2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13
Cov av nplaum nthuav dav yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas hloov pauv cov pob zeb, tus qauv (av nplaum, silicate) cib vim nws cov cua sov zoo thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev. Nws tsim nyog rau phab ntsa, lub hauv paus thiab hauv qab ntoo hauv plag .… Kab lus yuav txiav txim siab qhov ntsuas no raws li qhov hnyav ntawm nthuav av nplaum qhob thaiv.
Qhov hnyav nyob ntawm dab tsi?
Zoo li txhua lub tsev thaiv, nthuav av nplaum ua vaj tsev muaj qhov ntsuas uas nws qhov hnyav tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm
- Qhov ntev (kho kom raug) … Qhov ntev thiab dav ntawm cov khoom lossis cov ntxeem tau los ntawm qhov nthuav av nplaum qhob thaiv tau ua yog ib qho ntawm qhov txiav txim siab yam.
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Qhov ntev thiab tus naj npawb ntawm voids … Hollow blocks, uas pab kom txuag tau cua sov zoo dua hauv ib lub tsev lossis ib lub tsev uas tsim los ntawm lawv, tej zaum yuav muaj los ntawm ib qho mus rau ntau qhov voids ntawm qhov loj me. Qhov ntau voids, tsawg dua lawv tus kheej qhov ntsuas ntsuas. Qhov chaw thiab tus lej ntawm qhov khoob yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov duab - feem ntau cov voids nyob sab hauv hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov duab plaub lossis kab sib txuas lus sib tham.
- Porosity … Nthuav av nplaum-ua av nplaum ua npuas ncauj, ua ntej tua, puv nrog cov pa roj (pore-forming) reagents. Qhov me me ntawm cov pores, ntau ntawm lawv - thiab, raws li, qhov sib zog nthuav dav av nplaum cib.
- Kev faib ua feem sib xyaw ua ke , uas yog nthuav av nplaum qhob. Av nplaum, xuab zeb thiab xis mas, ntxiv rau hauv pawg, los ntawm cov cib lawv tus kheej tau ua nrog kev pab los ntawm cov pwm, tau sib xyaw ua ke hauv qee yam. Qhov ntau cov cement, qhov av nplaum zoo dua yog ua tiav, qhov ruaj khov nthuav dav cov av nplaum thiab cov blocks los ntawm nws yuav ua los ntawm tus tswv. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais tau tias nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau hloov nrog cov cement feem ntau ntawm kev tsim kho qhuav siv rau kev tsim cov av nplaum nthuav dav - qhov no yuav ua rau nce tus nqi ntawm txhua lub cib (thiab tag nrho cov pawg ua ke)), thiab tseem yuav ua rau lawv tawg ntxov.
Muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv sib xyaw ua ke, cov dej noo nyob qis (cov khoom siv hauv tsev tsis poob dej), cov ntsiab lus huab cua hauv qhov hws thiab qhov khoob, nws yog qhov tseeb los txiav txim siab ntau npaum li cas ib lub thaiv.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav hnyav npaum li cas?
Cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws hauv peb lub tebchaws yog cov av nplaum nthuav dav nrog qhov ntev ntawm 40x20x20 (20x20x40) centimeters (hauv millimeters - 400x200x200, 200x200x400). Nws yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov phab ntsa uas muaj lub nra hnyav thiab cov tsev ib-zaj dab neeg. Nws kuj tseem pom nws tus kheej zoo li yog ib feem hloov pauv rau cov qhob qub M400 / M500 ua ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus . Cov qhov ntev no tau hais qhia rau hauv kev txiav txim rau txhim kho cov kua nplaum sib txuas (lossis rau cov cement-sand mortar zoo tib yam): qhov ntev tiag tiag yog 390x188x190 mm (390x190x188, xyaum zoo ib yam). Cov kws tshaj lij nyiam qhov ntev ntawm 390x190x190 mm ntau dua, vim nws muaj ob tus lej rov ua dua. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov suab sib txawv ntawm 2 txog 7. Ob lub voids muaj cov duab plaub thiab puag ncig - hauv ntu ntu ntev thaum saib los ntawm sab saum toj thiab hauv qab ntawm qhov thaiv. Peb yog puag ncig lossis plaub fab, plaub yog plaub fab; thaiv nrog 5-8 voids tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov duab sib txawv (tshwj tsis yog cov uas tsis yog tus qauv). Thaiv qhov hnyav - ntawm 10 txog 15 kg / thooj. Zoo siab - lub zog thiab tawv - lub hollow thaiv tau poob thaum tag nrho qhov hnyav tau qis dua 10 kg.
Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam ntawm nthuav av nplaum cib tau muab rau hauv qab no
Qauv | Lub zog cim | Qhov hnyav tshwj xeeb, kg |
Ceev cov khoom, qauv kg / m3 |
Kev ua kom sov, W / m ib qib | Frost tsis kam |
Nrog voids | M-35 | 11 | 750 | 0, 24 | F-25 |
M-50 | 12 | 850 | 0, 28 | F-35 | |
M-75 | 14 | 1000 | 0, 35 | ||
M-100 | 16 | 1100 | 0, 39 | F-50 | |
Tsis muaj voids | M-75 | 18 | 1300 | 0, 54 |
F-35 |
M-100 | 19 | 1400 | 0, 57 |
Thaum tau txiav txim siab ua raws li qhov xaiv tau nthuav tawm cov thaiv av nplaum nrog cov lus tshaj tawm, tus neeg yuav khoom yuav xa daim ntawv xaj mus rau lub tuam txhab xa khoom (lossis ncaj qha rau cov khw). Lub tuam txhab, tau lees txais daim ntawv thov, yuav suav qhov hnyav ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav tau thov los ntawm tus neeg siv no . Tshwj xeeb, qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub pallet nrog cov khoom txiav txim siab. Ib lub pallet ntoo hnyav txog li 80 kg - nws yuav tsum tiv taus qhov nqus tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua lub cib ua los ntawm nws. Raws li, ib "lub voos xwmfab" ntawm cov ntawv muaj 31-32 daim. Qhov hnyav ntawm ib cubic meter ntawm hollow claydite blocks yog los ntawm 496 … 512 txog 620 … 640 kg - hloov kho rau qhov sib npaug qhov loj ntawm nthuav av nplaum qhob cib hauv 40x20x20 cm. Nrog rau Euro pallet, tus nqi no nce mus txog 600 … 750 hli
Nws yog rau qhov hnyav no uas lub tsheb thauj khoom tau xaiv uas tuaj yeem thauj ntau tus lej ntawm cov khoom seem nrog nthuav av nplaum. Lub tsheb thauj khoom (lossis lub tsheb thauj khoom nqa khoom), nyeg, yuav tsum muaj ob npaug (lossis ntau qhov tshwj tseg) hais txog kev muaj peev xwm nqa tau - 1.5 tons lossis ntau dua.
Qhov tseeb yog tias txhua lub pallet nrog cov blocks yuav tau nqa thiab txav mus rau qhov siab txog li ob peb metres tom qab cov khoom xaj tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho.
Yuav ua li cas los tshuaj xyuas qhov zoo los ntawm qhov hnyav?
Hauv cov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob pob zeb) tsis muaj qhov khoob, tsuas yog rau qhov me me uas nkag mus rau tag nrho cov tuab (lossis cov khoom tawg uas suav nrog nthuav av nplaum) ntawm cov cib. Hollow thaiv qhov hnyav - 16 … 20 kg / thooj ., hauv qee qhov chaw thiab ntxiv me ntsis. Qhov zoo - hais txog lub zog, tus nqi ntawm kev tso cai thauj khoom - tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov hnyav, tab sis nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los tshuaj xyuas cov pawg ntawm kev thaiv kom ua raws li GOST raws li kev sib xyaw: 50% nthuav av nplaum, 30% ntxuav cov dej xuab zeb, 10% dej thiab 10% Portland xis mas.
Tsaug rau qhov pom kev, tus neeg tsim khoom poob qis hauv kev ntseeg tau ntawm lub tsev raug tsa. Piv txwv, ib qho khoom thaiv tau siv rau lub hauv paus, nqa cov phab ntsa thiab phab ntsa "rooj vag" (lossis tus ncej) txhawb nqa. Hollow - feem ntau yog phab ntsa faib (kab hlau rhuav phab ntsa). Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv cua sov ntxiv, ib txheej ntxiv tau siv - vim qhov tuab ntawm cov phab ntsa los ntawm sab nraud nrog kev pab los ntawm cov ntxeem tau ntau thiab siab -void nthuav av nplaum cib. Tus neeg siv khoom txiav txim siab rau nws tus kheej tias nws nyob ze rau nws li cas - muaj zog thiab muaj zog lossis muaj cua sov ntau dua thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev, nrog rau qhov hnyav dua.
Cov av nplaum nthuav dav zoo tau tso cai thauj khoom ntawm 50 … 150 atmospheres … Txog kev sib piv, nws yuav tsum tiv taus qhov siab ntawm Venus (92 atm) yam tsis tawg. Tom qab lub sijhawm lav tas, qhov tso cai thauj khoom ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav tau txo los ntawm 1/10. Kev ntsuas cua sov raws li GOST thiab kev lag luam, cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 55 milliwatts ib square meter thaum cua txias "hla dej" ib qib Celsius. Cov av nplaum nthuav dav tsis muab ib qho me me - cov qauv tsim lossis phab ntsa yuav tsis sag txawm tias los ntawm ib lub hli, yam tsis tau suav nrog cov khoom ntawm cov pob zeb ua ke. Qhov ntom ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav yam tsis muaj voids yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 1500 kg / m3.
Yog tias cov av nplaum nthuav tawm hauv qhov thaiv tau hloov pauv los ntawm cov pob zeb tawg, cov pob zeb tawg thiab cov pob zeb tawg (lossis cov cib me me / iav tawg), tom qab ntawd qhov thaiv hnyav ntau dua - vim kev siv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ntom ntom hauv nws.
Tom qab ntawd cov no twb yog cov qhob cib yooj yim uas tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog nthuav av nplaum. Tus neeg muag khoom muaj kev ntseeg siab, ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom qhov kev thov, yuav txiav ib qho ntawm ib pawg (ib lub pallet nrog cov cib) - tus neeg siv yuav pom nws tus kheej lub qhov muag tias muaj qhov xav tau ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav hauv lawv. Cov chaw tsim khoom - thiab nrog nws tus neeg muag khoom - tsis muaj txoj cai thov kom them nyiaj ntau dua rau cov cib thaiv ua tau los ntawm pov tseg tsis tau muab los ntawm daim ntawv qhia. Yog pom qhov ua txhaum cai no, nws raug nquahu kom hloov tus muag ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
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