2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-16 04:44
Cov pawg sib koom ua ke tau txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem ua vaj tse nrog ntau ntu, suav nrog ntau yam uas cuam tshuam nrog. Lawv tsim kev txhawb nqa mus txog rau peb caug-rau meters ntev. Cov xwm txheej tsim khoom tau teev tseg hauv GOST 19804-2012. Cov txheej txheem no tau lees paub hauv rau rau lub tebchaws ntawm Soviet Union, thiab pib siv rau hauv Russia thaum pib xyoo 2014.
Daim ntawv thov
Ib qho ntawm cov pob zeb txhawb ntxiv tau siv los txhawb lub hauv paus thiab sib sib zog nqus mus rau theem ntawm cov av siab. Yog tias lub hauv paus tsis zoo rau hauv av, tom qab ntawd lub hauv paus yuav tsis ruaj khov, uas yuav ua rau cov av poob rau hauv qab lub tsev loj.
Kev sib sau ua ke tau siv thaum cov av saum toj ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho tsis ruaj khov: yog tias nws muaj cov tuab ntau dua li qhov ntev ntawm pawg. Raws li txoj cai, nws tsis raug tso cai los txhawb lub hauv paus ntawm pawg ntawm cov av tsis ruaj khov xws li peaty av, peat bogs, kua thiab cov av nplaum zoo heev, av nplaum. Hauv cov av uas tau hais los saum toj no, tsuas yog lub hauv paus pawg yuav muaj kev ruaj khov thiab tsim nyog muaj peev xwm.
Ib qho ntxiv, cov pawg tau siv hauv kev kho dua ntawm cov hauv paus uas twb muaj lawm, uas ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus no. Rau qhov no, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov loj ntawm cov qauv siv, suav nrog tsib-meter ntu.
Cov khoom siv ua vaj tsev txhawb nqa lub hauv paus ntawm cov chaw. Cov txheej txheem zoo ib yam feem ntau siv los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim kho uas tsis muaj pawg tsav tsheb.
Ib txheej txheem av yog ntev 12 meters . Kev sib xyaw ua ke cov pob zeb ua ke kuj tseem siv tau thaum nws tsis tuaj yeem siv cov pawg ua ke vim yog cov xwm txheej geological. Xws li cov pawg tau siv, piv txwv li, hauv kev tsim kho ua haujlwm nyob rau thaj tsam Moscow, rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov tsev nyob, cov tsev tsim khoom thiab ntau lub tsev pej xeem.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txhawb nqa pawg pob zeb yog hloov cov khoom ntsug. Qhov no yuav zam kev nqaim ntawm cov qauv thaum tsim kho thiab ua haujlwm.
Hauv av, koj tuaj yeem siv tsis tau ib qho, tab sis txhua hom, muab tias muaj txheej txheej pob zeb tsis muaj zog ntawm qhov xav tau tob ntawm cov av thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa.
Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, cov pawg sib xyaw yuav tsum tau kuaj qhov zoo li qub, uas yuav qhia txog lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv hom kev thauj khoom. Cov pob qij txha ntawm cov pob qij txha kuj tau kuaj xyuas qhov kev nyuab siab. Hauv kev tsim cov hauv paus, cov pawg xws li dai thiab khib pawg tau siv.
Yog tias nws tau npaj los tsim cov tsev nrog kev nce ntxiv hauv kev thauj mus los, nws zoo dua tsis txhob siv cov pob zeb sib xyaw los tso lub hauv paus.
Tsim
Kev sib sau ua ke tau tsim raws li GOST cov qauv. Lawv suav nrog ib feem ntawm sab saud thiab qis dua.
Cov pawg no muaj ntu xws li:
- 30x30 cm - qhov ntev ntawm ntu zoo li ntawm 14 txog 24 meters;
- 35x35 cm, 40x40cm - ntawm 14 txog 28 meters.
Qhov ntev ntawm qhov chaw sib yuav sib txawv. Hauv cov khoom lag luam, ntu uas yog 30x30 cm, qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus qis yog los ntawm 7 meters, uas nce nrog txhua qib mus rau 12 meters; rau pawg nrog ntu hla ntawm 35x35 cm thiab 40x40 cm, qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus no yog los ntawm 8 txog 14 meters. Raws li rau ntu ntu sab saud, rau pawg 30x30 cm nws nyob hauv 5-12 meters, thiab rau pawg 35x35 thiab 40x40 nws yog 6-14 meters.
Docking tau ua tiav hauv cov hauv qab no:
- vuam txuas ntawm qhov ntxig nozzle;
- kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntawv hlau hlau uas nyem lub pawg ncej;
- bolted kev twb kev txuas ntawm crimping caij;
- kev sib txuas nrog lub xauv xauv;
- tus pin kev twb kev txuas.
Cov pawg sib xyaw yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog lub tawb ntev uas ua los ntawm tus pas nrig ntawm chav kawm A2 thiab A3 nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 13-20 mm. Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub thoob yog ua los ntawm cov hlau mesh ua los ntawm B-1 xaim nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txoj kab uas hla ntawm 5 hli.
Rau kev tsim tawm ntawm lub cev ntawm pawg, hnyav ua vaj tsev ntawm chav kawm tsis qis dua M200 tau siv. Qhov txhaws yog cov pob zeb zoo zom zom nrog txoj kab uas hla tsis tshaj 40 hli.
Kev txhawb zog tuaj yeem ua tiav siv cov cuab yeej ua ntej nruj. Ua ntej lub pob zeb tau nchuav rau hauv cov pwm, lub tawb txhawb nqa tau nthuav tawm los ntawm hydraulic nkaus. Cov cuab yeej tsim khoom no muab cov pawg ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws rau kev ntxhov siab.
Cov yam ntxwv sib txawv
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm hom kab ntsia hlau no yog txuas ntxiv ntawm lub thoob ntev mus rau tus nqi uas xav tau siv txuas txuas txuas. Qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm ob feem yog sawv cev los ntawm kev sib txuas nruj nrog lub vuam txuas.
Yog tias koj ua raws lub tsev thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim khoom, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txuas cov ntsia hlau txuas ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom, kev ua haujlwm ntev, lub zog thiab ruaj khov ntawm lub hauv paus.
Qhov no yog txiav txim siab los ntawm lub zog ntawm cov av thiab cov peev txheej ntawm cov khoom, uas tau txiav txim siab los ntawm lub zog ntawm cov khoom.
Kev qhia tshwj xeeb
Hauv cov lus hauv qab no, koj yuav pom qee qhov kev suav suav:
| Pawg 30 * 30 cm, ntev 13-24 meters | Tshooj seem 300 hli, koob 1.011.1-10, nqe 1 | |||||||||
| Lub Npe | Ntev (hli) | Dav (hli) | Qhov siab (hli) | Nyhav (tuj) | Ntim (cubic meters) | Tshooj lus | Qhov hnyav (t) | Ntim (cubic meters) | ||
| C130-SV | 13, 000 | 300 | 300 | 1, 2 | S50.30-Hnub kaum rau | 1, 13 | 0, 45 | |||
| C140-SV | 14, 000 | 3, 2 | 1, 3 | S60.30-Hnub kaum rau | 1, 4 | 0, 54 | ||||
| C150-SV | 15000 | 3, 4 | 1, 4 | S70.30-Hnub kaum rau | 1, 6 | 0, 6 | ||||
| C160-SV | 16000 | 1, 44 | S80.30-VSv 1/6 | 0, 72 | ||||||
| S170-SV | 17000 | 3, 8 | 1, 5 | S80.30-NSv-3 | 0, 73 | |||||
| C180-SV | 18000 | 4, 1 | 1, 6 | S90.30-Hnub 2,3/6 | 2, 03 | 0, 8 | ||||
| S190-SV | 19000 | 4, 3 | 1, 7 | S100.30-Hnub 2/6 | 2, 3 | 0, 9 | ||||
| S200-SWV | 20000 | 4, 5 | 1, 8 | C110.30-Hnub 3/6 | 2, 5 | 0, 99 | ||||
| S210-SV | 21000 | 4, 7 | 1, 9 | C120.30-Hnub 3/6 | 1, 08 | |||||
| S220-SV HWV | 22000 | .3080.30-НСв Nws. kaum rau | 0, 73 | |||||||
| S230-SV HWV | 23000 | 5, 2 | 2, 07 | C120.30-NSv. 3/6 | 2, 7 | 1, 09 | ||||
| S240-SV | 24000 | 5, 4 | 2, 2 | |||||||
| Pawg 35 * 35 cm, ntev 13-28 meters | Tshooj 350 hli, series 1.011.1-10, qhov teeb meem 1 | |||||||||
| Lub Npe | Ntev (hli) | Dav (hli) | Qhov siab (hli) | Nyhav (tuj) | Ntim (cubic meters) | Tshooj lus | Qhov hnyav (t) | Ntim (cubic meters) | ||
| C130-SV | 13000 | 350 | 4, 03 | 1, 6 | .350.35-ВСв. 2/6 | 1, 6 | 0, 6 | |||
| C140-SV | 14000 | 4, 34 | 1, 7 | .360.35-ВСв. 2/6 | 1, 9 | 0, 7 | ||||
| C150-SV | 15000 | 4, 64 | 1, 9 | S60.35-VSv-4 | ||||||
| C160-SV | 16000 | 4, 96 | S70.35-VSv. 2/6 | 2, 2 | 0, 9 | |||||
| S170-SV | 17000 | 5, 3 | 2, 11 | .380.35-ВСв. 2,4/6 | 2, 5 | |||||
| C180-SV | 18000 | 5, 6 | 2, 23 | S90.35-VSv. 2/6 | 2, 8 | 1, 1 | ||||
| S190-SV | 19000 | 5, 9 | 2, 4 | S100.35-ВСв Nws. 2/6 | 3, 08 | 1, 23 | ||||
| S200-SWV | 20000 | 6, 2 | 2, 5 | С110.35-ВСв. 3/6 | 3, 4 | 1, 4 | ||||
| S210-SV | 21000 | 6, 5 | 2, 6 | С120.35-ВСв. 3/6 | 3, 7 | 1, 5 | ||||
| S220-SV HWV | 22000 | 6, 82 | 2, 7 | С130.35-ВСв ib. 3/6 | 1, 6 | |||||
| S230-SV HWV | 23000 | 7, 13 | 2, 9 | С140.35-ВСв. 4/6 | 4, 3 | 1, 7 | ||||
| S240-SV | 24000 | 7, 44 | S80.35-NSv. 2,4/6 | 2, 5 | ||||||
| S250-SV | 25000 | 7, 75 | 3, 1 | C120.35-НСв. 3/6 | 1, 5 | |||||
| S260-SV HWV | 26000 | 8, 06 | 3, 2 | C120.35-NSv-4 | 3, 7 | 1, 47 | ||||
| S270. -SWV | 27000 | 8, 4 | 3, 4 | С140.35-ВСв. 4/6 | 4, 3 | 1, 7 | ||||
| S280-SV | 28000 | 8, 7 | 3, 5 | |||||||
| Pawg 40 * 40 cm, ntev 13-28 meters | Tshooj seem 400 hli, koob 1.011.1-10, qhov teeb meem 1 | |||||||||
| Lub Npe | Ntev (hli) | Dav (hli) | Qhov siab (hli) | Nyhav (tuj) | Ntim (cubic meters) | Tshooj lus | Qhov hnyav (t) | Ntim (cubic meters) | ||
| C130-SV | 13000 | 400 | 5, 2 | 2, 08 | .50.40-ВСв. 2/6 | 0, 8 | ||||
| C140-SV | 14000 | 5, 6 | 2, 24 | .60.40-ВСв. 2/6 | 2, 4 | |||||
| C150-SV | 15000 | 2, 4 | С70.40-ВСв. 2/6 | 2, 8 | 1, 12 | |||||
| C160-SV | 16000 | 6, 4 | 2, 6 | 80.40-ВСв. 2/6 | 3, 2 | 1, 3 | ||||
| S170-SV | 17000 | 6, 8 | 2, 7 | S90.40-Hnub 3/6 | 3, 6 | 1, 44 | ||||
| C180-SV | 18000 | 7, 2 | 2, 9 | S100.40-VSv. 3/6 | 1, 6 | |||||
| S190-SV | 19000 | 7, 6 | 3, 04 | С 110.40-ВСв Nws. 4/6 | 4, 4 | 1, 8 | ||||
| S200-SWV | 20000 | 3, 2 | С120.40-ВСв Ib. 4/6 | 4, 8 | ||||||
| S210-SV | 21000 | 8, 4 | 3, 4 | С130.40-ВСв ib. 4/6 | 5, 2 | 2, 08 | ||||
| S220-SV HWV | 22000 | 8, 8 | 3, 5 | С140.40-ВСв. 5/6 | 2, 24 | |||||
| S230-SV HWV | 23000 | 3, 7 | S80.40-NSv. 2/6 | 3, 3 | 1, 3 | |||||
| S240-SV | 24000 | 9, 6 | 3, 8 | C120.40-НСв. 4/6 | 4, 9 | 1, 94 | ||||
| S250-SV | 25000 | 10 | C140.40-НСв. 5/6 | 5, 7 | 2, 3 | |||||
| S260-SV HWV | 26000 | 10, 4 | 4, 2 | |||||||
| S270-SV HWV | 27000 | 11 | 4, 3 | |||||||
| S280-SV | 28000 | 11, 2 | 4, 5 | |||||||
Hom thiab cim
Raws li cov kev cai ntawm GOST, cov khoom sib xyaw hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- pawg nrog cov khoom seem plaub fab;
- pawg hollow nrog ntu hla ntu;
- plhaub pawg.
Cov pawg sib sau muaj cov cim ua ke zoo li 60260.35. SV, qhov twg:
- C - cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ntxiv nrog ntu ntu ntu;
- 260 - ntev ntawm txhua ntu sib xyaw hauv decimeters;
- 35 - ntu ntawm pob tw hauv centimeters;
- CB - hom kev sib txuas
Cov txheej txheem raus dej
Cov pawg sib xyaw tau tsav mus rau hauv av los ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev tsav tsheb, uas tau ua los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob lossis rauj. Tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej twg yuav tsum tau siv lub tshuab vibrators thaum txuas, txij li cov khoom sib koom hauv qhov kev cuam tshuam no tau hloov pauv thiab dhau los tsis tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm.
Kev tsav tsheb siv qhov chaw raws li hauv qab no:
- slinging qhov qis, tom qab teeb tsa lub thoob nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ncaj rau qhov chaw rauj;
- lub taub hau ntawm pawg yuav tsum tau nqa hauv qab lub taub hau ntawm pawg tsav rauj, uas tau nruab nrog cov khoom txhawb uas tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv thaum tsav tsheb;
- kev pov thawj ntawm txoj haujlwm ntsug, nruab nrab ntawm txoj kab thiab nws kev sib raug zoo rau lub axis ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov rauj rauj;
- kev tawm tsam thawj zaug yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm lub zog ntawm 20-25%, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tso kom raug ntawm thawj theem ntawm kev dhia dej;
- tom qab pawg mus txog 1.5-5 metres, kev tsav tsheb tshwm sim ntawm lub zog tag nrho kom txog thaum lub taub hau ntawm ntu ntu yog 30-50 cm siab dua hauv av;
- ntu thib ob koom nrog ib qho uas twb tau tsav mus rau hauv av (qhov tseeb ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm no);
- qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm lub tsev qiv nyiaj yuav raug txuas los ntawm hluav taws xob arc vuam, tom qab uas cov pawg sib xyaw tau tsav.
Thaum ua tiav, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv cov hlua txuas nrog tiv thaiv xeb Kuzbasslak-cov kua roj vanish.
Cov pawg hauv paus uas tau tsav yuav tsum tau siv cov hlau loj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis zoo no tuaj yeem tshem tawm tau yooj yim yog tias muaj pawg muaj zog ntau dua yam tsis tau siv cov cuab yeej txhawb zog, yog tias tsis nrog hloov zaum kawg.
Rau cov av uas muaj zog thiab muaj zog, cov pawg nrog cov txuas txuas tau siv. Hauv qab kev sib tshuam hauv ntej, lub tes tsho tau khi nrog lub qhov (socket) thaum kawg, muffled los ntawm phaj.
Lub zog nyob hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev sib txuas sib txuas ua rau lub zog ntawm tag nrho pawg, tab sis nws kuj muaj qhov txwv:
- cov peev txheej sib koom tes yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 60 tons;
- Collet pawg tuaj yeem siv tau hauv lub xeev "dai" - txwv los ntawm cov av.
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