Nthuav Av Nplaum Thaiv (56 Duab): Qhov Ntau Thiab Tsawg Ntawm Cov Av Nplaum Nthuav Dav Thiab GOST, Cov Chaw Tsim Khoom, Phab Ntsa Thiab Slotted, Tus Yam Ntxwv, Qhov Zoo Thiab Qhov

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Nthuav av nplaum qhob thaiv tsev yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev, hauv kev tsim cov cement, xuab zeb, dej tau siv. Cov av nplaum nthuav dav kuj tau ntxiv rau cov tshuaj nrog qhov hnyav tag nrho txog 60%, nrog qhov loj ntawm 5 txog 10 hli. Qhov loj dua feem, qis zog ntawm cov khoom tiav thiab lawv qhov hnyav. Nthuav av nplaum qhob phab ntsa thaiv tau tsim raws li GOST 33126-2014. Lawv tuaj nyob hauv ntau hom sib txawv thiab siv rau lub hom phiaj sib txawv.

Pros thiab cons

Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav yog kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig . Hauv lawv cov khoom lag luam, tsis siv cov khoom siv tshuaj lom uas tsim kev puas tsuaj, uas ua rau lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev tsim cov tsev nyob thiab cov tsev pej xeem.

Muaj lwm cov txiaj ntsig ib yam nkaus

1. Cov khoom cua sov zoo heev . Blocks ua los ntawm cov khoom siv raw zoo raws li cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ua kom sov sov nyob hauv chav. Vim tias qhov tshwj xeeb no, lawv tuaj yeem siv hauv kev tsim cov tsev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv huab cua hnyav.
2. Kev pab lub neej ntev Cov blocks muaj peev xwm khaws lawv cov khoom qub thiab cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo rau 70 xyoo.
3. Zoo suab rwb thaiv tsev zoo , muab los ntawm voids sab hauv cov khoom.
4. Refractoriness . Thaiv tsis kub hnyiab thaum raug qhib rau nplaim taws. Thaum ua kom sov, lawv tsis tso cov tshuaj lom rau hauv cov cua.
5. Lub zog . Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau aerated qhob, nthuav av nplaum blocks muaj zog dua. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, lawv tsis xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntxiv nrog cov pob zeb siv "siv".
6. Siab adhesion , ua tiav los ntawm qhov ntxhib nto.
7. Dej ua pa permeability . Nthuav av nplaum cov khoom siv ua vaj tsev, ntxiv rau ntoo ntuj, tuaj yeem "ua pa", vim qhov tsim kom muaj huab cua zoo nyob hauv chav.
8. Tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov kab mob phem , kev tsim cov pwm thiab kab mob.
9. Tiv taus txhua yam huab cua . Cov khoom tsis ntshai ntawm tshav ntuj ncaj qha, nag lossis daus, te, kub hloov pauv sai.

Hauv kev sib piv rau cov roj silicate blocks, nthuav av nplaum yog pheej yig dua. Ib qho ntxiv, vim qhov pom ntawm cov khoom siv, tsis tas yuav tsum tau them tus nqi nyiaj txiag ntxiv rau kev tsim kho lub hauv paus loj.

Cov khoom siv loj hauv kev sib piv nrog cib (1 thaiv los ntawm ntim tuaj yeem hloov 7 av nplaum tuav). Ua tsaug rau cov yam ntxwv no, qhov nrawm thiab yooj yim ntawm cov masonry tau nce ntau.

Cov av nplaum nthuav dav tsis yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws hauv tsev . Nws, zoo li txhua tus neeg, muaj qee qhov tsis zoo. Qhov tsis zoo suav nrog kev ua tsis tau zoo, vim cov khoom lag luam tsis zam kev poob siab thiab kev thauj khoom tsis zoo. Thaum ua, txiav lossis pom cov khoom siv hauv tsev, daim tawv nqaij, kab nrib pleb thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag tau yooj yim tsim los ntawm nws.

Qhov tsis zoo suav nrog qhov tsis tuaj yeem pom ntawm phab ntsa thaiv , uas yog vim li cas cov qauv tsim los ntawm lawv xav tau kev sab nrauv ntxiv thiab sab hauv nrog cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj.

Cov blocks ua li cas?

Cov khoom siv yog tsim hauv cov chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm txhua lub tuam txhab sib txawv . Piv txwv li, cov tuam txhab sib txawv siv cov khoom sib txawv sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv raw, qee cov tuam ntxhab muab rau qhov muaj cov yas ntxiv rau hauv kev tsim los txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cov khoom. Hauv cov chaw tsim khoom loj, cov blocks tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv thauj khoom.

Cov lag luam me siv cov kab nyob ruaj ruaj - lawv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis lawv kuj pheej yig dua. Rau kev tsim khoom ntawm tus kheej, siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, pwm thiab vibropress.

Kev tsim ua tes muaj ntau theem

Kev npaj cov khoom siv raw . Txhawm rau ua 100 kg ntawm cov tshuaj khib raws li daim ntawv qhia ua haujlwm, koj yuav xav tau 54.4 kg ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav, 27.2 kg ntawm cov xuab zeb puag, 9, 21 kg ntawm cov cement thiab 9.09 kg dej. Nrog kev nce qib ntawm cov cement, lub thaiv yuav tau txais lub zog ntxiv, tab sis qhov no yuav ua rau nws hnyav dua thiab ua rau cov cua sov tsis zoo. Txhawm rau npaj qhov kev daws teeb meem, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los muab cov khoom sib xyaw rau hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke hauv cov txheej txheem nruj: ua ntej, kua tau nchuav, tom qab ntawd nthuav av nplaum thiab xis mas, xuab zeb - kawg. Tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yam tsawg 2 feeb.

Sau nrog cov ntawv sib xyaw . Txhawm rau kom cov ziab ziab kom tawm tau yooj yim, sab hauv ntawm cov ntawv yuav tsum tau greased nrog cov roj siv. Lawv tau teeb tsa ntawm lub rooj vibrating thiab ua kom sib npaug nrog cov khoom siv sib tov. Txhawm rau daws qhov kev daws teeb meem, koj yuav tsum tig lub vibrator ib ntus - qhov kev co yuav pab txhawb kev faib khoom ntawm cov pob zeb ua ke.

Kom qhuav ntawm cov blocks . Cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum sawv ntsug 24 teev, tom qab uas cov blocks yuav tsum tau rub tawm thiab tso tawm, muab qhov nrug nruab nrab ntawm lawv 2-3 cm. tau txais cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws.

Kev tsim cov av nplaum nthuav dav ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau ua tiav raws li tib txoj cai . Qhov sib txawv nyob hauv cov txheej txheem siv tshuab. Ntawm cov tuam txhab, tshwj xeeb autoclaves tau siv rau qhov kawg ziab cov khoom. Hauv cov chav zoo li no, vim qhov kub siab, lub sijhawm ziab kom qhuav los ntawm 28 hnub mus rau 12 teev.

Khoom

Qee yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub zog thiab qhov ceev. Thawj qhov ntsuas cuam tshuam rau kev muaj peev xwm ntawm phab ntsa, qhov thib ob - ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab rwb thaiv tsev suab . Qhov thaiv ntom sib txawv ntau yam. Tus nqi yog los ntawm 500 txog 1800 kg / m3. Nws ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav siv: qhov me me feem, qhov ntau dua qhov ntom ntom. Tus nqi yam tsawg kawg ntawm lub zog ntawm cov khoom yog 35 kg / cm2, qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 250 kg / cm2.

Kev hloov cua sov yog cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov thaiv . Piv txwv li, rau cov khoom lag luam nrog qhov ntom ntom ntawm 500 kg / m3, kev hloov pauv cua sov yuav tsis ntau dua 0.24 W / ms, thiab nrog qhov ceev ntawm 1800 kg / m3 - 0.81-0.90 W / ms.

Raws li GOST, thaiv nthuav cov av nplaum ua cov khoom siv tau tsim nrog ntau chav kawm ntawm kev tiv taus te:

• F 25;
• F 35;
• F 50;
• F 75 ib.

Cov lej hauv qhov cim qhia txog tus naj npawb ntawm khov thiab thaws mus los ntawm qhov thaiv kom puv nrog cov kua (tsis muaj kev poob ntawm cov txuj ci thiab kev ua tau zoo).

Txhua hom kev nthuav dav cov av nplaum ua cov khoom muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws siab - lawv chav kawm kev nyab xeeb hluav taws yog A1 . Qhov no txhais tau tias cov thaiv tuaj yeem tiv taus raug nplaim taws qhib rau 8 teev yam tsis muaj kev sib tsoo.

Hom kev txheeb xyuas

Cov neeg tsim khoom tsim ntau hom kev nthuav dav av nplaum. Nyob ntawm qib sau, lawv tau muab faib ua khoom, hollow thiab slotted. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm corpulent, muaj nyob ntawm cov huab cua sab hauv kab noj hniav tsis tau muab. Yog tias peb piv lawv nrog cov hollow, tom qab ntawd lawv txawv ntawm qhov hnyav dua thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo dua . Vim tias qhov tshwj xeeb no, cov khoom thaiv feem ntau siv rau kev tsim cov qauv, uas yuav raug rau lub nra hnyav yav tom ntej.

Cov khoom hollow muaj los ntawm (qhov cua) lossis kab noj hniav ib nrab … Ua tsaug rau qhov tsis zoo, cov khoom siv hauv tsev muaj qhov hnyav dua thiab txo cov cua sov ua kom sov. Cov kab noj hniav yog cov duab plaub lossis cylindrical. Cov khoom cua muaj qhov cua kab noj hniav.

Hollow blocks yog pheej yig dua cov khoom thaiv.

Cov khoom lag luam slotted muaj tus lej sib txawv ntawm qhov ntev lossis sib nrug nyob ntawm qhov qhib (los ntawm 6 txog 13) . Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog qhov rau-qhov thaiv qhov. Nws yog tsim los rau kev tsim cov phab ntsa sab nrauv. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev slotted yuav raug nqi ntau dua li cov hollow.

Thaiv kuj tau cais los ntawm kev ua haujlwm . Lawv yog phab ntsa, muab faib lossis ntsib. Txhua hom tsiaj nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv.

Phab ntsa

Tsim los rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem sab nraud. Kev daws teeb meem ntawm phab ntsa yog ob qho tag nrho lub cev thiab nrog huab cua voids. Cov txheej txheem txheem ntawm cov khoom lag luam yog 400x200x200 mm. Qhov loj me me tso cai rau koj txhim kho phab ntsa sai thiab txo kev siv cov cement ua haujlwm.

Muab faib

Feem ntau lawv tau siv rau kev tsim kho cov txheej txheem sab hauv uas tsis ua haujlwm hnyav. Tsis zoo li yav dhau los, lawv muaj qis dua, muaj peev xwm qis dua. Cov khoom lag luam tsim tawm hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg 400x200x200 mm, thiab cov tuam ntxhab kuj muab cov kev daws teeb meem uas tsis yog-tus qauv.

Ntsib

Cladding blocks tau tshwm sim hauv khw tsis ntev dhau los thiab tseem tsis tau muaj sijhawm kom tau txais koob meej loj. Lawv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb:

• ntau yam xim palette;
• ntom thiab du nto tsis muaj qhov ntxhib, kab noj hniav thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag sab nraud (tseem muaj cov khoom lag luam muag uas tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov pob zeb ntuj)
• qhov tseeb geometry.

Cov xim muaj xim tuaj yeem siv rau sab nrauv sab nrauv ntawm cov tsev, thaum txhim kho laj kab thiab kho vaj tsev.

Qhov ntev thiab qhov hnyav

Qhov loj tshaj plaws qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom thaiv rau phab ntsa masonry yog 390x190x188 mm. Thaum ua haujlwm cov khoom zoo li no (nrog cov txheej txheem phab ntsa tuab ntawm 400 mm), nws tuaj yeem txhim kho cov qauv hauv 1 thaiv. Cov tuam ntxhab kuj tsim cov khoom thaiv me me thiab loj. Lawv qhov ntev tau hais los ntawm TU. Nrov qhov ntau thiab tsawg:

• 190x188x390 hli;
• 200x100x200 hli;
• 390x290x188 hli;
• 390x90x188 hli;
• 390x80x188 hli;
• 288x190x188 hli.

Kuj tseem muaj cov khoom lag luam ntawm 300x200x200 mm ntawm kev muag. Raws li txoj cai GOST 6133-99, cov qauv yuav muaj qhov sib txawv me me. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov dav thiab ntev - mm 3 hli, qhov siab - mm 4 hli, phab ntsa tuab - ± 3 hli . Cov neeg tsim khoom kuj feem ntau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov block. Piv txwv, nws tuaj yeem yog cov qauv nrog qhov ntev ntawm 400x400x200 mm.

Qhov loj ntawm cov khoom lag luam nyob ntawm ntau yam: qhov loj me ntawm cov qauv, qhov tsis sib xws, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm thawj qhov kev daws teeb meem (cov av nplaum nthuav dav tau siv hauv kev tsim, qhov hnyav ntau dua ntawm cov khoom tiav). Qhov hnyav tsawg kawg ntawm cov qauv txheem yog 8 kg, qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 22 kg. Cov kab mob me me loj loj muaj qhov hnyav dua.

Chaw tsim tshuaj paus

Ntau lub tsev tsim khoom hauv tsev tau koom nrog tsim ntau hom kev nthuav dav av nplaum. Cia peb teev cov nyiam tshaj plaws.

Kstovo nthuav av nplaum cog cog . Ua cov qauv siv siv cov av nplaum nthuav dav ntawm 5-10 hli. Cov khoom siv yog tsim ntawm Rifey-Polyus cov kab siv tshuab. Lub tuam txhab koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov khoom khov thiab plaub-qhov thaiv.

" Teplostroy IM ". Lub tuam txhab tau tsim hauv Cheboksary. Tau tsim cov khoom sib dhos ua ke hnyav ua ke txij li xyoo 2005. Cov khoom tsim tawm yog 1500 cov khoom ib hnub. Txog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev, lub tuam txhab yuav nthuav av nplaum 10-20 hli, uas tau txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv cov feem me me-5-7 hli.

Ishleyskiy cog ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev . Ib ntawm thawj cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm nthuav av nplaum hauv Chuvashia. Lub tuam txhab tau tsim xyoo 2000. Hauv thawj xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov qauv tau tsim los siv cov cuab yeej siv hauv tsev. Hnub no txoj kab tsis siv neeg "Rifey-Universal" tau siv rau lawv cov khoom. Kev tsim khoom txhua hnub ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog 1200 yam khoom.

Ploog 21 . Lub tuam txhab koom nrog tsim cov hollow av nplaum thaiv hauv Novocheboksarsk. Qhov khoom tsim tau siab tshaj tuaj txog 1500 yam khoom hauv ib hnub. Bloks 21 muab nws cov neeg siv khoom nws tus kheej xa khoom thiab tshem tawm.

EcoBlock . Loj hom thaiv chaw tsim tshuaj paus. Cov nroj tsuag nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Naberezhnye Chelny. Muab cov qauv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg tsis yog tus qauv, nrog rau kev daws teeb meem zoo nkauj rau kev ua haujlwm. Lub tuam txhab koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov thaiv uas tsis muaj xuab zeb. Nthuav av nplaum, xis mas thiab dej tau siv los npaj cov tshuaj.

Cov chaw tsim khoom nrov ntawm cov ntawv nthuav av nplaum kuj suav nrog cov tuam txhab "AlyansStroy", "PF Veles", "GK Mercury", "Forward".

Cov cheeb tsam uas siv hauv kev tsim kho

Cov av nplaum nthuav dav tau siv hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb tau ntau xyoo lawm. Siv cov khoom siv no, koj tuaj yeem txuag tau tus nqi tsim kho.

Ntau lub tsev tsim thiab cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav

• Lub hauv paus . Txog qhov no, cov qauv siv tag nrho lub cev ruaj khov tshaj plaws tau siv - lawv muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov hnyav. Lub hauv paus yuav sawv ntsug ntev, vim cov thaiv tsis thim thiab tsis ntshai dej hauv av.
• Base / plinth . Qhov no yog "ko taw" ntawm tus qauv, uas nyob ntawm lub hauv paus.
• Bearing phab ntsa, faib thiab qab nthab . Lawv tau siv dav hauv kev tsim qis hauv kev tsim vaj tsev uas tsis ntau tshaj 3 plag tsev.
• Da dej . Txhawm rau kom lub tsev nthuav tawm rau qhov kub thiab txias kom sawv ntsug ntev, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb los muab nws cov dej tsis zoo thiab rwb thaiv tsev.
• Garages, cellars thiab cellars .
• Gazebos, verandas thiab terraces, ntau yam ntxiv rau lub tsev nyob lossis tsev . Ob lub tsev qhib thiab kaw tau tsim los ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav.
• Laj kab Cov txheej txheem zoo li no feem ntau txhim kho los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev, piv txwv li, nthuav cov qauv av nplaum, ntoo, cov khoom siv hlau ua. Nrog txoj hauv kev kom raug rau kev tsim, lub laj kab yuav zoo li qub.

Txhua xyoo, kev tsis siv tus qauv ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav yog ntau thiab ntau dua . Lub rooj zaum hauv vaj tau tsim los ntawm lawv - lawv feem ntau dhau los ua qhov qub thiab pheej yig daws rau kev txhim kho ntawm qhov chaw so. Los ntawm nthuav cov qauv av nplaum, koj tuaj yeem tsim lub sam thiaj, ntaiv, zoo.

Cov thaiv uas muaj qhov khoob loj kuj tseem siv los ua paj txaj . - lawv yuav coj kev zoo nkauj thiab ci ci rau qhov chaw. Rau qhov tsim muaj xim zoo nkauj, cov thaiv tuaj yeem pleev xim rau hauv cov xim uas xav tau.

Kev suav pes tsawg

Kev tsim lub tsev, hauv qab daus, lub tsev hauv tebchaws lossis lwm yam kev tsim nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes yog qhov teeb meem nyuaj thiab kim nyiaj txiag. Txhawm rau txuag peev nyiaj, koj yuav tsum npaj qhov kwv yees ua ntej thiab suav qhov yuav tsum tau muaj tus lej.

Ua tsaug rau cov lus teb raug, nws tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev siv nyiaj ntawm kev yuav khoom ntau dhau.

Txhawm rau suav tus lej xav tau ntawm cov thaiv, koj yuav tsum ntsuas. Algorithm ntawm kev ua:

• laij ib puag ncig ntawm tus qauv (txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog xam tag nrho txhua sab ntawm lub duab plaub);
• qhov txiaj ntsig yuav tsum tau muab faib los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm 1 module - qhov no tus lej ntawm cov tseev kom muaj los tsim 1 kab yog txiav txim siab;
• los xam tag nrho cov kab, faib qhov siab ntawm lub tsev los ntawm qhov siab ntawm qhov thaiv;
• txhawm rau txheeb xyuas tus lej xav tau ntawm cov thaiv, koj yuav tsum muab cov lej tau txais hauv cov ntsiab lus 2 thiab 3.

Hauv qhov no, nws tsis tsim nyog noj cov khoom siv hauv tsev, vim tias kev suav tsis suav nrog lub qhov rooj thiab qhov rooj qhib. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv lub laij lej online los xam tus lej ntawm cov block.

Txij li cov thaiv tau khaws cia rau ntawm cov khoom seem, koj kuj yuav tsum suav pes tsawg tus nyob ntawm lub pallet . Tus lej yuav nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm pallet, ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab nws qhov ntev. Piv txwv li, yog tias 60 qhov nthuav dav cov av nplaum tau muab tso rau ntawm lub pallet, faib cov naj npawb ntawm cov thaiv los ntawm tus nqi no.

Masonry sib tov

Masonry mortar yuav tsum muaj qee yam khoom uas yuav muab cov qauv tsim los ntawm thaiv qhov xav tau lub zog. Rau qhov no, qhov yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis pom hauv kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw. Nws raug nquahu kom siv hluav taws xob lossis phau ntawv tov khoom sib xyaw ua ke los npaj cov tshuaj khib . Yog tias nws tsis nyob ntawd, cov ntim uas tsim nyog nrog lub ntim xav tau yuav ua.

Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tov ntau qhov kev daws teeb meem ib zaug - tus lej yuav tsum tau muab xam kom nws txaus rau 2 teev ua haujlwm.

Txhawm rau ua cov nplaum nplaum koj yuav xav tau:

• MAAs (qib tsis qis dua M 400);
• xuab zeb (nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los nqa cov xuab zeb dej);
• dej.

Pom zoo piv ntawm cov xuab zeb, xis mas thiab dej – 3: 1: 0, 7, ib . Yog tias tsim nyog, cov dej tuaj yeem nce lossis txo qis - qhov kev hloov pauv hauv ib qho kev qhia lossis lwm yam nyob ntawm qhov pib ntawm cov av noo ntawm cov xuab zeb. Txhawm rau npaj cov tshuaj, koj ua ntej yuav tsum sib tov cov khoom sib xyaw qhuav, tom qab ntawd ntxiv cov kua ua ib feem. Qhov sib xws yuav tsum zoo li tuab qaub cream.

Raws li kev suav nruab nrab, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias rau 1 m3 ntawm cov blocks, 0.2 m3 ntawm nws tus kheej npaj cov cement slurry yuav tsum tau ua. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua tiav kuj tseem muag . Ntau yam tshuaj ntxiv tau ntxiv rau lawv, ua tsaug rau qhov ua tiav qhov hnyav tau txais cov yas ntau dua. Qhov nruab nrab, txhawm rau ua kom tiav 1 m2 ntawm masonry, kwv yees li 30 kg ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua tiav yuav tsum tau ua. Cov ntawv npaj ua tau yooj yim siv. Lawv qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb, piv rau kev npaj ua tus kheej, yog lawv cov nqi ntau dua.

Masonry tswvyim

Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov masonry ntawm nthuav av nplaum qhob blocks. Kev xaiv nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv huab cua, xav tau phab ntsa tuab thiab tus kheej nyiam ntawm tus tsim tawm.

Txhawm rau ua kom raug 1 kab, koj yuav tsum tau thov lub plhaub dej tsis haum rau lub hauv paus . Koj yuav tsum tau pib ua haujlwm los ntawm cov ces kaum. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, kev daws teeb meem tau muab tso rau hauv cov phiaj nrog txheej txog li 3 cm. Thaum tau teeb tsa cov qauv hauv 4 lub ces kaum, lawv raug nias. Ib qib tsev tau siv los tshuaj xyuas txoj haujlwm raug. Ntxiv mus, raws cov kab lus kaum, koj yuav tsum rub txoj hlua - raws nws kab, 1 kab ntawm cov qauv yuav tau tso.

Peb teev cov phiaj xwm masonry nrov

1. Ib nrab thaiv . Nrog rau txoj hauv kev no, qhov thaiv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus raws qhov ntev (qhov no, phab ntsa tuab yuav sib npaug rau qhov dav ntawm 1 module). Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau yog siv thaum txhim kho vaj tse hauv tsev.
2. 1 thaiv dav . Qhov no yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws. Tsis zoo li 1 cov phiaj xwm, hauv ib square meter ntawm cov masonry, kwv yees li 2 zaug ntau cov blocks yuav koom nrog. Txoj kev no yog siv hauv kev tsim vaj tsev nyob thiab chaw tso tsheb. Hauv qhov no, phab ntsa tuab yuav sib npaug rau qhov ntev ntawm 1 nthuav av nplaum thaiv. Vim li ntawd, koj tau txais cov qauv ruaj khov, txhim khu kev qha thiab sov, uas nws tsis tas yuav muab cov rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv.
3. Zoo masonry . Nws yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim 2 phab ntsa los ntawm nthuav cov qauv av nplaum: sab hauv thiab sab nrauv. Muaj cov voids nruab nrab ntawm lawv, npaj rau lawv tom qab ntim nrog cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev.

Thaum tso kab kawg, nws raug nquahu kom txhawb nrog txheej txheej ntawm cov pob zeb ua ke lossis ua kom siv txoj hlua khov. Nws yuav pab kom faib cov khoom thauj los ntawm lub ru tsev hla cov phab ntsa.

Txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem

Rau kev tsim kho cov tsev nyob ib leeg, tsev pheeb suab lossis cov tsev tsim tawm, cov av nplaum nthuav dav tau siv ntau thiab ntau zaus. Cov neeg tsim tsev sau tseg qhov zoo hauv qab no ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no:

• tus nqi qis;
• sijhawm tsim kho nrawm vim qhov loj ntawm cov thaiv;
• qhov hnyav tsawg, vim tias cov masonry tuaj yeem ua ntawm nws tus kheej yam tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb;
• tau txais cov masonry ruaj uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav;
• muaj peev xwm ua kom pheej yig ua tiav siv plaster.

Qee tus neeg tsim khoom tau suav tias yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv tsim "choj txias" thaum tsim cov pob zeb, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem thaum pom tawm cov thaiv . Txiav txim los ntawm qee qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, txhawm rau tsim kom pom qhov microclimate zoo nyob hauv vaj tsev nyob hauv huab cua txias, yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv ntxiv.