Sib Tov Rau Cov Qhov Cub Ua Cib Ua Los Ntawm Cov Cib: Refractory Kiln Sib Xyaw Rau Lub Qhov Cub Thiab Cov Cua Kub-resistant Masonry Cug "Terracotta"

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Nws nyuaj rau xav txog lub tsev ntiag tug uas tsis muaj lub qhov cub ci ntsa iab lossis lub qhov cub niaj hnub no. Cov cwj pwm uas tsis tseem ceeb tsis tsuas yog muab kev sov siab rau chav, tab sis kuj ua lub kho kom zoo nkauj rau sab hauv zam. Txhawm rau tsim cov txheej txheem cib monolithic, cov khoom sib xyaw tshwj xeeb tau siv uas muaj hluav taws tiv taus, ductility thiab muaj zog heev.

Teem caij

Thaum tsim lub qhov cub tawg lossis lub qhov cub, siv cov khoom sib xyaw tshwj xeeb, uas yuav tsum tau ua tshwj xeeb. Cov txheej txheem cua sov tau siv nyob rau "xwm txheej" qhov kub hloov pauv mus rau tus nqi siab heev. Lub sijhawm ntawm qhov kis no tuaj yeem yog ob peb teev, yog li cov khoom yuav tsum raug yoog raws qhov raug.

Nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus qauv no, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw . Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj lom uas tuaj yeem tso tawm rau ib puag ncig. Ib qho tseem ceeb yog qhov tsis muaj cov ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom no yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv huv.

Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke tso cai qhib qhov qhib nruab nrab ntawm cov nqaws, uas yog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kom nkag mus ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide mus rau qhov chaw ua kom sov. Vim tsis muaj cov kab nrib pleb, huab cua tsis nthuav tawm thiab cov cua ntsawj ntshab tsis cuam tshuam.

Cov kev daws teeb meem no yog siv rau cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

• cib tso ntawm sab nrauv;
• combustion chamber ntaus ntawv;
• kev tsim cov chimney, suav nrog cov nplaim uas tawm mus;
• nchuav lub hauv paus;
• ntsib;
• tsim cov ntsiab lus ntxiv raug rau qhov kub thiab txias.

Nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj, hom thiab feem ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tau xaiv.

Cov txheej txheem xaiv

Muaj kev npaj ua tiav cov tshuaj khib uas muaj tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog hauv qhov tsim nyog. Tsis tas li, cov tshuaj tuaj yeem npaj tau los ntawm txhais tes.

Hauv qab no yog ntau hom kev daws teeb meem

• Av nplaum. Cov sib tov muaj cov cua sov nruab nrab tiv taus thiab cov pa hnyav; lawv tsis siv sab nraum zoov. Txhawm rau npaj lawv, yuav tsum muaj txuj ci tshwj xeeb. Lawv tau siv los tso cov cua sov ib feem ntawm lub qhov cub thiab qhov pib ntawm lub qhov taub.
• Maas-av nplaum. Cov kev daws teeb meem tau ruaj khov. Lawv tau siv los tso cov cua sov khaws cia ib feem ntawm lub qhov cub thiab lub hauv paus ntawm lub qhov taub.
• Maas. Cov khoom sib xyaw muaj lub zog siab thiab cov pa roj tsawg. Siv los tso lub hauv paus.

• Cement-txiv qaub. Cov kev daws teeb meem muaj lub zog siab dua, tab sis lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog cov roj tsawg. Lawv tau siv rau kev teeb tsa lub hauv paus ntawm lub qhov cub, lub qhov cub, ib feem ntawm lub chimney, uas nyob nrog tiv thaiv lub qab nthab, qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov kawg ntawm lub chimney.
• Txiv qaub-av nplaum. Cov sib xyaw ua kom ruaj khov, muaj qhov nruab nrab roj ntom. Lawv tau siv rau kev tso cua sov-ib feem ntawm lub qhov cub thiab lub hauv paus ntawm lub qhov taub.
• Fireclay. Cov kev daws teeb meem tau ua kom muaj cua sov tiv taus thiab muaj zog. Lawv tau siv rau kev tso cov cua sov ib feem ntawm lub qhov cub lossis qhov cub.
• Kho mob. Cov cim qhia txog kev tiv thaiv tshav kub, tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab cov pa hnyav yog qis dua qhov nruab nrab. Cov formulations tuaj yeem siv sab nraum zoov. Lawv tau siv los tso lub hauv paus ntawm lub qhov cub thiab qhov cub.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom tseem ceeb, cov khoom sib xyaw yuav muaj cov yas yas, ntsev thiab lwm yam ntxiv uas ua rau cov khoom zoo dua, ua rau nws yas ntau dua, ruaj, tiv tshav kub, tiv thaiv huab cua, thiab tsis tiv rau qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib xyaw yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntau ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb.

Kev npaj sib xyaw rau cov cib ntim tau muab faib ua cov khoom qub thiab txhim kho. Lawv qhov sib txawv nyob hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv cua sov. Cov txheej txheem txhim kho muaj cov khoom siv ntxiv uas tso cai rau nws tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias tshaj li ntawm 1300 degrees.

Hauv qab no yog cov qauv npaj ua ntau tshaj plaws

" Terracotta ". Qhov sib xyaw ua kom kub-tiv taus yog ib puag ncig zoo, ruaj khov thiab yoog raws. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg suav nrog cov khoom xws li kaolin av nplaum, xuab zeb, chamotte. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm kub ntawm cov khoom yog 1300 degrees siab dua xoom. Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas hauv Is Taws Nem, qhov kev daws teeb meem muaj lub zog siab, ntseeg tau, yas, zoo ib yam thiab yooj yim siv. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev xav tias qhov sib tov yuav tsum tau sieved, txij li cov nplej loj ntawm cov xuab zeb tuaj hla hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Muaj cov pob zoo sib xws nrog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas yuav txawv me ntsis, piv txwv li, muaj av nplaum ntau dua. Nws tseem tau sau tseg tias nws nyuaj rau ua haujlwm nrog cov cib qhuav thiab nws zoo dua los siv cov cib ntub.

• " Pechnik ". Kev sib xyaw ua kom sov-tiv taus raws cov cement thiab av nplaum yog qhov tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv hluav taws, lub zog thiab cov dej tuav tau zoo. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm kub ntawm cov khoom yog 1350 degrees siab dua xoom. Ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas hauv Is Taws Nem, muaj ob qho kev xav zoo thiab tsis zoo. Ntawm qhov zoo, muaj zog siab, ntseeg tau, tiv tshav kub thiab siv tau yooj yim tau sau tseg. Ntawm qhov tsis zoo, cov neeg siv pom pom kev siv cov khoom siv siab, ua kom khov khov thiab raug nqi siab.
• " Emelya" cov . Kev sib xyaw raws cov av nplaum kaolin muaj cov khoom ntxiv uas ua rau lub zog ruaj khov, nplaum thiab yas ntawm cov khoom siv. Tsis tas li, qhov kev daws teeb meem yog qhov ua kom sov, tiv taus ya raws thiab tsis hnov tsw. Kev tso cai ua haujlwm kub ntawm cov khoom tsis pub ntau tshaj 900 degrees siab dua xoom. Ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo yog tiv tshav kub, tsis hnov tsw thiab yooj yim siv. Ntawm qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tsis zoo, lub zog qis ntawm cov khoom thiab qhov tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ya raws tau sau tseg.

• " Vetonit" cov . Cov av nplaum sib xyaw ua kom sov thiab tiv taus. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg kuj muaj cov cement, xuab zeb, cov tshuaj ntxiv uas ua rau kom cov tshuaj zoo. Nws tsis siv rau tso cov cib ceramic. Ua haujlwm kub txog li 1200 degrees siab dua xoom. Ntawm qhov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo yog lub zog zoo, siv tau yooj yim thiab cov khoom lag luam zoo. Ntawm qhov tsis zoo, muaj qhov ntws me me ntawm cov khoom tom qab ziab.
• Borovichi . Cov av nplaum sib xyaw muaj quartz thiab mould xuab zeb. Cov tshuaj yog yas thiab tiv tshav kub. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog siv los tso cov cib liab. Kev ua haujlwm kub ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 850 degrees. Cov neeg siv tshuaj xyuas qhia tias kev daws teeb meem ruaj khov, muaj zog thiab zoo. Ntawm qhov tsis zoo, muaj qhov tsis muaj yas.

Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias txhawm rau kom tau txais kev daws teeb meem zoo, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua nruj ua raws cov lus qhia rau kev siv. Ib qho kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig tsis xav tau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm qhov sib xyaw thiab nws ua kom nrawm. Txhawm rau kom sib xyaw kom khaws nws lub zog muaj zog rau lub sijhawm ntev, nws yuav tsum tau siv rau nws lub hom phiaj.

Yog li ntawd, ua ntej siv cov khoom sib xyaw, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws tshaj lij

• Av nplaum . Lub ntuj tsim muaj txhuas, silicon, xuab zeb thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Cov xim muaj ntau yam sib txawv. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov av nplaum yog cov ntsiab lus muaj roj - nws txiav txim siab cov khoom xws li lub zog, cov pa ceev thiab cov nplaum.
• Maas . Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub zog siab. Cov khoom siv tau los ntawm clinker los ntawm kev zom nws. Tom qab ntawd cov ntxhia thiab cov gypsum tau ntxiv. Kiln masonry feem ntau siv Portland cement, uas tau los ntawm kev tua, ib txoj hauv kev uas txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab ua tau zoo.

• Txiv qaub . Cov khoom siv hauv tsev raug rho tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Txiv qaub tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg ntxiv, yog li nws tau suav tias yog ib yam khoom zoo rau ib puag ncig. Nws muaj carbonates thiab minerals. Thaum tso cov qhovcub lossis lub qhov cub tawg, siv cov kua qaub los txhuam. Ib qho tuab tuab tau los ntawm slaking txiv qaub hauv dej.
• Chamotte . Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau los ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus. Nws muaj cov khoom siv xws li av nplaum alumina siab, zirconium, garnet.

Cov ntsiab lus muaj nuj nqis ntawm ib lossis lwm qhov cuam tshuam hloov pauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev daws teeb meem, ua rau nws khov dua, piv txwv li, nrog cov av nplaum ntau dua, lossis muaj zog nrog cov cement ntau dua lossis cov kua qaub. Cov khoom siv Fireclay ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv tshav kub zoo ntawm qhov sib xyaw.

Kev npaj

Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum tau diluted nrog dej raws li qhov sib piv tau qhia hauv cov lus qhia rau kev siv. Qee zaum kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb tau siv rau qhov no. Qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws, txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, hauv kev sib piv rau cov sib xyaw hauv tsev, ntau dua.

Rau kev ua noj, koj xav tau ib lub taub ntim thiab tov khoom . Ua ntej, npaj qhov xav tau ntawm cov kua, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam ntxiv qhov sib tov. Tus nqi dej tau qhia ntawm pob, tab sis nco ntsoov tias nyob hauv qhov chaw muaj huab cua ntau, cov dej yuav tsum tsawg dua li huab cua sov. Cov dej sib xws yog sib tov kom huv si kom txog thaum homogeneous slurry tau tsim. Tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj yog infused rau ib teev thiab sib tov dua.

Txhawm rau npaj qhov kev daws teeb meem nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, koj yuav tsum yuav txhua yam khoom xyaw tsim nyog, tom qab ntawd sib tov lawv hauv qhov haum. Hom no pheej yig dua. Qhov zoo muaj xws li muaj peev xwm siv cov khoom lag luam zoo ib puag ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, cov teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog kev nrhiav cov khoom xyaw raug, nrog rau kev npaj qhov feem haum.

Qhov cub masonry cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov sib txuas sib txawv nyob ntawm seb hom nto . Thaum tsim lub hauv paus uas nyob hauv av, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke haum. Txhawm rau tsim sab phab ntsa ntawm lub cub tawg, qhov twg ua rau muaj qhov kub ntau tshaj plaws tshwm sim, yuav tsum tau siv cov cib cib ua hluav taws kub. Qhov sib tov yuav tsum tau npaj txhua hnub, tshem plua plav, av thiab cov khoom txawv teb chaws los ntawm cov khoom siv.

Cov av nplaum tau tsau ua ntej. Cov khoom raug khaws cia hauv dej ntev txog ob hnub, thaum lub sijhawm cov khoom sib tov. Cov dej tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 4, qhov twg ib feem ntawm cov dej puv plaub feem ntawm av nplaum.

Txhawm rau npaj cov tshuaj khib los ntawm cov cement, koj xav tau cov hmoov cement, xuab zeb thiab dej. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov hmoov thiab cov xuab zeb raug xaiv nyob ntawm qhov chaw uas yuav siv cov khoom sib xyaw. Qhov sib tov tau ntxiv rau hauv dej, nplawm kom txog thaum tau txais cov homogeneous loj. Rau kev nplawm, siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, piv txwv li, trowel lossis tov khoom. Hauv qee kis, pob zeb tawg tau ntxiv los ntxiv dag zog.

Kev sib xyaw av nplaum-xuab zeb yog npaj los ntawm kev sib xyaw av nplaum nrog cov xuab zeb . Qhov kev faib ua feem tau xaiv nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj, nrog rau cov khoom qub ntawm cov av nplaum. Ua ntej tov cov khoom sib xyaw, cov av nplaum raug ntxuav kom huv thiab sieved.

Yog tias cov av nplaum muaj cov roj nruab nrab, tom qab ntawd qhov kwv yees kwv yees tuaj yeem yog 4: 2 - 4 liv ntawm cov av nplaum huv tau nchuav rau hauv lub thawv npaj ua ntej, tom qab ntawd 2 liv ntawm cov xuab zeb. Cov khoom sib xyaw tau sib xyaw, tom qab ntawd dej tau ntxiv rau hauv qhov me me, nplawm qhov sib tov kom huv si. Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum yog homogeneous gruel, zoo ib yam sib xws rau qaub cream.

Txhawm rau npaj cov txiv qaub sib xyaw, koj yuav xav tau txiv qaub, xuab zeb thiab dej. Qhov kev faib ua feem yog xaiv nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm kev daws teeb meem. Ua ntej npaj qhov sib tov, cov txiv qaub raug ntxuav kom huv thiab sieved. Ua ntej, cov khoom sib xyaw qhuav tau sib xyaw, tom qab ntawd dej maj mam ntxiv, nplawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Cement-lime mortar yog npaj los ntawm cov cement, kua qaub, xuab zeb thiab dej . Kev faib ua feem tau xaiv nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib xyaw. Cov khoom qhuav tau sib xyaw. Tom qab ntawd maj mam ntxiv dej, nplawm cov tshuaj kom huv.

Cement-gypsum mortar tau npaj los ntawm cov kua qaub, gypsum, xuab zeb thiab dej. Ua ntej ua haujlwm, txiv qaub tau ntxuav thiab sieved. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom siv tau xaiv nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm kev daws teeb meem. Ua ntej sib tov cov khoom xyaw qhuav, tom qab ntawd ntxiv dej hauv qhov me me. Hauv qhov no, kev sib xyaw yog sib xyaw kom huv, coj nws mus rau qhov xav tau sib xws.

Cov kua qaub-av nplaum tau npaj los ntawm cov kua qaub, av nplaum, xuab zeb thiab dej . Ua ntej ua haujlwm, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua haujlwm tu thiab tu cov txiv qaub thiab av nplaum. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom siv qhuav tau xaiv nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm kev daws teeb meem. Ua ntej, cov khoom sib xyaw qhuav tau sib xyaw, tom qab ntawd cov kua maj mam ntxiv rau hauv qhov me me. Hauv qhov no, gruel tau ua kom huv si, nqa mus rau homogeneous pawg.

Cement-clay mortar tau npaj los ntawm cov cement, av nplaum, xuab zeb thiab dej. Ua ntej pib npaj cov khoom sib tov, cov av nplaum tau muab ntxuav kom huv thiab sieved. Qhov sib piv kwv yees ntawm cov khoom qhuav yog 1: 4: 12, qhov twg ib feem ntawm cov cement tau sib xyaw nrog plaub feem ntawm av nplaum thiab kaum ob feem ntawm cov xuab zeb. Tom qab ntawd maj mam ntxiv dej hauv qhov me me, ua kom huv si, thiab coj mus rau qhov xav tau sib xws.

Txhawm rau npaj cov tshuaj tua hluav taws cug nrog cov zog ntxiv, koj yuav xav tau Portland MAAs M400, xuab zeb, pob zeb tawg thiab xuab zeb tawg. Qhov sib piv kwv yees yog 1: 2: 2: 0.3, qhov twg ib feem ntawm cov cement tau sib xyaw nrog ob feem ntawm cov xuab zeb zoo tib yam, ob feem ntawm cov pob zeb tawg thiab 0.3 feem ntawm chamotte xuab zeb. Tom qab ntawd ntxiv dej, do maj mam kom txog thaum tau txais homogeneous sib xws.

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias txheej txheem ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes yog txoj haujlwm nyuaj thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm. Cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo lossis qhov tsis ncaj ncees tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo, nyiaj ntxiv thiab sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj tsis paub meej txog qhov txiaj ntsig zoo, nws zoo dua rau tso siab rau txoj haujlwm rau cov kws tshaj lij lossis siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua tiav.

Cov Lus Qhia Thov

Thaum ua haujlwm nrog koj txhais tes, txhua yam yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo npaj. Cov ntim thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab yuav xav tau. Lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntawm cov av, plua plav thiab cov khoom txawv teb chaws.

Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cov khoom sib xyaw tau npaj hauv qhov nyiaj ntau uas nws txaus rau ib teev ua haujlwm . Tom qab lub sijhawm no, kev sib xyaw pib tawv, poob nws cov khoom. Kev daws teeb meem Fireclay tuaj yeem siv tsis pub dhau 40 feeb, thiab cov kua qaub sib xyaw - hauv 24 teev.

Masonry sib tov khaws cov kua kom zoo, yog li tsis tas yuav ntub lub hauv paus ua ntej ua haujlwm nrog nws.

Txhua txoj haujlwm tau pom zoo kom ua tiav ntawm qhov kub ntawm 10 txog 35 degrees siab dua xoom. Qhov ntsuas kub tau qhia nyob hauv lub ntim.

Cov txheej ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw uas yuav tsum tau siv yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 10 hli . Thaum tsim cov chimney, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib feem uas ntsib txoj kev, nrog rau thaum tso lub hauv paus, nws tsis pom zoo kom siv cov av nplaum huv, vim tias cov khoom tau tawg sai sai hauv qab qhov ua pa. Hauv qhov no, kev sib xyaw nrog ntxiv cov txiv qaub thiab xuab zeb yog qhov tsim nyog.

Thaum ntxiv av nplaum rau qhov sib xyaw, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qib ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus rog. Txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas qhov zoo, koj tuaj yeem sim dov ib txheej tuab ntawm cov khoom ntub. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo sim ncab nws. Kev tsim ntawm qhov chaw tawg yuav qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xuab zeb ntau - nws zoo dua tsis txhob siv cov khoom ntawd.

Koj tuaj yeem siv cov cuab yeej nplawm los tshuaj xyuas qhov av nplaum zoo. Thaum ib yam tshuaj ua rau saum npoo av, av nplaum tau suav tias yog roj. Yog tias tom qab ib ntus cov kua tshwm rau ntawm cov av nplaum, tom qab ntawd cov khoom muaj cov xuab zeb ntau dhau.

Kev sib xyaw ua ke raws cov av nplaum tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau deformation, puas tsuaj ntawm cov cib ua haujlwm, nrog rau qhov nqaim saum npoo av.

Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias sib xyaw cov av nplaum nruab nrab nrog cov cement ua rau kom muaj zog ntawm cov pob qij txha, thiab thaum ntxiv cov txiv qaub, sib xyaw ua kom tawv dua. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, siv av nplaum siv.

Tom qab tso lub qhov cub lossis lub qhov cub tawg, koj tuaj yeem pib lub foob pob hluav taws tsis pub dhau peb hnub tom qab. Lub sijhawm no yog qhov tsim nyog rau qhov sib xyaw kom khov. Lub ntsej muag cib masonry tuaj yeem ua tiav tsuas yog tom qab ib hlis ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem cua sov, thiab cua sov ntawm lub tshuab ua kom sov yuav tsum ncav cuag qhov kub tsawg kawg 300 degrees hauv ib teev.

Thaum siv cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum ua raws cov lus qhia rau kev siv. Kev ua raws nruj rau qhov ua ntu zus ntawm kev nqis tes ua yuav ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qhov chaw siv.

Cia

Nws raug nquahu kom khaws cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke hauv chav qhuav, qhov kub uas yuav tsum nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm -40 txog +40 degrees. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev tsim qauv tsis ntshai ya raws lossis khov heev - lawv muaj peev xwm tswj hwm lawv cov khoom nyob hauv ib qho xwm txheej tsis zoo sab nraud. Cov xwm txheej khaws cia ntawm tus kheej tau hais qhia ntawm lub ntim.

Nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, lub txee lub neej ntawm qhov sib xyaw tuaj yeem sib txawv los ntawm ib xyoos lossis ntau dua. Muaj cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, lub txee lub neej ntawm qhov uas tsis muaj qhov txwv. Cov lus qhia ntxaws yog qhia hauv cov lus qhia rau kev siv.

Cov tshuaj npaj tau tuaj yeem khaws cia los ntawm 40 feeb mus rau ib hnub - nws txhua yam nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj, nrog rau cov khoom xyaw uas muaj feem.

Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev siv cov khoom lag luam tas sij hawm tsis tuaj yeem lees txais.

Yog xav paub ntxiv yuav ua li cas npaj cov av nplaum rau tso lub qhov cub, saib cov vis dis aus tom ntej.