Ribbed Pem Teb Slabs: Qhov Ntev Thiab Cov Yam Ntxwv Ntawm Cov Pob Zeb Ua Vaj Tsev Txhawb Zog. Qhov Cuab Lub Zog Thiab Slab Tuab

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Kev tsim kho cov chaw tsis yooj yim sua yam tsis muaj cov khoom zoo. Cov qauv txhawb nqa yuav tsum muaj zog thiab tiv taus qhov hnyav. Cov pob zeb hauv av yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho raws li cov hauv paus thiab phab ntsa. Ribbed pem teb slabs yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Lawv txawv los ntawm lub zog zoo, muaj peev xwm faib cov khoom hnyav.

Nta thiab lub hom phiaj

Yog tsis muaj kev sib tshooj, tsis muaj ib yam khoom twg tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua tiav. Kev xaiv raug ntawm cov pob zeb ua ntej tau txiav txim siab thiab lav tau kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub tsev, txawm tias nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev ua haujlwm seismic. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau npaj cov khoom siv vectors kom raug, vim tias lawv yuav tsum tau muab faib sib npaug ntawm cov phab ntsa uas muaj lub nra thiab hauv lawv tus kheej. Kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv raug yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim tias lub zog ntawm cov khoom thiab nws qhov kev tiv thaiv nyob ntawm lawv. Ribbed slabs yog cov ntsiab lus zoo uas tuaj yeem txhawb nqa qhov hnyav ntau, thaum tib lub sijhawm lawv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim qhov dav heev.

Ribbed pem teb slabs muaj qhov tseem ceeb. Cov qauv ua vaj tsev muaj zog muaj lub hauv paus ruaj khov, cov kab uas nyob ib sab tso cai rau nws kom tiv taus qhov hnyav uas "ua haujlwm" hauv khoov . Yog tias cov khoom thauj siab dhau, tom qab ntawd cov pob zeb ua monolithic slabs raug txhawb ntxiv nrog kab tav tav.

Hauv qhov chaw uas tsis muaj kev thauj khoom (lossis lawv tsawg heev), cov pob zeb raug tshem tawm. Ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev thauj khoom siab (thaj chaw zaws), ntxiv pob zeb ua ke. Yog li, prefabricated ribbed phaj tau txais lub zog siab tshaj plaws, muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov khoom hnyav, thaum tus nqi ntawm cov khoom raug txo qis.

Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov plag tsev nrog cov khoom nqaj tsis tshaj 6 meters . Ribbed slab tuaj yeem ua lub ru tsev lossis ib feem ntawm hauv qab daus. Hauv cov tsev nyob, cov plag tsev zoo li no tsis zoo li qub; lawv feem ntau siv hauv cov chaw tsim khoom.

Lub teeb, hnyav lossis ntom silicate qhob yog siv ua cov khoom siv. Nyob ntawm qib ntawm kev ua vaj tsev, kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov qauv sib txawv kuj tseem siv tau, uas yog cim nrog lub npe tshwj xeeb (ntawv thiab lej).

Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj tam sim no hauv cov ntaub ntawv no txaus txaus los ua haujlwm nrog nws thaum lub sijhawm ua ke ntawm cov lej suav.

Kev qhia tshwj xeeb

Cov ntoo cog tam sim no siv ntau hom qhob hauv lawv cov khoom, raws li GOST 28043-89. Muaj cov hom hauv qab no:

• PG - tsis muaj qhov qhib;
• PV - daim hlau nrog qhov rau cov khoom siv cua nkag;
• PF - ntau lub teeb tuaj yeem teeb tsa hauv cov pob zeb;
• PL - slabs uas yog npaj kom tshem lub ru tsev.

Tseem ceeb! Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev sib raug zoo nrog cov kab txaij (qhov siab 0.41 m) tau teev tseg hauv GOST 26215-86. Kev faib tawm thiab kev sib txawv hauv daim ntawv no tau sau tseg rau hauv tus as khauj uas taw tes ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig cov khoom nyob ntawm.

Thaum txhim kho cov pob zeb hnyav, yuav tsum muaj lub crane. Cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum nce mus rau qhov siab zoo yam tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam, sib luag rau kab kab rov tav. Txhawm rau ua raws cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev nqa ntau lub tawb slab, siv cov hlau tshwj xeeb "pob ntseg". Cov ntsiab lus no yog qhov tseem ceeb, lawv yuav tsum muaj zog thiab ntseeg tau, raws li txoj cai kev nyab xeeb, lawv tau tshuaj xyuas rau qhov tsis xws luag lossis tawg. Ribbed slabs raug ntsuas raws li cov hauv qab no:

• ntev;
• tuab;
• qhov siab;
• qhov hnyav.

Qhov siab ntawm cov khoom yog 22, 2 cm. Qee zaum, thaum thov, cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem ua cov tuab ntawm cov phaj 17 cm. Qhov ntev ntawm slab tuaj yeem sib txawv ntau yam - los ntawm 2, 2 txog 12, 5 m. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg tuaj yeem yog 3, 65 txog 7, 25 m hauv qhov ntev.

Qee zaum cov chaw tsim khoom ua cov khoom siv ua vaj tsev ntxiv kom xaj. Hauv qhov no, xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntxiv, vim tias cov khoom lag luam nce ntxiv. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, koj yuav tsum suav: nws puas tuaj yeem ua tau yam tsis muaj kab tav tav (lawv muab cov khoom muaj zog dua coefficient). Qhov dav ntawm txoj kab nqes tuaj yeem ua raws li hauv qab no (hauv meters):

• 1;
• 1, 25;
• 1, 51;
• 1, 81.

Ribbed slabs feem ntau yog cov duab plaub. Hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub xwmfab, cov khoom zoo li no tuaj yeem pom tsis tu ncua, thaum tus nqi rau lawv yog qhov siab dua. Raws li GOST, qhov ntev ntawm cov pobzeb slabs muaj raws li hauv qab no (hauv meters):

• 3x12; ib.
• 3x6; ib.
• 3x18; ib.
• 1, 5x6 ua.

Qhov hnyav ntawm cov kab tav tav sib txawv. Nws txawv ntawm 771 txog 825 kg rau ib square meter. Hauv cov qauv uas muaj qhov hnyav, cov khoom lag luam me tau siv uas tuaj yeem tiv taus txog 2.5 tons rau 1 square meter. Cov qauv qauv sib txawv, feem ntau yog cov hauv qab no:

• tas li;
• sij hawm luv;
• tusyees faib;
• faib tsis ncaj ncees.

Chav tsev tus qauv rau kev suav cov khoom thauj yog tus lej ntawm ib kilogram square. Qhov zoo ntawm cov laug cam yog raug raws li txoj cai nruj xws li:

• qhov ntev yuav tsum ua raws li GOST;
• txhua qhov tsis ua raws li cov txheej txheem muaj zog;
• yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv;
• muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau kev tawg thiab deformation;
• tag nrho cov khoom ua los ntawm cov hlau tau ua tiav los ntawm "Antikor".

Lub pob zeb yuav tsum ua tau raws qee yam kev ntsuas . Ceev - los ntawm 1810 txog 1990 kg ib square meter. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum muaj porosity uas ua tau raws li txhua qhov kev pom zoo GOSTs. Cov pob zeb hnyav hauv qhov ntom ntom tuaj yeem ncav cuag 2550 kg. Qhov nrawm ntawm qhov txhawb nqa tau ntsuas tom qab lub pob zeb tau "tuav" (muaj cov cai sib txawv ntawm no). Cov pob zeb hnyav tuaj yeem sau npe M455 lossis M650. Cov pob zeb hnyav tuaj yeem yog M250 thiab M300.

Hlau tau siv rau kev txhawb nqa tsuas yog cov qib uas tau muab los ntawm GOSTs . Txhua qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm cov hlau hlau yuav tsum zoo ib yam nrog txoj haujlwm. Cov ntsuas ntsuas tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm cov cai tsis pub ntau tshaj 10 feem pua.

Yog tias koj ua raws txhua qhov kev cai tau teev tseg hauv cov qauv, tom qab ntawd kev teeb tsa ntawm cov pob zeb uas muaj cov pob zeb ua tiav tau tso cai rau koj kom tiv taus lub nra hnyav rau lub sijhawm ntev yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.

Cov phaj tau tsim raws li cov qauv ntawm 300 thiab 400 millimeters hauv qhov siab. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg tuaj yeem sib txawv, tab sis tseem muaj feem ntau lees txais cov cai. Yog tias qhov siab (lub ntsej muag tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pob zeb) yog 300 hli, tom qab ntawd nws ntev txog 5.68 m, thiab nws qhov dav yog 0.939 –2.96 m. Raws li qhov no, cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog tuaj yeem muaj qhov ntev hauv qab no:

• 3x6m; ua.
• 3 x 12 m; os.
• 1,6x6, 1m; ib.
• 3x18,1m; ib.
• 1,6 x 12,2 m os.

Tseem ceeb! Nroj tsuag lees paub cov pob zeb uas tau ua los ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov pob zeb, los ntawm ultra-lub teeb mus rau super-hnyav.

Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov siab ntawm 300 hli tuaj yeem ua raws li hauv qab no:

• 1, 18–3, 09 t (pob zeb hnyav);
• 1, 46–3, 87t (pob zeb hnyav).

Yog tias qhov siab yog 400 hli, tom qab ntawd lub phaj muaj cov ntsuas hauv qab no:

• ntev - los ntawm 5, 1 txog 5, 98 m;
• nyob rau hauv dav - 0.75–2.976 m;
• 1, 4–3, 9 tons (pob zeb hnyav);
• 1, 39–4, 78 t (pob zeb hnyav).

Tseem ceeb! Cov fittings yuav tsum tau kuaj ua ntej.

Cov chaw rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov pob zeb tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov kev xaiv hauv qab no:

• hauv kab qauv (P1);
• hauv qhov sib nrug nruab nrab ntawm kab kab (P2);
• nyob rau hauv ib qhov kaw, uas "sib sau ua ke" cov phab ntsa thiab kab ua ke (P3).

Hom

Qee qhov nrov tshaj plaws txhawb cov pob zeb ua pob zeb yog cov khoom uas zoo ib yam li tsab ntawv "P" hauv kev teeb tsa. Cov qauv tsim no tuaj yeem pom ntawm ntau qhov chaw, feem ntau yog hauv thaj chaw tsim khoom. Qhov sib nrug ntawm cov kabmob txhawb nqa ntsug tsis pub ntau tshaj 6 meters, qhov no hauv pem teb slab yuav tiv taus qhov hnyav. U-puab slabs yog qhov xav tau ntau tshaj plaws, txij li kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom paub txog lub peev xwm los faib cov khoom sib npaug.

Cov kab tav tav ntawm cov pob zeb ua raws li cov nqaj uas siv tus tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm qhov hnyav. Hauv qhov no, txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm qhov khoov. Tom qab kev teeb tsa, cov khoom siv yuav tsum raug kuaj rau lub zog thiab nruj.

Hauv kev tsim cov ntawv ua U-puab, cov pob zeb nrog qhov ntom ntom ntawm 1820–2050 kg ib cubic meter (cov qib hnyav) tau siv. Cov pob zeb hnyav tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov hnyav txog li 2500 kg / m³. Nws yog cov khoom siv txhim khu kev qha uas tuaj yeem tiv taus lub nra hnyav. Thaum npaj cov pob zeb ua ke, yuav tsum ua raws li txhua tus qauv uas tau teev tseg.

PG slabs muaj tus qauv qhov ntev (hauv meters):

• 3x6; ib.
• 3x12 ua.

Lawv tau siv rau saum ru tsev nyob rau qhov chaw uas, zoo li nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, tuaj yeem muaj txheej txheej daus tseem ceeb (ntau dua 155 kgf / m².) Ribbed U-shaped plates muaj kev teeb tsa ntawm kab tav tav txhua lub meter, yog tias qhov dav yog 3 meters. Yog tias qhov dav yog ob zaug tsawg dua, tom qab ntawm kab tav tav - 1.5 meters. Lub thickness ntawm lub txee yog 32 thiab 36 cm. Cov khoom siv cua tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm cov phaj uas muaj qhov tawg. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, tus qauv qhov yog ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg hauv qab no (hauv millimeters):

• 410;
• 710;
• 1000;
• 1455.

Raws li rau kev txhawb nqa, hauv cov pob zeb ua pob zeb, nws pib muaj qhov qis dua tom qab cov pob zeb ua tiav mus txog qee qhov nyuaj, uas tau muab los ntawm GOST. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau npaj raws li txoj cai tswjfwm. Txhua yam hlau yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv teev tseg. Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev txhawb zog tom qab ntsuas ntsuas yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 10 feem pua.

Yog tias tus nqi tshaj li tus qauv tso cai, nws tsis pom zoo kom siv cov khoom lag luam zoo li no.

Cov tshuaj khib yuav tsum tau siv 2 cm tuab ua ntej lub rooj tsavxwm tau rub . Nws yuav siv 2 tus neeg los tso lub qhov cub rau qhov yog. Txhua qhov khoob uas tsim thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem teeb tsa yuav tsum raug kaw nrog cov tshuaj cement. Kev sib xyaw yog ua hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 3, qhov twg 1 yog tus nqi ntawm cov cement, 3 yog tus nqi ntawm cov xuab zeb … Cov xuab zeb yuav tsum muaj feem pua ntau ntawm cov av nplaum, tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj yuav ua yas ntau dua.

Qee lub sij hawm nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua qhov tsis yog-tus qauv hauv qhov slab, qhov no yog siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Qhov hnyav ntawm slab yog qhov nruab nrab ib thiab ib nrab tons. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau khaws nws ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus, cov nplais yuav tsum tau hloov nrog cov tuav, nruab nrab ntawm lawv muaj qhov sib txawv tsawg kawg 50 hli . Cov txheej txheem khaws cia no tiv thaiv cov khoom lag luam los ntawm kev hloov pauv, ntxiv rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov av noo thiab qhov kub.

Npav

Cov ntawv thiab tus lej uas tuaj yeem pom ntawm daim phiaj yog cov cim uas qhia qhov hnyav thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom. Los ntawm cov ntawv luv no, koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:

• nws ua vaj dab tsi;
• yam khoom siv twg yog siv;
• dab tsi yog qhov muaj zog tshaj.

Txhawm rau nkag siab tias qhov cim "ua haujlwm", nws raug nquahu kom paub cov cim ntawm P-1 phaj. Peb pom 2P1-3, ATV-I P-1. Thawj peb qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov loj thiab hom ntawm cov khoom, tus lej kawg txhais tau tias faib cov khoom hauv pem teb rau hauv cov khoom thauj khoom uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qee yam khoom. Tom ntej no, muaj kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev txhawb nqa. Tsab ntawv P tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj qhov hnyav ua vaj tse. Hauv kev xaus, daim duab kawg yog tus qauv ntawm cov qauv tsim ntawm slab, uas yog:

• 1 - ib qho nqi tsev ntxiv tau teeb tsa hauv cov khoom;
• 2 - tav (ntawm ob sab) muaj qhov nrog ntu 210 mm;
• 3 - qhov zoo sib xws, tab sis muaj 215 thiab 710 hli.

Cov khoom siv pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ntxiv, xaiv los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov cim P2-ATV-N-3, tau txiav txim siab raws li hauv qab no:

• P2 - tus qauv cim loj;
• ATV - yam ntxwv txhawb zog;
• H - qhia txog cov xwm txheej zoo, yam tsis muaj kev majeure;
• 3 - qhia tias muaj lub qhov tso pa tawm nrog lub taub 0.8 m.

Thauj khoom suav thiab teeb tsa

Kev suav ntawm cov phaj tav tau ua tiav hauv peb lub sijhawm siv cov software tshwj xeeb. Cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim hauv qab no xav tau kom raug tus nqi:

• sab zog;
• khoov impulse;
• lub zog;
• kev phom sij seismic;
• yuav muaj cov daus npog zoo li cas;
• yam khoom hauv av zoo li cas.

Daim duab kos duab tau kos, uas cov hauv qab no tau txiav txim siab:

• sib tshooj tsis;
• qib steel thiab tus lej ntawm kev txhawb nqa;
• tso cai ncua tsis.

Yog tias txhua yam ua tiav "raws li kev tshawb fawb", tom qab ntawd daim duab yuav ua kom pom tseeb, nws yuav dhau los ua qhov tseeb: yam khoom hnyav li cas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib tshooj. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, nws yuav tuaj yeem tshawb pom cov hauv qab no kom ntseeg tau:

• dab tsi ua vaj tse;
• yam khoom thiab qhov hnyav qhov khoom yuav tsum yog dab tsi.

Kev suav yog ua hauv kg / m² . Tus nqi pib rau lub tsev nyob yog 400 kg / m². Slab qhov siab txog 12 cm tsim lub nra ntawm 255 kg / m². Screed hauv pem teb tuaj yeem yog 110 kg / m². Cov kev thauj khoom yooj yim no tau faib raws cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev. Cov phaj ib txhij muab kev nruj thiab ruaj khov rau tag nrho cov khoom, uas ua rau kom nws ruaj khov thiab tiv taus.

Hauv qhov no, kev tuav pov hwm yog ib qho tseem ceeb, yog li ntawd nws tau pom zoo kom teeb tsa lub zog ntxiv ntawm ½. Ntawd yog, daim duab kawg ntawm qhov tso cai siab tshaj plaws yuav yog txog 900 kg / m².

Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog cov khoom hauv qab no:

• IP 1 hnyav 2228 kg, tus nqi yog 14,895 rubles;
• IP 2 hnyav 2027 kg, tus nqi - 23625 rubles;
• IP 3 hnyav 1500 kg, tus nqi - 18,055 rubles;
• IP 4 hnyav 1378 kg, tus nqi - 45820 rubles;
• IP 5 hnyav 2375 kg, tus nqi - 39390 rubles.

Kev txhim kho cov pob zeb ua tiav los ntawm cov hauv qab no:

• thaum tso cov slab, txheej txheej ntawm cov cement mortar tau siv rau txhua lub dav hlau kawg, koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm nkaus xwb nrog cov tshuaj khib tshiab thiaj li tsis ua txhaum lub zog ntawm cov pob qij txha; yog tias kev daws teeb meem nyob hauv lub xeev diluted rau ntau dua 1 teev, tom qab ntawd nws yuav poob nws cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm;
• qhov sib tshooj yuav tsum nce mus rau saum toj ntawm kab kab rov tav, yog li txoj hlua ntawm plaub lub ntsiab lus yuav tsum zoo ib yam;
• thaum ua haujlwm, tus neeg ua haujlwm crane tau txais kev pab los ntawm ob tus neeg ua haujlwm (cov hlua khawm), uas yuav tsum kho lub phaj kom raug; cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej thiab cov cuab yeej tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj tam sim no;
• muaj cov toj roob hauv pes (thev naus laus zis lawv tau tso cai); yog tias qhov sib txawv ntawm lub dav hlau sab saud thiab qis dua 7 cm, tom qab ntawd qhov sib txawv tau ntim nrog cov cement sib xyaw;
• hlau hinges tau txuas nrog qhov txhawb nqa, cov npoo tau khoov thiab txuas; qee zaum nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kho cov fasteners ntxiv;
• los ntawm sab nraud ntawm qhov khoom, ib qho ntug (150 cm) tseem nyob, uas yuav ua cov cib ua haujlwm.

Txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom kom raug, koj yuav tsum kawm cov cai tswj hwm. Ribbed slabs tuaj yeem sib txawv ua hom xws li:

• tsev pheeb suab;
• kab noj hniav;
• ntev.

Monolithic slabs qee zaum siv. Lawv kim thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov qauv. Ribbed slabs ua tau raws li txhua qhov kev xav tau rau cov ntsuas xws li rwb thaiv tsev suab thiab thermal conductivity. Cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no xav tau rau kev tso cov pob zeb ci:

• xis mas;
• xuab zeb;
• pob zeb zoo;
• tsheb crane (nrog lub peev xwm nqa ntawm 3-5 t);
• sledgehammer;
• rab ntaj;
• trowel;
• yas thiab hlau thoob (15 litres);
• turbine;
• ob-meter German lossis Lavxias qib;
• seem;
• kev sib xyaw ntawm gypsum;
• vuam tshuab;
• cua sov rwb thaiv tsev;
• fittings "8" thiab "10";
• cov khoom siv cua sov;
• vuam tshuab;
• hnab khib nyiab;
• fab "4" thiab "6";
• qib dej.

Ua ntej yuav txhim kho lub slab, koj yuav tsum npaj lub dav hlau. Nws yuav tsum tiaj tus, thaum qhov sib txawv raug tso cai, tab sis tsis pub tshaj 20 hli . Cov theem dej yuav tsum ua tib zoo ntsuas lub hauv paus ntawm cov ces kaum sib txawv ntawm qhov khoom, qhov zoo ib qho yuav tsum ua ke. Ib qho chaw npaj tau zoo yog tus yuam sij rau kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm lub tsev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub txav ntawm cov av. Yog tias cov av swampy lossis cov khoom nyob hauv qhov chaw qis, tom qab ntawd deformations ntawm cov qauv tuaj yeem ua tau.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws los tso lub qhov cub tsuas yog cov peev txheej . Feem ntau, kev faib khoom tau ua nyob sab hauv tsev thaum cov plag tsev tau ua tiav qhov chaw tshwj tseg rau lawv. Txhawm rau nrawm rau hauv cov pob qij txha, tshwj xeeb clamps tau muab. Txhua qhov khoob tau ntim nrog cov paj rwb txuj ci thiab txheej nrog cov tshuaj khib nyiab. Ua ntej txhim kho cov phiaj, koj yuav tsum kos daim duab ntawm lawv kev teeb tsa hauv theem. Nws kuj tseem pom zoo kom txheeb xyuas txhua qhov ntev dua. Yuav tsum muaj qhov tsawg kawg ntawm qhov khoob.

Tseem ceeb! Yuav kom tsis txhob deformations, slab yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ib txhij ntawm ob phab ntsa-nqa cov kabmob.

Xaiv cov kab xev ua cov plag tsev, koj yuav tsum tso siab rau, ua ntej tshaj plaws, ntawm kev suav ua. Lawv yuav qhia koj tias cov khoom twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv hauv qhov xwm txheej. Ribbed slabs muaj cov npoo loj ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Yog tias koj xaiv lawv kom raug, tom qab ntawd lawv yuav ua haujlwm ntev.