Quicklime: Siv Lumpy Thiab Cov Khoom Lag Luam Hauv Av, Nws Yog Dab Tsi Thiab Nws Txawv Li Cas Los Ntawm Cov Txiv Qaub Slaked, Chav Kawm Muaj Kev Phom Sij Thiab Thaj Chaw

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Txiv qaub yog cov khoom muaj ntau yam uas, vim nws cov yam ntxwv dav thiab ntau yam, tuaj yeem siv tau rau yuav luag txhua qhov haujlwm. Nws los hauv ntau hom, nyob ntawm qhov kev xaiv xaiv, thiab tau muab faib ua ob peb yam. Cov kev xaiv los npaj cov kev daws teeb meem nrog nws cov ntsiab lus tsis txawv ntawm ib leeg thiab tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem, yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv raw no tuaj yeem siv tau ntawm nws tus kheej yam tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb.

Peculiarities

Quicklime yog calcium oxide tau los ntawm calcining calcium carbonate thiab muaj cov qauv ntxeem tau zoo. Qee zaum quicklime hu ua lub lauj kaub kub.

Qhov zoo tshaj ntawm slaked txiv qaub

Nws muaj ntau yam zoo dua li slaked ntau yam:

• siab zog;
• absorbs noo noo tsawg;
• ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem ua tiav thaum lub caij ntuj no;
• tsis muaj khib nyiab;
• dav dav heev.

Quicklime yog qhov txaus ntshai rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, yog li nws raug nquahu kom ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw qhib .siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv.

Qhov zoo ntawm Quicklime yog nws tus nqi qis hauv kev sib piv nrog lwm cov sib xyaw. Cov khoom siv txiv qaub yog tiv taus qhov kub heev, nws tsis tawg, thiab muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob.

Kev qhia tshwj xeeb

Txiv qaub yog cov khoom uas feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv qhov (feem ntau yog hauv pob zeb), thiab cov khoom lag luam raug tsim ua raws li cov qauv tau teev tseg, vim tias cov sib xyaw ntawm cov hauv paus no yuav tsum ua haujlwm tiv thaiv ntawm qib siab.

Cov txiv qaub ua tiav yuav tsum tsuas yog cov pob zeb carbonate (limestone) nrog cov av nplaum me me . Ntau yam tshuaj ntxiv thiab tsis zoo raug tso cai hauv cov khoom siv raws li GOSTs, nyob ntawm seb daim ntawv thov.

Limestone yog qhov zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv tsos rau chalk lossis coke, tab sis lawv muaj cov khoom sib txawv thiab tsis hloov pauv tau. Txhawm rau paub qhov txawv ntawm limestone los ntawm chalk, koj tuaj yeem tso dej rau lawv. Chalk yuav tsis muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tab sis limestone yuav pib ua npuas thiab ua kom sov. Yog tias koj siv chalk los pleev xim rau phab ntsa, nws yuav ua cim rau ntawm cov khaub ncaws thiab cov chaw hauv kev sib cuag nrog phab ntsa. Txiv qaub tsis tawm ib qho cim, yog li nws feem ntau yog siv los ntxuav cov phab ntsa.

Quicklime tau muab faib ua peb qib (1, 2 thiab 3), thiab cov txiv qaub slaked tau muab faib ua qib 1 thiab qib 2. Qhov kev zam yog hmoov nrawm, nws tau muab faib ua ob qib thiab muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv. Tus so ntawm cov hom yog ua yam tsis muaj impurities.

Los ntawm kev ntsuas lub cev sab nraud, piv txwv li, los ntawm xim, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qib ntawm cov khoom . Tom qab kev kho cua sov ntawm limestone, cov kua nplaum tau txais, thiab yog tias nws muaj xim dawb, qhov no txhais tau tias cov khoom tsis muaj tshuaj ntxiv thiab yog rau qib siab. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, cov khoom siv muaj xim daj, feem ntau nws yog dolomite thiab cov kua qaub.

Kev tsim cov khoom siv txiv qaub suav nrog kev rho tawm ntawm cov pob zeb lawv tus kheej, lawv tsoo mus rau qhov loj me uas xav tau thiab tua tom ntej hauv qhov cub tshwj xeeb. Tam sim no, cov raj thiab cov raj xa rov qab feem ntau siv vim tias lawv muab cov txiaj ntsig kub ib yam ntawm cov khoom thiab txheej txheem tua tas mus li.

Lub zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw yog cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub thaum lub sij hawm tua thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom nws tus kheej. Muaj peb qho kev xaiv rau lub zog ntawm cov khoom tiav: tawv-raug rho tawm, nruab nrab raug rho tawm haujlwm, thiab cov kua qaub uas raug rho tawm.

Softly calcined txiv qaub yog nrov heev hauv kev tsim kho, vim cov khoom hauv qab no:

• txheej txheem quenching tshwm sim sai, tsis pub dhau 3 feeb;
• cov khoom siv no muaj qhov me me thiab tsis ntom.

Txiv qaub yog ib chav kawm muaj kev phom sij tsawg, tab sis yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb thaum thauj thiab thauj khoom. Txij li cov yub nrawm ua rau dej hnyav, koj yuav tsum ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov dej noo tsis tuaj yeem nkag tau ntawm cov khoom.

Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov txiv qaub feem ntau suav nrog ntau yam ntxhia ntxiv uas txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv: granulated blast-furnace slags, quartz xuab zeb thiab lwm yam tshuaj.

Saib

Muaj ob hom txiv qaub, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov silicates thiab calcium aluminoferrites hauv lawv: huab cua thiab hydraulic. Lawv ua ntau yam haujlwm, piv txwv li, huab cua ua kom cov txheej txheem ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom tawv tawv, thiab cov txheej txheem ua kom nrawm nrawm hauv dej.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas txhua qhov tawg ntawm cov tshuaj muaj qhov loj ib yam . Lub sijhawm no qhia tias cov khoom siv raw tau ua tiav hauv lub cub tawg. Yog tias muaj cov khoom loj lossis me me dhau, tom qab ntawd lawv yuav tsis ua tiav kev kho cua sov, thiab qhov no yuav txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav.

Muaj ntau hom khoom siv raws li hom kev ua:

• lumen pob (lub lauj kaub kub npau npau);
• av nplaum (hmoov);
• quenched hydrated - Ca (OH) 2;
• txiv qaub kua txiv;
• tej txiv qaub.

Txiv qaub

Cov txiv qaub ua ke yog cov sib xyaw ntawm cov pob uas sib txawv hauv qhov loj me. Nws yog tsim los ntawm calcium oxide thiab magnesium, nrog rau cov khoom siv xws li calcium carbonate, aluminates, silicates. Ferrites ntawm magnesium lossis calcium tuaj yeem ntxiv tau, uas tau tsim thaum lub sij hawm ci cov khoom siv raw.

Lub zog ua kom muaj zog zoo tau ua pov thawj vim qhov tseeb tias cov pob zeb hauv av xav tau dej tsawg heev (vim kev sib tsoo zoo ntawm cov khoom) thiab ua haujlwm tsis tsim cov khib nyiab.

Av hauv av

Cov txiv qaub hauv av muaj qhov sib xyaw ua ke ib yam li pob, tab sis qhov sib txawv yog tias cov pob khoom ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog av ntau dua thiab ua kom huv si.

Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm cov txiv qaub hauv av:

• lub zog;
• dej tsis kam;
• tawv tawv.

Txhawm rau nce lossis txo qis qhov hnyav, calcium chloride lossis sulfuric acid feem ntau siv (cov khoom siv gypsum kuj tsim nyog).

Hydrated txiv qaub

Hydrated lime (tseem hu ua fluff) yog ib hom slaked cov khoom uas muaj cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua kom tau zoo. Quenching yuav siv qhov chaw los ntawm kev ntxiv dej rau cov txiv qaub nyoos. Txhawm rau npaj cov tshuaj no, 70 txog 100% dej tau ntxiv rau hauv cov hmoov.

Txhawm rau kom cov txiv qaub hla cov txheej txheem ua kom tiav, nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub qhov tshwj xeeb rau 2-3 lub lis piam . Yog li nws yuav tau txais kev pom lub zog thiab ua kom muaj zog. Lub sijhawm ua kom luv tshaj plaws yog 36 teev. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov khoom siv raw los ntawm kev hlawv tawm, nws raug nquahu kom ntxiv dej maj mam mus txog rau lub sijhawm thaum cov pa tso tawm kom tso tawm.

Lime mov paj tau tsim thaum dej txaus ntxiv los ua cov khoom yas. Koj tseem tuaj yeem pom qhov kev daws teeb meem xws li mis nyuj ntawm txiv qaub (feem ntau yog siv rau whitewash tsob ntoo hauv paus). Cov mis ntawm cov txiv qaub yog tau los ntawm kev ntxiv dej ntau ntxiv rau lub khob noom cookie ntawm txiv qaub.

Hom kev tsim

Nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov, hom kev sib xyaw hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

• Kev tsim cov txiv qaub - nws tau ntxiv rau kev npaj cov qhob thiab cov cement sib tov txhawm rau txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib xyaw;
• Hydraulic - kuj tseem siv rau kev tsim cov qhob, tab sis qib qis. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov qauv uas nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj cov av noo siab;
• Komovaya - feem ntau yog siv los npaj cov tshuaj rau ntxuav dawb;
• Sadovaya - nws tau siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb ua chiv rau cov av, kho cov nroj tsuag los ntawm kab tsuag, tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob tawg thiab txhim kho kev loj hlob, nws tsis xav tau siv nws ib txhij nrog lwm hom tshuaj ntxiv thiab chiv;
• Natrovaya - siv hauv kev lag luam tshuaj thiab tshuaj;
• Tshuaj - siv los ua tshuaj tua kab mob thiab ua kom dej huv.

Kev faib tawm ntawm cov txiv qaub los ntawm lub sijhawm

• tua hluav taws sai (txog 8 feeb);
• nruab nrab damping (txog 25 feeb);
• qeeb-tua (los ntawm 25 feeb).

Hom huab cua kua qaub

Nyob ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm magnesium oxide hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, hom cua hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

• calcium;
• magnesian;
• dolomite.

Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov

Txiv qaub tau siv ntau qhov chaw.

• Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, txiv qaub yog siv los tiv thaiv kab tsuag, txo qis acidity ntawm cov av, tiv thaiv kev pom ntawm cov kab mob fungi, pub tsiaj ntxiv, txhim kho kev cog qoob loo ntawm thaj av, thiab ntxiv cov khoom siv calcium thiab phosphorus. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los tuav cov av hnyav nrog cov kua qaub. Txiv qaub tau siv dav ua cov khoom siv los ntxuav ntoo thiab kho cov ntoo.
• Tsev. Nws tau siv los txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom tawv tawv ntawm cov cement thiab faib cov yas rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov tsev sib xyaw qhuav, ua haujlwm txuas rau hauv cov tsev tsim.
• Ferrous metallurgy - enriches ferrous thiab polymetallic ores.
• Kev lag luam tshuaj - siv xim thiab kua roj vanish, tshuaj tsw qab thiab tshuaj lag luam. Nws tau siv los ua cov tshuaj reagent thiab ua cov tshuaj nruab nrab ntawm cov kua qaub sludge.
• Pulp thiab ntawv kev lag luam.
• Textile kev lag luam.

Cov tshuaj chlorine ntau yam ntawm cov txiv qaub yog siv rau kev tua kab mob thiab ntxuav cov chaw pej xeem ., vim nws muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Quicklime txawm siv hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus rau sib xyaw cov tshuaj, thiab mis nyuj ntawm txiv qaub yog siv los ua qab zib. Dej qab zib kua txiv tau siv hauv tshuaj (ua pa tawm ntawm lub ntsws lossis rau tshuaj loog) thiab rau lub tshuab ua pa (lub tshuab nqus pa, lub tshuab ua pa thiab lwm yam khoom siv).

Txheej ntoo saum npoo av nrog cov tshuaj khib nyiab pov thaiv lawv los ntawm cov txheej txheem rotting thiab hluav taws.

Yuav siv li cas?

Thaum npaj cov kua qaub, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw nrog dej rau tib neeg. Nws raug nquahu kom ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw uas muaj cua nkag tau zoo, thiab zoo dua hauv qhov chaw qhib. Txij li cov tshuaj siv yog tshuaj lom neeg, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua raws txoj cai kev nyab xeeb thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv no.

Hmoov tuaj yeem siv ob qho qhuav thiab ua kua . Txhawm rau npaj cov kua ua kua, cov hmoov tau nchuav rau hauv ib lub taub ntim thiab ntim nrog dej. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau sib xyaw thiab diluted rau qhov xav tau sib xws.

Txhawm rau ntxuav cov ntoo, cov khoom siv raw tau diluted nrog dej thiab siv rau tsob ntoo ntoo siv txhuam txhuam dav. Tab sis vim yog cov kua sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj, koj yuav tau ua cov txheej txheem ntau zaus. Txhawm rau kom lub sijhawm ua haujlwm luv, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv av nplaum, mis nyuj, PVA kua nplaum rau qhov kev daws teeb meem. Cov khoom xyaw no yuav ua rau cov sib xyaw tuab thiab khov, thiab nws yuav sib npaug ntawm qhov chaw. Ua ntej ua tsob ntoo, koj yuav tsum tshem tag nrho cov txheej txheej tuag ntawm cov tawv ntoo, thaum tsis ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag los ntawm cov kab mob, koj tuaj yeem siv cov dej qab zib tshauv hloov pauv ntawm cov txiv qaub, vim tias dej qab zib yaj sai dua thiab ua tiav hauv dej.

Tsis txhob kho cov av nrog cov kua qaub ntau dhau, vim nws yuav dhau los ua alkaline, uas tseem yuav tsis pab txhawb kev loj hlob zoo thiab txhim kho cov nroj tsuag. Koj tsis tuaj yeem siv quav thiab txiv qaub tib lub sijhawm, vim qhov sib xyaw ua ke no yuav tiv thaiv kev tsim cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig.

Ua ntej siv tshuaj dawb, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tshuaj xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw . Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem kho thaj chaw me me, thiab yog tias nws tseem zoo li qub tom qab li 10 feeb, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem siv tshuaj dawb rau tag nrho saum npoo. Ua ntej, dej tau ntxiv rau cov khoom siv raw hauv ib qho me me thiab sib tov kom txog thaum qaub cream, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv dej ntxiv maj mam, ntxiv rau, kom txog thaum cov kua ua kua tau tsim. Tshuaj dawb qhuav tsuas yog siv rau ntawm qhov chaw ntub.

Hauv kev tsim kho, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov kua qaub hauv av rau kev tsim cov plasters, cinder qhob, thiab xim xim. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, siv cov txiv qaub slaked, uas, vim nws cov dej noo tiv taus, tiv thaiv kev tsim cov pwm.

Fluff muaj ntau yam kev siv: los ntawm tsev neeg xav tau kev tsim kho. Txhawm rau npaj fluff, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los nchuav cov khoom raw rau hauv lub thawv hlau tsis muaj xeb (lossis rau hauv ib lub yas) thiab maj mam ntxiv dej, nplawm qhov kev daws teeb meem. Thaum cov khoom sib tov tau npaj tiav, koj yuav tsum tso nws tawm mus rau ob peb teev lossis ntau hnub. Ntev nws yuav sawv, qhov siab dua nws qhov ua tau zoo thiab lub zog ntsuas yuav yog.

Cov Tswv Yim

• Yog tias koj xav tau khaws cov tshuaj cug uas npaj tau ntev, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv dej ntxiv rau nws. Thaum pib, dej tau ntxiv kom txog thaum cov khoom tsis nqus nws lawm. Txoj cai no tsis siv rau kev npaj mis nyuj ntawm txiv qaub.
• Qhov tob tshaj plaws rau kev khawb txiv qaub rau hauv av yog 20 cm, tab sis yog tias qhov koob tshuaj me me, tom qab ntawd qhov tob yuav tsum tsawg dua. Los ntawm saum toj no, txiv qaub yog them nrog txheej txheej ntawm cov xuab zeb. Txhawm rau khaws cia rau lub caij ntuj no, nws raug nquahu kom nchuav lwm txheej av 70 cm siab rau saum cov xuab zeb.
• Ua ntej thov rau txhua qhov chaw (ntoo, pob zeb, xis mas, hlau), nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom tshem tawm cov av, roj, qhov tsis xws luag, thiab xeb los ntawm lawv.
• Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim tias cov kua qaub nkag mus rau thaj chaw tsis tsim nyog thiab yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav tawm. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom cov dej noo nyob hauv thaj chaw no, tos kom cov kua qaub yaj kom zoo, thiab tom qab ntawd tshem cov khoom siv nrog daim txhuam cev hlau nyuaj. Rov ua cov kauj ruam no yog tias tsim nyog. Muaj kev npaj daws teeb meem ntawm kev ua lag luam rau cov kev xav tau no, piv txwv li, Guard Industrie lossis "Space". Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj hauv tsev hydrochloric acid.

• Nws tsis pom zoo kom nqa cov tshuaj ua ntej ua ntej ntxuav, vim tias cov kua qaub yuav tsis kho rau ntawm lub hauv paus. Nws kuj tseem pom zoo kom yaug nrog txhuam, thiab tsis nrog rab phom tsuag. Cov txhuam yuav zoo dua faib cov kua qaub qaub thiab qhov ua tiav yuav zoo dua.
• Lub sijhawm laus laus ntev dua ntawm cov sib xyaw ua tiav, qhov zoo dua nws yuav ua nws cov haujlwm.
• Rau kev npaj cov tshuaj khib, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los ntxiv cov xuab zeb ib yam.
• Cov khoom siv no tsis haum rau ua lub qhov cub lossis lub qhov cub tawg, vim cov pa roj carbon dioxide tawm thaum ua kom sov.
• Txhawm rau kom tau txais rwb thaiv tsev, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv sawdust thiab gypsum rau hauv cov ntaub. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, cov tshuaj khib nyiab yuav tsum tsis pub dawb los ntawm cov ntoo sawdust, cov pob thiab lwm yam ntxiv kom thiaj li sib npaug thiab npog tag nrho saum npoo.
• Tshuaj dawb yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv chav tsaus, vim tias ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine tau ploj hauv qab lub hnub ci.