Portland MAAs: Nws Yog Dab Tsi, Pozzolanic Thiab Sulfate-resistant Cement, Cov Khoom Thiab Muaj Pes Tsawg Leeg Raws Li GOST, Ntau Yam Thiab Hom

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Tam sim no, Portland MAAs tau raug lees paub tias yog hom ntawv feem ntau siv rau kev daws teeb meem. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb carbonate. Nws feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim cov qhob. Niaj hnub no peb yuav ua tib zoo saib seb cov yam ntxwv zoo li cas muaj nyob hauv cov khoom no, nrog rau yuav ua li cas thiaj tuaj yeem siv tau.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Ua ntej txiav txim siab tus yam ntxwv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv xws li Portland MAAs, nws tsim nyog los xam seb nws yog dab tsi.

Portland cement yog hom cement , uas yog tus neeg sawv cev tshwj xeeb hydraulic thiab khi. Rau qhov ntau dua, nws suav nrog calcium silicate. Qhov kev tivthaiv no yuav siv li kwv yees li 70-80% ntawm cov feem pua ntawm cov cement tsim.

Hom cement slurry no yog nrov thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nws tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm cov kob, uas nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Great Britain, raws li pob zeb los ntawm Portland muaj xim zoo ib yam.

Pros thiab cons

Portland MAAs muaj qhov ua tau zoo thiab tsis muaj zog.

Txhawm rau pib nrog, nws tsim nyog txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom no muaj:

• Cov yam ntxwv muaj zog zoo ntawm Portland MAAs yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg. Tias yog vim li cas nws feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm monolithic reinforced qhob qauv thiab lwm yam khoom zoo sib xws.
• Portland MAAs yog tiv taus te. Nws tsis ntshai kub tsawg. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov khoom siv tsis tau hloov pauv thiab tsis tawg.
• Cov khoom no yog dej tsis qab. Nws tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov av noo thiab noo noo.
• Portland MAAs tuaj yeem siv tau txawm tias tsim lub hauv paus hauv qhov av nyuaj. Rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no, siv cov tshuaj uas tiv taus sulfate.
• Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm Portland MAAs - txhua tus neeg yuav khoom tuaj yeem xaiv qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau nws tus kheej. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom sib zog ua kom tawv lossis tawv tawv.
• Yog tias koj yuav cov cement Portland zoo tiag tiag, tom qab ntawd koj tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb txog nws qhov kev nqaim tom ntej thiab kev hloov pauv. Tom qab kev teeb tsa, nws tsis tsim cov kab tawg lossis lwm yam kev puas tsuaj zoo sib xws.

Tsis muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo ntawm Portland MAAs. Raws li txoj cai, lawv cuam tshuam nrog cov kev daws teeb meem zoo, uas muaj ntau hauv khw hnub no.

Ntawm lawv yog cov hauv qab no:

• Thaum lub sij hawm nws ua kom tiav tawv, cov khoom siv tsis zoo raug cuam tshuam rau deformation. Qhov no yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum ua haujlwm. Tag nrho cov pob qij txha yuav tsum tau muab.
• Qhov kev daws teeb meem no tsis tuaj yeem hu ua tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig, txij li nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, ntxiv rau cov khoom ntuj, muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg.
• Kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau ua thaum tuav Portland cov cement, vim kev sib cuag nrog nws tuaj yeem ua rau tshuaj lom thiab ua rau khaus. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib cuag mus ntev nrog cov khoom no, nws muaj peev xwm khwv tau mob qog noj ntshav.

Hmoov tsis zoo, niaj hnub no ntau tus neeg yuav khoom tau ntsib nrog qhov tsis zoo Portland cement mortars. Cov khoom no yuav tsum ua raws li GOST 10178-75. Txwv tsis pub, qhov sib xyaw yuav tsis muaj zog thiab ntseeg tau.

Nta ntawm ntau lawm

Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Portland xis mas niaj hnub no muaj cov kua qaub, gypsum thiab cov av nplaum tshwj xeeb clinker, uas tau ua tiav tshwj xeeb.

Tsis tas li, hom cement no tau ntxiv nrog cov khoom kho uas txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj khib:

• muab nws nrog qhov ntom ntom kom tsim nyog;
• txiav txim siab ib lossis lwm qhov nrawm ntawm kev ua kom khov;
• ua kom cov khoom tiv taus rau sab nraud thiab yam tseem ceeb.

Kev tsim cov hom cement no yog ua raws calcium silicates. Plaster yog siv los kho qhov teeb tsa. Portland MAAs yog tsim los ntawm kev tua (raws li cov mis tshwj xeeb) qee qhov sib xyaw nrog ntau cov calcium.

Hauv kev tsim cov Portland cement, ib tus tuaj yeem ua tsis tau yog cov pob zeb carbonate. Cov no suav nrog:

• ib daim av ntawm av nplaum;
• limestone;
• silica;
• alumina.

Tsis tas li, feem ntau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov khoom siv xws li marl feem ntau siv. Nws yog ib qho ua ke ntawm cov av nplaum thiab cov pob zeb carbonate.

Yog tias peb txiav txim siab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim Portland cement hauv kev nthuav dav, tom qab ntawd peb tuaj yeem xaus tias nws muaj hauv kev sib tsoo cov khoom tsim nyog. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau sib xyaw kom raug hauv qee qhov sib piv thiab raug rho tawm hauv qhov cub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntsuas kub tseem nyob ntawm 1300-1400 degrees. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, ci thiab yaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw yog kom ntseeg tau. Hauv theem no, cov khoom lag luam hu ua clinker tau txais.

Txhawm rau kom ua tiav cov khoom lag luam, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke hauv av tau rov ua dua thiab tom qab ntawd sib xyaw nrog gypsum. Cov khoom tsim tawm yuav tsum dhau txhua qhov kev kuaj xyuas kom paub meej tias nws zoo. Cov ntawv pov thawj thiab ntseeg tau ib txwm muaj daim ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog ntawm cov qauv xav tau.

Txhawm rau tsim cov cement Portland zoo raws li qhov tshwm sim, ntau txoj hauv kev tau siv los tsim nws:

• qhuav;
• ib nrab qhuav;
• ua ke;
• ntub.

Cov txheej txheem qhuav thiab ntub feem ntau siv.

Ntub dej

Qhov kev xaiv tsim khoom no cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim Portland cov cement nrog ntxiv cov khoom tshwj xeeb carbonate (chalk) thiab cov khoom siv silicone - av nplaum.

Cov tshuaj hlau feem ntau siv:

• pyrite cinders;
• hloov sludge.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias cov dej noo ntawm cov khoom siv silicone tsis tshaj 29%, thiab cov av nplaum tsis tshaj 20%.

Txoj hauv kev ua cov cement ruaj khov no hu ua ntub, txij li kev sib tsoo ntawm txhua qhov sib xyaw tshwm sim hauv dej. Tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi raug tsim tawm ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob, uas yog kev tshem tawm ntawm cov hauv paus dej. Feem ntau, nws cov ntsiab lus noo noo ntawm 30% txog 50%.

Tom qab ntawd cov sludge raug rho tawm ncaj qha rau hauv lub cub tawg. Hauv theem no, cov pa roj carbon dioxide tawm ntawm nws. Cov pob clinker uas tshwm tuaj yog ua tib zoo av kom txog thaum lawv dhau los ua hmoov, uas tuaj yeem raug hu ua cement.

Ib nrab qhuav

Rau txoj kev tsim khoom ib nrab qhuav, cov khoom xws li txiv qaub thiab av nplaum tau siv. Raws li tus txheej txheem txheej txheem, cov khoom no tau zom thiab qhuav. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau sib xyaw, tsoo dua thiab kho nrog ntau yam ntxiv.

Qhov kawg ntawm txhua theem ntawm kev tsim khoom, av nplaum thiab txiv qaub yog granulated thiab raug rho tawm haujlwm . Peb tuaj yeem hais tias cov txheej txheem ib nrab qhuav ntawm kev tsim khoom yuav luag zoo ib yam li qhuav ib. Ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog qhov loj ntawm cov khoom siv hauv av.

Qhuav

Txoj hauv kev qhuav ntawm kev tsim Portland cement yog qhov raug lees paub tias yog kev lag luam tshaj plaws. Nws qhov tshwj xeeb muaj nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias nyob rau txhua theem ntawm kev tsim khoom, cov khoom siv raw tau siv tshwj xeeb hauv lub xeev qhuav.

Ib lossis lwm yam thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov cement ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws yog kev tsim cov khoom siv raws li qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm lub qhov cub tawg. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum siv cov khoom xws li av nplaum thiab txiv qaub.

Thaum cov av nplaum thiab cov txiv qaub tau tawg tag hauv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb crushing, lawv tau qhuav mus rau lub xeev xav tau. Hauv qhov no, qib av noo yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1%. Raws li rau kev sib tsoo ncaj qha thiab ziab, lawv tau nqa tawm hauv lub tshuab cais tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ntawd qhov sib xyaw ua ke tau hloov pauv mus rau cua sov sib pauv thiab tseem nyob ntawd rau lub sijhawm luv luv - tsis pub ntev tshaj 30 vib nas this.

Qhov no yog ua raws los ntawm theem uas cov khoom npaj tau raug rho tawm ncaj qha . Tom qab ntawd, nws tau pauv mus rau lub tub yees. Tom qab ntawd cov clinker tau "tsiv" mus rau lub tsev rau khoom, qhov uas nws yuav tau ua kom huv si thiab ntim. Hauv qhov no, kev npaj ua ntej ntawm cov khoom siv gypsum thiab txhua yam ntxiv, nrog rau kev khaws cia yav tom ntej thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm clinker yuav ua qhov qub ib yam li nrog cov txheej txheem ntub dej.

Sib xyaw

Txwv tsis pub, cov tshuab tsim khoom no hu ua ua ke. Nrog nws, sludge tau txais los ntawm txoj kev ntub, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov sib xyaw ua ke tau tso tawm los ntawm cov dej noo ntau dhau uas siv cov lim tshwj xeeb. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum txuas ntxiv mus txog qib cov av noo 16-18%. Tom qab ntawd, qhov sib tov raug xa mus rau kev tua.

Muaj lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov cement sib tov. Hauv qhov no, kev npaj qhuav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw tau muab, uas yog tom qab ntawd diluted nrog dej (10-14%) thiab raug rau tom ntej granulation. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tias qhov loj ntawm cov granules yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 15 cm. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd lawv pib tua cov khoom siv raw.

Nws txawv li cas ntawm cov cement yooj yim?

Ntau tus neeg siv khoom xav tsis thoob qhov sib txawv ntawm Portland MAAs thiab cov cement ua ke li cas.

Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tam sim ntawd clinker cement yog ib qho ntawm cov subtypes ntawm cov tshuaj qub . Raws li txoj cai, nws tau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb ua ke, uas, nyeg, yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem monolithic thiab txhawb nqa.

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov sib txawv ntawm ob txoj kev daws teeb meem yog hauv lawv qhov tsos, kev ua tau zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv. Yog li, Portland MAAs muaj zog tiv taus kub tsawg, vim nws muaj cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb ntxiv. Rau cov cement yooj yim, cov yam ntxwv no tsis muaj zog ntau.

Portland MAAs muaj xim sib zog dua li cov xis mas. Ua tsaug rau tus yam ntxwv no, cov zas xim tau txais kev cawmdim thaum tsim kho thiab ua haujlwm tiav.

Portland cement yog nrov dua thiab xav tau ntau dua li cov cement, txawm hais tias nws muaj tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws yog nws cov kws tshaj lij uas pom zoo siv nws hauv kev tsim kho, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lawv yog qhov loj.

Hom thiab yam ntxwv

Muaj ntau hom Portland cement.

• Kom qhuav sai . Xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke tau ntxiv nrog cov zaub mov thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, yog li nws ua kom tawv tawv nyob hauv thawj peb hnub. Ua tsaug rau cov yam ntxwv no, lub sijhawm tuav ntawm monolith hauv daim ntawv ua haujlwm tau txo qis. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kom qhuav sai-qhuav Portland MAAs, nws nce nws cov yam ntxwv muaj zog. Npav ua kom qhuav sai - M400, M500.
• Feem ntau hardening . Hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg xws li Portland MAAs, tsis muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv uas cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm hnyav ntawm kev daws teeb meem. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis xav tau kev zom zoo. Xws li kev sib xyaw yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv uas haum rau GOST 31108-2003.
• Yas Cov Portland cement no muaj cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb hu ua plasticizers. Lawv muab cov cement nrog kev txav mus los zoo, nce lub zog muaj zog, tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias thiab nqus dej tsawg tsawg.

Hydrophobic . Ib qho Portland cement zoo ib yam tau los ntawm kev qhia cov khoom xws li asidol, mylonft thiab lwm yam tshuaj ntxiv hydrophobic. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm hydrophobic Portland MAAs yog nce me ntsis hauv kev teeb tsa lub sijhawm, nrog rau lub peev xwm tsis nqus dej noo rau hauv nws cov qauv.

Cov dej los ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem maj mam qhuav, yog li ntawd lawv feem ntau siv hauv thaj chaw qhuav, qhov twg pob zeb yuav tsum maj mam ua kom tsis txhob poob lub zog.

• Sulfate tiv taus . Hom sulfate-resistant Portland MAAs yog siv kom tau cov pob zeb zoo uas tsis ntshai qhov kub thiab txias. Cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem siv hauv kev tsim cov tsev thiab cov qauv uas cuam tshuam los ntawm cov dej sulfate. Xws li cov cement tiv thaiv kev tsim cov xeb ntawm cov qauv. Qib ntawm sulfate -resistant Portland cement - 300, 400, 500.
• Acid tiv taus . Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Portland MAAs no muaj quartz xuab zeb thiab sodium silicofluoride. Cheebtsam no tsis ntshai kev sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj lom.
• Aluminous . Alumina clinker cement yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg uas muaj alumina tam sim no nyob rau hauv siab. Ua tsaug rau cov khoom siv no, qhov sib xyaw ua ke no muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab lub sijhawm ziab kom qhuav.

• Pozzolanic . Pozzolanic MAAs yog nplua nuj hauv cov ntxhia ntxiv (cov hluav taws kub thiab cov keeb kwm sedimentary). Cov khoom no suav txog 40% ntawm tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov tshuaj ntxhia ntxiv hauv Portland pozzolanic MAAs muab kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj dej ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis pab txhawb rau kev tsim cov dej ntws tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov tshuaj qhuav lawm.
• Dawb . Cov kev daws teeb meem no yog ua los ntawm cov kua qaub dawb thiab av nplaum dawb. Txhawm rau ua kom muaj cov nyhuv ua kom dawb ntau dua, clinker mus dhau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txias ntxiv nrog dej. Dawb Portland MAAs feem ntau siv hauv kev ua tiav thiab ua haujlwm vaj tsev, nrog rau xim. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus rau xim Portland xis mas. Cov cim ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg no yog M400, M500.

Slag Portland MAAs . Hom Portland cement no yog siv rau kev tsim cov qhob tiv tshav kub. Cov khoom siv no muaj qhov sib txuam qis ntawm kev tiv taus te, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li siv feem ntau hauv kev tsim kho tsis yog hauv av nkaus xwb, tab sis tseem nyob hauv av thiab hauv qab.

Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm Portland slag cement yog tias nws muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov hlau me tshaj plaws vim yog kev ntxiv cov nplaim taws rauv tawg.

Backfill . Tshwj xeeb roj-zoo Portland MAAs feem ntau yog siv rau cementing roj thiab roj qhov dej. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov cement no yog mineralogical. Nws yog diluted nrog quartz xuab zeb lossis limestone slag.

Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov cement no:

1. xuab zeb;
2. hnyav;
3. qis hygroscopic;
4. ntsev-resistant.

Cov tshuaj alkaline . Xws li Portland MAAs muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv los ntawm alkali, ntxiv rau hauv av slag. Muaj cov khoom sib xyaw uas muaj cov av nplaum. Slag-alkaline MAAs raug tuav zoo ib yam li Portland xis mas zoo tib yam nrog cov hauv paus hauv av, txawm li cas los xij, nws yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntau ntxiv rau qhov tsis zoo sab nraud thiab qhov kub tsawg. Tsis tas li, cov tshuaj zoo li no muaj qib qis ntawm kev nqus dej.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov txuj ci thiab lub cev ntawm ntau hom Portland MAAs sib txawv heev. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev xaiv dav, koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov kev daws teeb meem rau ob qho kev tsim kho thiab ua kom tiav hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej.

Npav

Txhua hom Portland cement sib txawv hauv lawv cov cim:

• M700 yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov . Nws yog nws uas tau siv hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb muaj zog siab rau kev tsim kho cov txheej txheem nyuaj thiab loj. Xws li kev sib xyaw tsis yog pheej yig, yog li nws tsis tshua muaj siv rau kev tsim cov qauv me me.
• М600 yog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntxiv dag zog , uas yog feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom tseem ceeb txhawb nqa cov pob zeb thiab cov txheej txheem nyuaj.
• M500 kuj tseem ruaj khov . Ua tsaug rau qhov zoo no, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev rov tsim kho ntau lub tsev uas tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj thiab kev puas tsuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg M500 tau siv rau kev teeb tsa txoj kev.
• M400 yog qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab nthuav dav . Nws muaj qhov ua tau zoo tiv taus te thiab tsis tiv taus ya raws. Clinker M400 tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim cov qauv rau txhua lub hom phiaj.

Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, Portland MAAs yog ib hom kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov cementitious mortar. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas muaj nyob hauv cov khoom siv no ncaj qha nyob ntawm hom ncaj qha ntawm cov muab tub lim. Yog li, ua kom qhuav sai Portland MAAs cim 500 thiab 600 tuaj yeem khav ntawm tawv tawv, yog li nws tau sib xyaw ua vaj tse rau kev tsim cov qauv loj thiab loj, thiab lawv tuaj yeem yog ob qho saum toj no hauv av thiab hauv av. Ib qho ntxiv, cov tshuaj no feem ntau raug xa mus rau cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog tshaj plaws. Feem ntau, qhov xav tau no tshwm sim thaum nchuav lub hauv paus.

Portland MAAs nrog 400 tus cim yog raug lees paub tias yog ntau dua . Nws yog ntau yam hauv nws daim ntawv thov. Nws yog siv los tsim cov muaj zog monolithic thiab cov cuab yeej ua kom muaj zog ntxiv, uas yuav tsum muaj zog ntxiv. Qhov sib xyaw no qis me ntsis tom qab Portland MAAs ntawm 500 cim, tab sis nws pheej yig dua.

Sulfate-resistant binder feem ntau yog siv rau kev npaj cov khoom sib xyaw koom nrog hauv kev tsim kho ntau yam txheej txheem hauv qab dej. Cov cement Portland qib siab no yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej no, vim tias cov dej hauv qab dej tau tshwj xeeb ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntawm dej sulphate.

Maas nrog cov yas yas thiab cim 300-600 nce cov khoom yas ntawm cov tshuaj khib, thiab tseem ua rau nws cov yam ntxwv muaj zog. Siv cov Portland cement, koj tuaj yeem txuag kwv yees li 5-8% ntawm cov phau ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum piv rau cov xis mas.

Ntau yam tshwj xeeb ntawm Portland MAAs feem ntau tsis siv rau kev tsim kho me me. Qhov no yog vim lawv cov nqi siab. Thiab tsis yog txhua tus neeg siv khoom paub zoo nrog cov qauv no. Tseem, Portland MAAs, raws li txoj cai, tau siv hauv kev tsim cov chaw loj thiab tseem ceeb.

Thaum twg tsis siv?

Portland cement pom zoo ua vaj tsev zoo ib yam nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab lub zog muaj zog, uas ua rau nws nrov heev hauv kev tsim kho ua haujlwm (tshwj xeeb yog cov loj). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev daws teeb meem no tsis tuaj yeem siv hauv cov dej ntws hauv lub txaj, lub cev dej ntsev, nrog rau hauv cov dej uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov zaub mov.

Txawm tias hom sulfate-resistant cov cement yuav tsis tiv nrog nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, vim nws tau tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm hauv cov dej zoo li qub thiab kub.

Pab Qhia

Portland MAAs yog qhov nyuaj hauv kev sib xyaw ntau dua li cov tshuaj khib nyiab.

Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum mloog cov lus qhia thiab cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov kws tshaj lij:

• Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom sai li sai tau, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv qhov tsim nyog tsim nyog muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov cement, nrog rau siv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb ntxiv. Feem ntau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, lawv tig mus ua hluav taws xob cua sov lossis ua kom sov sov.
• Sodium, potassium thiab ammonium nitrates tau siv los ua kom qeeb. NS
• Nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub sijhawm teem ntawm cov cement muab tshuaj txhuam. Qhov pib ntawm cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim tsis ntxov dua tom qab 30-40 feeb, thiab ua tiav - tsis pub dhau tom qab 8 teev.
• Yog tias Portland MAAs tau npaj los siv rau kev npaj lub hauv paus hauv cov av nyuaj, tom qab ntawd cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom xaiv cov tshuaj sulfate-resistant, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov khoom siv ntxhia.
• Xim lossis dawb Portland MAAs yog qhov zoo tshaj rau hauv pem teb. Siv cov kev daws teeb meem no, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov mosaic zoo nkauj, cov pobzeb thiab cov xim sib xyaw ua ke.

• Portland cement tsis yog ib qho yooj yim. Koj tuaj yeem yuav nws ntawm yuav luag txhua lub khw muag khoom kho vajtse. Nws yuav tsum tau npaj kom raug rau kev ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau noj 1, 4-2, 1 dej rau txhua 10 kg ntawm cov cement. Txhawm rau xam qhov tseeb ntawm cov kua uas xav tau, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov tshuaj.
• Them sai sai rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Portland MAAs. Yog tias nws muaj ntau yam ntxiv los txhawm rau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv tiv taus ya raws, tom qab ntawd cov yam ntxwv tiv taus te yuav poob qis. Yog tias koj tab tom xaiv cov cement rau huab cua ntub, tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj khib nyiab tsis tu ncua yuav tsis ua haujlwm rau koj. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav cov slag Portland cement.
• Cov xim thiab dawb clinker sib tov yuav tsum tau thauj thiab khaws cia hauv lub thawv tshwj xeeb.
• Muaj ntau ntau cov khoom sib xyaw clinker cuav hauv khw hnub no. Cov kws tshaj lij xav kom koj paub koj tus kheej nrog daim ntawv pov thawj zoo ntawm cov khoom thaum yuav khoom, txwv tsis pub cov cement tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo.

Cov txheej txheem kom tau Portland cement tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no.