yaj kiab qub heev tseem yuav muaj qhov txawv txav thiab cov nplej yuav nce ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, xoo hluav taws xob tseem muaj kev phom sij ntau dua, yog li ntawm lub tshav dav hlau koj yuav tsum tsis txhob txheeb xyuas hauv zaj duab xis hauv lub hnab nqa khoom, uas tau qhia los ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas muaj zog. Raws li txoj cai, yog tias koj tsis ntshai ntawm kev saib xyuas ntxiv, lub hnab tshwj xeeb uas ua los ntawm cov ntaub hlau tuaj yeem siv los thauj cov yeeb yaj kiab, uas tsis txhais los ntawm X-ray.