Kev Sib Xyaw Qhuav (66 Daim Duab): Tiv Thaiv Dej Tsis Zoo Kho Cov Khoom Siv Cement Rau Hauv Pem Teb, Kev Sib Xyaw Ua Kom Tsis Muaj Dej

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-07 13:51

Tau ntau pua xyoo, cov tshuaj khib tau npaj ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw uas lawv tau ua haujlwm. Tab sis qhov no tsim tus lej ntawm qhov tsis yooj yim thiab teeb meem, vim nws nyuaj heev los tswj qhov feem sib luag thiab saib xyuas kev sib xyaw thev naus laus zis.

Tom qab tag nrho, cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho tiag tiag yog nyob deb ntawm tus qauv, tsis muaj teeb meem nyuaj npaum li cas txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm kom muaj kev huv thiab ua kom raug.

Peculiarities

Qee tus kws tshaj lij hauv tsev thiab txawm tias cov neeg tsim khoom pib xav tsis thoob vim li cas thiaj xav tau cov khoom sib tov qhuav, yog tias koj tuaj yeem ua kom paub daws koj tus kheej.

Piv rau cov tshuaj ua tsev, cov khoom ua kom qhuav sib xyaw muaj ntau qhov tseem ceeb:

• tsis tas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj txhua tus ntawm nws tus kheej thiab siv sijhawm rau qhov no;
• qhov kev faib ua feem yog qhov raug thiab ua raws cov qauv;
• koj tuaj yeem txwv koj tus kheej kom ntxiv dej thiab sib tov sib xyaw.

Tab sis txawm tias peb qhov xwm txheej no tsis ua rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov sib xyaw qhuav. Feem ntau muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim thaum kaum tawm lossis ntau pua pua pua ntawm cov tshuaj khib yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv pem teb. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev los yuav cov cement, cov kua qaub thiab lwm yam, tab sis nws nyuaj heev kom yuav cov xuab zeb zoo. Feem ntau, cov neeg yuav khoom ua lag luam ntau dua ntawm nws, thiab kev tsim khoom ywj pheej yog kev lag luam tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Txog kev kho hauv chav tsev lossis lwm chav nyob ntawm ob thiab tom ntej hauv plag tsev, ib txwm siv cov cement thiab cov xuab zeb screed hnyav heev. Yog tias koj npaj cov tshuaj los ntawm kev sib tov qhuav, koj tuaj yeem txo qhov thauj khoom hauv pem teb.

Nws yuav muaj peev xwm muab cov khoom hnyav hnyav tso rau saum lossis txo qhov xav tau rau lub zog ntawm lub hauv paus. Thiab kev txo qhov hnyav uas yuav tsum tau nqa mus rau hauv pem teb thiab thauj ib puag ncig lub tsev yuav tsuas yog qhov ntxiv. Tsis muaj qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb los siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov khoom sib tov; koj tuaj yeem npaj cov tshuaj los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua kom tsis muaj dej rau ua cov plag tsev hauv cov thawv yas loj uas siv cov khoom txuas rau kev siv hluav taws xob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 0.5 cm ntawm screed qhuav hais txog kev tawv thiab lub zog nqa tau zoo ib yam li 3 cm ntawm cov qauv qub ntawm cov cement thiab cov xuab zeb. Cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb txo qis lub sij hawm ziab ntawm txheej thiab ua kom tus kheej sib npaug ntawm cov screeds yam tsis xav tau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv rau lawv. Cov neeg tsim khoom tau tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua kom haum rau chav qhuav thiab ntub rau ntxhib thiab qhov kawg kawg.

Hom thiab yam ntxwv yam ntxwv

Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam tshuaj qhuav qhuav tam sim no muaj, lawv txhua tus yog ib ntawm ob pawg yooj yim - pawg cement lossis gypsum. Thawj pab pawg yog ua raws cov cement zoo, tab sis qhov no tsis txhais tau tias txhua yam nws kuj yog homogeneous. Yog li, thaum sib xyaw tau npaj rau hauv av, nthuav av nplaum lossis cov nplais pob zeb siv ua cov muab tub lim. Cov tshuaj zoo li no pab ua rau hauv av 3-4 cm tuab.

Tab sis qhov sib xyaw ua ke tsis haum rau tso feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv hauv ntej, thiab yog li ntawd ntau txheej txheej ntawm cov sib xyaw ua tiav tau ua nyob rau saum lawv.

Rau kev npaj cov ntu zaum kawg ntawm cov screed, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov cement tawg zoo nrog cov yas uas tau xaiv ua tib zoo xaiv. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw no yog kev tsim ua kom du thiab tsis tshua muaj lub hauv paus, uas nws yuav yooj yim rau nteg txawm tias laminate lossis linoleum. Nrog ua tib zoo xaiv cov ntawv qhia thiab ua raws nruj rau cov thev naus laus zis hauv kev tsim khoom, ib txheej tsuas yog 1 cm yog txaus rau qib kawg.

Txhawm rau kom tau txais tus kheej -qib sib xyaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv cov feem me me ntawm cov muab tub lim - qhov loj me me ntawm qhov siab tshaj 0.03 cm. Thaum ua haujlwm kho, ib qho screed feem ntau yog ua hauv qab sov, cov haujlwm no tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom.

Nws yuav tsum yog:

• yas;
• zoo permeable rau cua sov;
• tiv taus lub nra hnyav.

Gypsum sib tov, tsis zoo li pob zeb ua ke, qhuav sai thiab raug nqi tsawg dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qib ntawm cov cua sov rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov suab nrov kaw yog qhov txaus siab rau qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Rau kev npaj cov tshuaj gypsum, sau cov tshuaj nrog lub taub me me thiab ntau yam xov ntawm cov ntxhia keeb kwm raug coj los, uas ua rau muaj zog ntxiv ntawm cov qauv. Muaj peev xwm tsuas muaj ib qho teeb meem: kev sib xyaw ntawm gypsum tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog dej tsis tau. Nws tsis tuaj yeem lees txais siv nws hauv chav uas qhov av qis dua qhov nruab nrab.

Screed qhuav tau thov rau ntoo thiab pob zeb. Tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntub thiab tsis tas yuav tos kom txog thaum hauv av tau npaj rau siv. Rau kev sib piv: ib qho av xuab zeb los yog ntub dej sib tov yuav qhuav 25 hnub, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm gypsum yuav qhuav li ntawm 15 hnub. Ua ntej qhov kawg ntawm lub sijhawm no, nws tsis tuaj yeem lees txais lub hau pem hauv ntej, nws yuav yooj yim thaiv qhov dej tawm mus rau sab nraud thiab ua rau muaj kev tsis zoo.

Cov tshuaj khib sib tov npaj rau siv sab nraum zoov yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj uas ua rau tiv taus khaub thuas. Yog tias muaj, lawv cov txheej yuav tsis tsuas yog ua siab ntev rau lub caij ntuj no hnyav, tab sis tuaj yeem siv tau txawm tias nyob rau lub caij txias. Hauv feem ntau cov sib tov, ib lossis lwm cov kua ntsev tau siv rau lub hom phiaj no.

Raws li rau kev faib dav dav, cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov muag khoom sib txawv cov hom sib tov hauv qab no raws li hom kev ua haujlwm tau:

• putty;
• plaster;
• sab nraum zoov;

• tiv thaiv (nres qhov tsis zoo ntawm huab cua);
• chav sib dhos;
• masonry;

• zoo nkauj;
• primer;
• waterproofing.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov cement thiab gypsum, muaj pes tsawg tus polymers, txiv qaub thiab txawm tias qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntau dua tuaj yeem siv ua cov ntawv nplaum. Lawv ntau yam ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muab cov khoom tsis meej thiab txawm tias qhov tsis sib xws.

Kev sib xyaw qhuav rau kev tiv thaiv dej tsis zoo tsim kom tsim cov av thiab faus, tiv thaiv qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov dej noo ntawm lawv cov khoom siv yooj yim. Kev nkag mus ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv no muaj cov hauv paus cement, sib sau ua ke thiab ntau yam ntxiv. Cov qauv ntxeem tau ntawm cov khoom tso cai rau cov tshuaj sib txuas kom yooj yim nrog cov khoom tseem ceeb thoob plaws tag nrho cov tuab ntawm txheej. Qhov tshwm sim yog txheej ruaj khov thiab hydrophobic.

Capillary qhuav sib tov xav tau rau kev tiv thaiv kab rov tav . Lub sijhawm ntawm nws cov kev pabcuam yog siv tsis txwv, nws piv rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm phab ntsa tiv thaiv tshaj plaws. Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj pab tshem tawm cov kev tsis xws uas twb tau tshwm sim lawm. Sib xyaw M200 tau tsim los tsim cov masonry thiab tso cai rau koj kho cov phab ntsa ua vaj tse, ua cov nqaws ntawm cov tsev tsim. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev tso paving slabs, rau kev npaj plaster. Cov tshuaj lom hauv paus ntawm cov khoom yog Portland MAAs thiab ntxuav cov xuab zeb dej.

Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov kua qaub-cov hauv paus hauv nws cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo tshaj rau qhov sib piv ntawm gypsum, nws tiv taus cov kab mob fungal thiab tawg me ntsis, nws zoo siv rau ntoo. Cov neeg tsim khoom txaus siab rau cov khoom siv no vim nws cov ductility thiab lub sijhawm qhuav ntev.

Cov cement sib tov rau thawj qib tau ua tiav nrog nthuav av nplaum tsoo pob zeb, ntxhib xuab zeb lossis pob zeb ci. Cov kev sib xyaw ua ke no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov txheej txheem txwv qis dua cov khoom siv cua sov, tab sis nthuav cov av nplaum sib xyaw yog qhov zam rau txoj cai no. Txhawm rau tso linoleum lossis ntaub pua plag, koj yuav tsum tau muab cov txheej txheej tso rau saum, cov vuas tuaj yeem tso ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov ntxhib. Hauv tshav puam thiab ntaiv, cov screeds tuaj yeem yog txheej txheej ywj pheej.

Noj

Kev siv tshuaj tov rau 1 m3 nyob ntawm seb qhov sib piv zoo li cas rau ib hom kev sib xyaw tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis muaj teeb meem txawm tias muaj pes tsawg leeg siv los nchuav rau hauv pem teb screed lossis tsim kom muaj pob zeb ua tiav. Tseem ceeb: tus nqi ntawm cov cement tsis muaj teeb meem ib qho, nws yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau ntim. Cement particles yog qhov tsawg heev thiab nkag mus rau qhov sib cais sib cais ntawm cov xuab zeb los ntawm lwm qhov.

Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov tshuaj khib ntawm qeb M200 siv qib binder M500, koj yuav tsum ntxiv 25% cov cement thiab 75% xuab zeb. 1 kub m m ntawm cov xuab zeb muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 1, 4 tons, uas txhais tau tias tus nqi ntawm cov cement yuav yog 350 kg. Tag nrho qhov hnyav nce mus txog 1.75 tons.

Tab sis qhov no yog tus lej nruab nrab thiab, ntxiv mus, tsis suav nrog qhov ntxiv dej.

Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov sib xyaw yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev faib ua feem ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab cov cement ., nrog rau cov muab cov khoom sib faib (loj dua nws cov khoom, hnyav dua lub tsev sib xyaw). Tau kawg, txheej tuab uas koj tsim, ntau lub hnab ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas koj yuav xav siv. Kev suav yog qhov yooj yim thaum paub qhov hnyav, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum faib nws li 50 kg (tus qauv tus nqi ntawm lub peev xwm lub hnab). Kev siv cov sib tov qhuav rau kev sib khi pob qij txha tau txiav txim siab raws li cov lus qhia ntawm cov tuam ntxhab, txhua qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog nruj me ntsis tus kheej hauv nws cov yam ntxwv.

Chaw tsim tshuaj paus

Nroj tsuag rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev tau teb rau qhov xav tau los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws tsim khoom siv ua haujlwm hauv txoj kev kwv yees thiab coj mus rau tom khw ntau qhov kev xaiv rau kev sib xyaw qhuav. Tab sis txhawm rau zam kev muaj teeb meem, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau yuav tsuas yog cov qauv zoo uas tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom.

Knauf npe muaj lub koob npe tsis zoo. Cov khoom lag luam ntawm German kev txhawj xeeb suav nrog cov khoom siv gypsum thiab cov cement, qee qhov kev xaiv muaj nthuav polystyrene granules. Nrog kev pab los ntawm kev sib xyaw German, cov hauv paus nyias nyias tuaj yeem hliv tau, qhov tuab uas yog los ntawm 0.2 txog 1.5 cm.

Lwm lub npe nrov - Ceresit , kuj tseem muaj npe thoob plaws ntiaj teb thiab tau nthuav tawm hauv ntau yam kev xaiv.

Cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam Lavxias yog " Osnovit" xyuas , uas ua ob hom kev sib xyaw rau kev ua haujlwm ntxhib ib zaug. Ib qho ntawm cov hom no xav tau los npaj cov plag tsev sov, thaum lwm tus tuaj yeem dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau hauv av.

Sib tov Volma txawv sab nrauv, tab sis lawv txhua tus tau tsim los rau sab hauv ua haujlwm hauv chav da dej thiab rau sab nrauv.

Los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib xyaw, cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem muab qee yam zoo uas tso cai rau:

• ua kom tiav lub tsev sab hauv lossis sab nraud;
• npaj qhov saum npoo kom tiav;
• ntxiv dag zog rau phab ntsa;
• muab cov microclimate ib txwm nyob hauv tsev.

Txhua yam khoom lag luam Volma yog ua los ntawm cov yas thiab qhuav hauv 7 hnub. Ua tsaug rau tshwj xeeb tau xaiv cov tshuaj ntxiv, lawv ua tau ntev heev thiab ua raws li qhov huv si.

Cov xim feem ntau yog dawb, lub teeb txho lossis txho.

Cov khoom lag luam " Hercules "tsim tawm hauv Siberia thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas txhua qhov ntsiab lus ntawm huab cua Lavxias. Nws yuav pab tsim lub ntsej muag, kho thiab zom txhua yam ntawm nqaws, tshem tawm cov deformations thiab potholes. Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj niaj hnub, ua tib zoo xaiv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ua haujlwm tau ntau xyoo. Lub tuam txhab tau pib tsim cov tshuaj txhuam hniav, ua cov tshuaj plaster thiab cov tshuaj polymer-based putties, ua masonry thiab cement mortars, alabaster, tiv thaiv dej thiab kho cov tshuaj sib tov. Ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no ua tau zoo tiv taus cov dej, kev nyuab siab ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab thiab ua tau zoo heev.

Hauv qab hom " Pob Zeb Paj " M200 qhuav-hom sib dhos thiab masonry sib tov tau tsim. Qhov sib xyaw no yog tsim los ntawm Portland cov cement thiab cov xuab zeb qhuav.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm nws daim ntawv thov:

• tso cib;
• kev sib khi ntawm cov nqaws dej thiab tshem tawm cov teeb meem nrog lawv;
• qhob nchuav ntawm tus ntaiv;
• kho hauv pem teb.

Cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke tau yooj yim tiv taus txias, raug dej, thiab lwm yam tsis zoo. Cov neeg tsim khoom tau tswj kom ua tiav kev ua haujlwm siab thiab ductility. Qhov ntsuas kub zoo tshaj plaws thaum ua haujlwm yog los ntawm +5 txog +30 degrees. Kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog ua kom cov cement-lime, cement-sand substrates, qhob thiab cib ntawm txhua hom.

Daim ntawv thov thiab txoj kev pleev xim

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los npaj cov tsev sib xyaw qhuav thiab coj nws mus rau kev ua haujlwm nruj raws li daim ntawv qhia tsim los ntawm cov khw. Rau kev ua haujlwm, koj yuav xav tau dej ua kom sov txog 70-80 degrees, cov kua yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ib tus zuj zus. Kev sib xyaw yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom siv sib hloov lossis txuas ntxiv mus. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom pom meej cov kev daws teeb meem rau hauv pawg teeb thiab hnyav. Cov yeeb yaj kiab muaj pes tsawg leeg tau tsim los tiv thaiv cov qauv tseem ceeb los ntawm kev cuam tshuam dej hauv qhov chaw, nkag mus ua haujlwm hauv nws qhov ntim tag nrho.

Kev sib xyaw ntawm kev sib xyaw qhuav yog qhov ua tau, tab sis siv cov khoom sib xyaw tshwj xeeb yog qhov raug ntau dua ., nws txuag ob lub sijhawm thiab kev rau siab. Tias yog vim li cas cov kws tsim khoom ib txwm siv cov cuab yeej zoo li no, uas tso cai rau lawv ua haujlwm sai. Hauv tsev, nws tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv lub laum hluav taws xob nrog tus nplawm (lub qhov taub tshwj xeeb hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus nplawm). Qhov ntsuas yuav tsum tau siv tom qab kuaj xyuas kom nws huv huv.

Thaum ua haujlwm, ncuav dej thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd hliv cov dej sib tov qhuav rau hauv lub khob.

Tom qab tos kom cov hmoov av los khom, lawv pib sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov nrawm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los tuav lub laum lossis cov khoom sib tov kom ruaj khov kom lub cuab yeej tsis rub tawm ntawm koj txhais tes. Hauv txheej txheem kev sib xyaw, nws raug tso cai ntxiv ob qho dej thiab ntu tshiab ntawm qhov sib xyaw, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hloov pauv nws qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom thiab cov yas zoo.

Rau cov dej sib tov qhuav, cov dej sib xyaw ua ke feem ntau yog siv cov menyuam nrog cov pawg ntev. Txhawm rau ua cov ces kaum thiab pob qij txha, koj yuav tsum siv txhuam xim. Koj tuaj yeem kho xim nrog txhuam me me. Kev pleev xim ua haujlwm pib los ntawm lub ces kaum, thiab ntawm lub qab nthab - los ntawm kev sib tshuam nrog phab ntsa, uas ntog rau ntawm lub ces kaum deb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov nkag.

Cov xim pleev xim dej tau thov hauv peb txheej:

• thaum uas tig mus rau lub teeb los ntawm lub qhov rais;
• ntawm txoj cai kaum rau nws;
• mus rau lub qhov rais.

Cov Tswv Yim

Cov khoom tsim kho qhuav feem ntau siv rau hauv pem teb, vim qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws rau qib thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov qauv. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov cement-based sib xyaw qhia lawv tus kheej, gypsum yog qee qhov tsis zoo. Tsuas yog rau kev daws teeb meem nqaim ntawm qhov teeb meem nws raug nquahu kom siv cov xuab zeb zoo quartz thiab limestone. Txhawm rau tsim cov ntxig ntxig ntxig rau ntawm lub hauv paus tsis sib xws, yuav tsum tau ua ntu ntu ntxhib. Yog tias qhov kev kho tsis haum yog qhov me me, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov khoom me me txog 0.5 hli.

Nws raug nquahu kom qib cov ntoo hauv tsev nrog cov khoom sib xyaw nrog suav nrog cov hluavtaws fiberglass . Ua ntej yuav khoom, nws raug nquahu kom paub hnub tim ntawm kev tsim khoom, txij li txawm tias cov ntawv ntim tau zoo tshaj plaws nrog txheej polyethylene sab hauv tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov ntsiab lus los ntawm ntub. Nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob yuav cov peev nyiaj tsim ntau dua 3 lub hlis dhau los, lawv yuav luag tau lees tias yuav dhau mus ua phem dua li cov khoom xa tuaj tsis ntev los no. Cement leveling agents raug pom zoo rau qhov chaw deformed hnyav thiab ua rau txheej txheej ntxhib.

Gypsum tsis tuaj yeem lees txais rau kev ua haujlwm hauv chav uas muaj dej ntau, nrog rau qhov chaw hauv pem teb muaj kev ntxhov siab. Sau cov cheeb tsam loj hauv pem teb yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm tshaj lij. Kev ua tiav hauv cov cheeb tsam zoo li no tau ua tiav hauv ntu, uas tau sib cais los ntawm cov nqaws tsis siab dua 1 cm.

Ua ntej tso cov txheej txheej hauv qab, lub hauv paus yuav tsum tsis muaj plua plav thiab av.

Chav yuav tsum raug tshem tawm ntawm cov rooj tog thiab khoom txawv teb chaws . Tom qab ntxuav lub hauv paus nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev tsim, nws yuav tsum tau ua ntej. Thaum lub substrate nqus cov primer hnyav, yuav tsum muaj ob lub tsho sib tshooj sib tshooj. Nws tsis tuaj yeem lees paub los qhia txog cov dej ntau dhau thiab ntxiv cov tshuaj txawv teb chaws rau cov dej sib tov qhuav uas tsis tau muab rau hauv cov khw muag khoom cov lus qhia.

Kev sib xyaw qib yuav tsum siv ntawm huab cua huab cua tsis tshaj 85-90% ntawm qhov kub ntawm +5 txog + 25 degrees. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv ntau qhov sib tov qhuav rau 1 sq. m ntawm pem teb tshaj li qhia los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Qhov ua yuam kev tag nrho tseem yuav yog siv cov khoom siv ua tiav rau kev ua tiav thiab kho qhov tsis xws luag hauv qhov ntxhib. Thaum txheej txheej qhuav, qhov tsis xav tau yuav tshwm sim hauv txheej txheej cement.

Plaster beacons, uas yog ua los ntawm galvanized slats thiab tau tsau nruj raws li qhov qhia ntawm qib tsev, pab ua kom yooj yim sib dhos ntawm phab ntsa hauv tsev lossis chav tsev. Txhawm rau qib sib xyaw siv rau ntawm phab ntsa, nws yuav tsum tau siv txoj cai hlau.

Muaj lwm cov txheej txheem: cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa ua los ntawm cov yas tau lo rau ntawm phab ntsa, qhov no tseem yuav pab txhawb kev tsim cov txheej.

Txhawm rau xaiv qhov sib tov qhuav, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account peb qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb:

• cov xwm txheej rau kev ua haujlwm tau zoo;
• qib ntawm curvature thiab nyem saum npoo;
• tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb (uas tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm hom).

Cov qib qib cov cement ntau dua, qhov sib xyaw ua ke yuav muaj zog dua. Tab sis cov phab ntsa hauv tsev lossis chav tsev tuaj yeem npog nrog cov cement uas tsis muaj zog ntawm M150 qeb. Ntawm cov pob zeb ua ntu uas tsis tau npog nrog lub mesh ntxiv, tsis pub ntau tshaj 2 cm ntawm qhov sib xyaw tuaj yeem siv tau, thiab yog tias phab ntsa ua los ntawm cib, daim duab no yog qhov siab tshaj 2.5 cm.

Ua tib zoo xaiv cov sib tov qhuav yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom tau raws li cov kev cov nyom. Yog tias koj ua raws txhua txoj cai rau nws daim ntawv thov thiab kev npaj, koj tuaj yeem lav qhov tshem tawm ntawm lub sijhawm tseem ceeb. Tab sis yog tias muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg me me thiab thaum tsis muaj kev ntseeg tus kheej, nws yog qhov tseeb dua los tig mus rau cov kws tshaj lij.