Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob: Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Kub-resistant Cov Khoom Siv Rau Chav Da Dej Thiab Chimney. Uas Yog Suav Tias Yog Qaub? Kev Faib Tawm Thiab Hom Tseem Ceeb

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog cov qauv ruaj khov thaum raug rau qhov kub thiab txias, nplaim taws thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Lawv tau siv hauv cov chaw tsim khoom uas lub voj voog tsim khoom cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov cua sov, nrog rau hauv cov tsev nyob uas cov khoom siv cua sov tau teeb tsa. Vim lawv qhov kev ua haujlwm siab, cov ntaub ntawv no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau txhua qhov chaw uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm ntev, ntseeg tau thiab nyab xeeb.

Peculiarities

Qhov xav tau kev siv cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws tau tshwm sim nyob rau theem pib ntawm tib neeg txoj kev txhim kho, thaum tib neeg kawm paub rho thiab siv hluav taws. Maj mam, cov ntaub ntawv no tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov hlau ua, lub qhov cub tawg thiab lwm yam khoom siv cua sov. Hauv nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 17th. nyob rau ntau lub tebchaws tau pib ua cov khoom siv cib ua los ntawm cov av nplaum . Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Cov khoom lag luam hluav taws kub tau nquag tsim tawm hauv European lub tebchaws, thiab thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau pib tsim nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv Russia. Nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, cov xim pleev xim tiv taus hluav taws thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws tau tsim, thiab cov tseev kom muaj rau cov khoom tiv taus tshav kub tau raug lees paub hauv GOSTs thiab SNiPs.

Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog tiv thaiv hluav taws. Qhov ntsuas no txiav txim siab qhov kub uas cov khoom pib deform. Nrog rau nws tus nqi, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hauv qee hom haujlwm yog txiav txim siab. Ib qho ntxiv, lwm cov yam ntxwv raug suav, tshwj xeeb:

• cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm cov khoom nyob hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub nce;
• hloov cov duab thiab ua txhaum kev ncaj ncees thaum raug kub;
• kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tus qauv, uas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab kev nyuaj siab thaum lub sij hawm cua sov;
• quab yuam ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhoj puab heev tshuaj lom neeg.

Feem ntau, cov khoom tiv taus hluav taws yog cov khoom uas tuaj yeem tiv taus cua sov los ntawm 1580 txog 3000 degrees Celsius. Cov ntaub ntawv uas khaws lawv lub ntsej muag thiab tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thaum raug rau qhov kub siab dua tau cim ua super-refractory.

Txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob tau ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv dag thiab ntuj; rau qhov no, qhov pom kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntxhia thiab tshuaj lom neeg tau xaiv.

Qhov ntsuas kawg ntawm qhov ntom ntom ntom, lub zog, ntxiv rau porosity thiab cov qauv tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb.

Kev faib tawm

Cov khoom tiv taus hluav taws tuaj yeem tsim tawm hauv ntau daim ntawv thiab nrog cov khoom sib txawv. Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau lawv kev faib tawm.

Refractoriness

Raws li kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov txawv:

• cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tib yam - tiv taus ntawm +1580 txog +1770 degrees Celsius;
• refractory heev - mus txog 2 txhiab degrees;
• cov khoom uas muaj kev cuam tshuam siab - txog 3 txhiab degrees;
• super -refractory - yuav tsum tiv taus cua sov tshaj 3 txhiab degrees.

Cov khoom tiv taus hluav taws tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb no yog hafnium carbonitride, nrog rau qhov kub ntawm 4200 degrees Celsius.

Los ntawm txoj kev molding

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev yooj yim rau molding cov khoom siv hluav taws xob:

• ua kua casting;
• molding los ntawm cov khoom sib txuas nrog ntxiv ntxiv nias;
• molding los ntawm cov hmoov sib xyaw;
• txiav cov pob zeb;
• kub nias txoj kev;
• thermoplastic nias txheej txheem;
• molding los ntawm kub yaj.

Los ntawm kev sib xyaw tshuaj thiab ntxhia

Ntau hom khoom siv raw siv los tsim cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws

• Organic - Cov khoom lag luam no yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv ntxhia. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom no tuaj yeem tiv tshav kub. Qhov kev zam tsuas yog ua npuas dej polystyrene. Lawv muaj qhov tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv hluav taws, txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem tso lub qhov cub nrog cua sov tsis muaj zog los ntawm lawv.
• Inorganic Yog cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws nrog rau ntau yam kev tiv thaiv hluav taws. Qhov no suav nrog cov pob zeb basalt thiab ntxhia, fiberglass, perlite thiab vermiculite.
• Sib xyaw -Pawg no suav nrog cov khoom asbestos (asbestos-cement lossis asbestos-lime compositions), ntxiv rau cov khoom ua npuas dej silica.

Ob peb hom khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv yog qhov txawv nyob ntawm qhov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb

Refractories muaj aluminium oxides sintered rau hauv cov blocks hu ua acidic - lub hauv paus hauv qhov no nce mus txog 90% ntawm tag nrho pawg. Pawg no suav nrog cov mullite thiab cov cib cib, uas suav tias yog kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau cov qhov cub thiab qhov cub ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj ntuj.

Magnesian - Cov khoom lag luam no yog tsim los ntawm oxides ntawm cov hlau sib txawv los ntawm kev ua kom sov thaum ua kom sov. Cov thaiv tau tiv taus kev txhoj puab heev thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus cua sov txog 2000 degrees.

Minerite - tsim siv cov khoom siv zoo ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Cov cement ntxiv rau suav txog li 90% ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Thaum ua kom sov, cov khoom no nce me ntsis me me, yog li ntawd, thaum teeb tsa, koj yuav tsum tso qhov khoob me me ntawm cov txheej.

Asbestos - slabs thiab panels ua los ntawm asbestos tau siv sijhawm ntev hauv kev tsim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, qee lub sijhawm dhau los, cov tshuaj lom ntawm asbestos rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv tau txheeb xyuas. Cov tshuaj uas ua los ntawm cov khoom yog carcinogenic thiab ua rau mob qog noj ntshav. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov hluav taws kub tsis kam ntawm cov khoom lag luam yog siab heev. Cov khoom tuaj yeem tiv taus cua sov txog 500 degrees rau ob peb teev yam tsis hloov nws lub zog thiab qhov ntom ntom.

Sheathing nrog cov vaj huam sib luag no tau siv hauv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, thaum nws xav tau txheej txheej nrog cov khoom siv zoo ib puag ncig.

Superizole - cov khoom siv ntawm calcium silicate, nws yog qhov hnyav thiab txiav tau yooj yim. Superizol tuaj yeem tiv taus cua sov txog li 1000 degrees, thaum nws muaj cov thermal conductivity txo. Cov khoom siv no yog xav tau rau kev teeb tsa ntawm kev faib thiab tiv thaiv phab ntsa kom zoo nkauj.

Qhov tsis zoo suav nrog kev tawg: nyob rau hauv kev siv tshuab kev nyuaj, xws li cov khoom tawg.

Iav-magnesium panels Yog cov khoom siv uas muaj magnesium chloride, fiberglass thiab nthuav perlite nrog ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Muaj cov nplaum siab, tsis muaj cua sov ua kom sov, ntxiv rau, nws yooj yim rau txheej txheem.

Vermiculite - slabs raws li silicate mica sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Nws yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom uas khaws cov cua sov. Qhov tsis zoo suav nrog tsis muaj dej tiv taus, yog li ntawd yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv ntxiv los ntawm dej thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.

Cov ntxaij hlau - ntawv cov khoom tiv taus hluav taws nrog qhov ua kom pom tseeb. Cov khoom zoo li no tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv phab ntsa los ntawm kev ua kom sov ntau dhau, tab sis tseem tso cai rau koj kom tswj tau qhov sov nyob hauv chav, xav txog nws sab hauv.

Feem ntau, cov ntawv no yog ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb.

Clinker - Cov khoom siv ceramic no yog ua los ntawm cov av nplaum zoo. Nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm nws qhov kev tiv thaiv rau qhov kub heev, muaj peev xwm tiv tsis tau tsuas yog hluav taws, tab sis kuj tseem khov heev.

Porcelain pob zeb - cov khoom siv raws li marble, granite thiab quartz chips nrog qhov muaj ntsev thiab hlau oxides. Qhov sib txawv hauv kev muaj peev xwm tiv taus cua sov txog li 100 degrees lossis ntau dua, yog qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ya raws siab.

Los ntawm porosity

Nyob ntawm qib ntawm qhov qhib qhov pore, muaj:

• txog li 3% - superdense;
• txog li 10% - siab ntom ntom;
• txog li 16% - ntom;
• mus txog 20% - compacted;
• txog li 30% - qhov nruab nrab ntom ntom;
• txog li 45% - qis -ntom;
• txog li 75% - ntxeem tau heev;
• ntau dua 75% yog qhov ntxeem tau ultra.

Cov duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj nyob hauv cov duab sib txawv thiab ntau thiab tsawg:

• wedge -shaped or straight - tuaj yeem ua me me, zoo ib yam lossis loj;
• zoo li tus, yooj yim, ntxiv rau nyuaj - hnyav dua 60 kg.

Qhov kev thov loj tshaj plaws tau txais los ntawm cov ntawv phaj. Lawv lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm yog nyob ntawm qhov loj thiab txheej ntawm cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom . Lawv yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb rau sab hauv ntawm chav rhaub dej kub, lub qhov cub hauv tsev, cov qhov cub tawg, lawv tau tiv thaiv cua sov rau kab, rhaub dej, nrog rau cua sov hauv chav da dej thiab saunas. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv cov ntxaij vab tshaus thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tag nrho thiab nws tus kheej.

Moulding thiab hmoov cov khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam hauv kev tsim khoom. Nws daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev kho lub tshuab ua haujlwm raws li cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom siv raw uas tsis hloov pauv tau siv los ua khaub ncaws rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom lag luam.

Cov ntawv thov

Txhua hom nplaim hluav taws cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau siv hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam. Lawv koom nrog hauv cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab hlau-thaj tsam no suav txog 60% ntawm cov khoom lag luam ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tiv taus cua sov feem ntau, ntxiv rau hauv kev tsim cov nplais thiab iav . Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov kua qaub thiab cov cua sov. Lawv tau ua kab nrog cov cua sov ua haujlwm, nrog rau lwm qhov kev teeb tsa nrog qhib nplaim taws.

Hauv lub neej txhua hnub, cov khoom lag luam zoo li no tau pom daim ntawv thov kev teeb tsa lub qhov cub thiab qhov cub, cov khoom ci ci thiab cov pa taws . Cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav no tau siv dav hauv kev tsim kho thiab teeb tsa lub tsev. Lawv tau siv rau cov rooj tog hauv qab nthab thiab phab ntsa hauv chav. Cov kev daws teeb meem zoo heev ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb rau hluav taws ntawm cov qauv, yog li ntawd lawv tau siv hauv cov txheej txheem nrog kev xav tau ntxiv rau PPB.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias feem ntau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus hluav taws, yog li lawv tuaj yeem hlawv . Cov khoom kub-tiv taus thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau txawv. Cov tom kawg tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov chaw ntawm nplaim taws ntawm qhov ze ze ntev - lawv tau xav tau dav hauv kev tsim kho chav da dej thiab saunas.

Cov khoom siv tiv tshav kub tuaj yeem tiv taus cua sov, tab sis qhib hluav taws yuav ua rau lawv cov qauv puas tsuaj.