Masonry Xuab Zeb: Cov Xuab Zeb Twg Yog Qhov Zoo Tshaj Los Siv Rau Lub Ntsej Muag Cib? Cov Xuab Zeb Dawb, Dej, Hav Dej Thiab Lwm Yam

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Kev siv cov xuab zeb los ua cov cib lossis cov khoom thaiv tso cai rau koj kom tau cov tshuaj khib ntawm qhov xav tau ceev thiab lub zog. Tab sis tsis yog txhua qhov khoom siv tau zoo rau kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tham hauv ntau yam ntxiv txog yam xuab zeb twg - dawb, dej, dej hiav txwv lossis lwm yam zoo dua los siv rau kev ua cov cib thiab cov tsev tsim.

Vim li cas thiaj xav tau?

Quartz xuab zeb, paub rau txhua tus, yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj khib rau tso cib . Nws feem ntau nyob ntawm nws: yuav ua li cas muaj zog thiab ruaj khov cov qauv lossis nws cov ntsej muag zoo nkauj sab nrauv yuav tig tawm. Cov neeg tsis muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev tsim kho feem ntau ntseeg tias cov khoom siv no tsis tas yuav tsum tau siv, thiab nws qhov ntau npaum li cas tuaj yeem hloov pauv yam tsis xav tau. Qhov tseeb, kev ua txhaum ntawm kev faib ua feem ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab cov cement ua rau qhov tseeb tias cov tshuaj tsis ua yas. Raws li, nws cov khoom tsis zoo, lub sijhawm tawv ntawm cov khoom hloov pauv.

Cov xuab zeb hauv cov cement slurry tiag tiag ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib sau ua ke, tab sis nws qhov sib faib hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua tiav yog qhov tseem ceeb heev . Feem ntau nws yog 3/4 lossis 5/6 feem ntawm tag nrho pawg. Qhov kev faib ua feem no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov masonry tsis raug rau kev tsis ruaj khov lossis muaj kev nyuaj siab. Raws li, kev daws teeb meem nrog cov ntim me me ntawm phau ntawv - xis mas, txiv qaub - haum rau nws.

Hauv qhov no, cov xuab zeb yuav tsum muaj cov hauv qab no:

• txaus ntim ntawm masonry pawg;
• txo qis ntawm cov cib los yog cov qauv thaiv;
• kev sib koom ua ke thiab sau cov khoob, voids.

Lub ntsej muag ntawm phab ntsa tiav yog nyob ntawm seb yam khoom siv twg. Qhov no dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb thaum tsim kom zoo nkauj facade cladding.

Ib qho ntxiv, xuab zeb muaj ntau lwm yam txiaj ntsig. Cov khoom siv no muaj tshuaj lom inertness txaus, lub zog siv zog thiab cov yam ntxwv sib xws.

Hom xuab zeb thiab lawv cov khoom

Muaj ob peb hom xuab zeb siv hauv kev npaj cov tshuaj khib, suav nrog rau kev ua masonry. Cov kev nyiam tshaj plaws tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb.

Ravine

Ib hom av xuab zeb tau los ntawm qhov qhib qhov av. Nws muaj cov khoom ua kom zoo vim nws cov npoo ntse thiab qhov ntxhib nto . Tab sis vim yog cov qauv muaj kuab paug ntau heev, hom khoom loj no tsuas yog tsim rau cov kev daws teeb meem siv hauv cov pob zeb ntxhib, hauv paus. Qhov loj ntawm cov feem hauv cov av xuab zeb sib txawv los ntawm 1.5 txog 3 hli, uas tso cai rau nws muab lub zog txaus ntawm cov sib xyaw ua tiav.

Dej

Hom kev tsim cov khoom loj no suav tias yog qhov huv tshaj plaws thiab ib puag ncig zoo tshaj plaws … Nws cov khoom tsim tawm los ntawm hauv qab ntawm cov dej ntws ntws, qhov twg pob zeb quartz tau siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev. Cov khoom siv muaj cov duab sib npaug, tsis muaj impurities, thiab tuaj yeem siv los npaj kev daws teeb meem yam tsis muaj kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv thiab ntxuav. Hiav txwv xuab zeb hauv nws cov khoom zoo ib yam li cov xuab zeb dej, tsuas yog qhov chaw rho tawm sib txawv.

Raws li txoj cai, hom kev sib sau ua ke dawb no tau xaiv los ntawm qhov loj me. Kev faib ua ntxhib - los ntawm 2, 8 txog 5 mm hauv txoj kab uas hla tsim nyog rau cov hauv paus. Qhov nruab nrab thiab me me mus rau phab ntsa masonry. Cov xim ntau ntawm cov xuab zeb dej sib txawv los ntawm daj ntseg grey rau beige-daj. Tus nqi siab dua ua rau cov khoom siv no tsis yog qhov pheej yig tshaj, tab sis qhov zoo thiab tsis muaj cov khoom tsis huv them rau tag nrho cov nqi.

Alluvial

Xuab zeb nrog cov yam ntxwv thoob ntiaj teb thiab pom qhov loj me me … Cov khoom siv no tau muab rho tawm los ntawm kev siv cov dredgers lossis cov tsheb hauv av nrog kev teeb tsa hydromechanical, thiab tom qab ntawd yuav tsum tau kho ntxiv nrog dej kom tshem tawm cov tsis huv. Nws yog tus yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• sanded du nto;
• puag ncig lossis oval duab;
• cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov av thiab cov av nplaum tsawg dua 0.3%;
• qhov loj me me ntawm cov feem - txog 2 hli;
• cov xim sib txawv ntawm straw daj mus rau grey.

Raws li nws cov yam ntxwv, ntxuav los yog ntxuav cov xuab zeb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev npaj masonry mortar, muab nws nrog cov yas zoo thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj.

Txoj hauj lwm

Mined hauv cov chaw txua txiag zeb, nyob hauv qab ntawm lwm cov pob zeb hauv av, cov xuab zeb txua zeb yog cov yam ntxwv muaj kuab paug siab heev. Nws muaj txog li 7% cov av nplaum, uas txo qis tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv ntau. Txhawm rau ntxiv tus nqi, tshem tawm cov tshuaj tsis tsim nyog, yaug thiab sieving tau siv . Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov feem hauv qhov no dhau los ua qhov sib xws, thiab lawv cov qauv ua dawb huv.

Dawb

Cov xuab zeb no tuaj yeem yog keeb kwm los yog khoom cuav, huv thiab zoo nkauj heev . Nws muaj txog li 90-95% quartz. Qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm nws qhov kev rho tawm yog nyob hauv hav hav, tab sis kuj tseem muaj ntau qhov chaw txua txiag zeb zais los ntawm lwm cov pob zeb hauv av. Hauv qhov no, thaum lub sijhawm rho tawm, cov dej ntws dawb tau dhau mus ua qias neeg heev, cov av nplaum thiab loam nkag rau hauv.

Qee zaum ntuj dawb xuab zeb tau hloov los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke. Hauv qhov no, cov cuab yeej siv zom zaws tau siv, hloov cov blocks ntawm dawb quartz rau hauv cov khoom lag luam nrog cov feem xav tau. Cov nplej yog ntse-lub kaum ntse ntse, tsis nrog cov npoo sib npaug, cov khoom nws tus kheej yog monomineral. Nws mus muag hauv hnab, nws tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov muab tshuaj rau cov tshuaj khib hauv cov phab ntsa zoo nkauj.

Xaiv

Thaum txiav txim siab cov xuab zeb twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv rau masonry mortar, koj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tsis yog hom khoom nkaus xwb . Txawm tias qhov huv ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb. Qhov phom sij tshaj plaws rau cov cement mortar yog cov av nplaum, uas tsis tso cai sib xyaw kom dhau dej. Vim yog siv cov tshuaj ua kom muaj kab mob sib kis, qhov sib xyaw yuav ua rau muaj pob, thiab qhov ua kom tiav yuav muaj qhov ua kom lub zog qis dua.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm ib qho txawv teb chaws suav nrog hauv cov tshuaj khib rau masonry cuam tshuam rau nws cov yas, tsis sib xws ntawm kev faib khoom thiab sau cov voids. Koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm txhua qhov tsis huv yog tias koj xub sift cov xuab zeb. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev faib ua feem yog 1-2 hli, qhov loj dua tuaj yeem lees txais hauv qhov ntxhib.

Rau kev ua haujlwm zoo nkauj, nws yog qhov zoo dua los npaj kev daws teeb meem los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo.

Thaum xaiv qee hom xuab zeb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev daws teeb meem. Tshwj xeeb, nws tuaj yeem faib ua ob peb pawg.

• Rau nthuav av nplaum qhob blocks . Hom khoom siv hauv tsev no yog tus yam ntxwv zoo ib yam li cug masonry. Tias yog vim li cas cov cement-sand sib tov yog qhov kev daws teeb meem nkaus xwb thaum tsim cov masonry. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas muaj pes tsawg leeg ua tau zoo heev, tsis kis tau, tab sis nws ua tiav hauv qhov tsis xws luag thiab voids zoo. Cov yam ntxwv no zoo ib yam nrog cov xuab zeb dej ntshiab lossis nws sib xyaw nrog chaw txua txiag zeb.
• Rau cinder block . Masonry cug rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yuav tsum yog homogeneous, tab sis nws tsis tas yuav ntxiv cov khoom sib xyaw zoo rau nws. Nws yog txaus los siv cov xuab zeb uas tau cog qoob loo. Txhawm rau kom ua kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm cov masonry, koj tuaj yeem siv tus dej los yog cov lus piav qhia.
• Rau ua npuas ncauj . Cov khoom siv ntxeem tau tsis tshua muaj cov duab geometry zoo tagnrho. Yog li ntawd lawv tsis cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim kho, siv cov cement-sand mortars. Kev xaiv cov khoom siv raw rau lawv kev npaj yuav tsum tau ceev faj tshwj xeeb. Cov xuab zeb yuav tsum ua kom muaj homogeneity thiab elasticity ntawm qhov sib xyaw, yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua kom tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev xaiv ua haujlwm pheej yig los ntawm kev xaiv tus dej lossis dej hiav txwv ib qho nrog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev faib ua feem.
• Rau kev ua cib … Yuav luag txhua cov xuab zeb tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua haujlwm ntxhib, tab sis kev ua tiav yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nrog cov khoom siv raw. Nws muab qhov siab tshaj plaws homogeneity thiab zoo elasticity, cov tshuaj cug ua tiav tsis kis, thiab tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov cement. Txawm tias ntxuav cov av xuab zeb yog qhov tsim nyog rau phab ntsa ntawm chav nres tsheb lossis kev tsim tawm.
• Rau lub hauv paus . Nws siv cov nqi pheej yig thiab dav muaj cov chaw txua txiag zeb, uas tau ua tiav cov txheej txheem ntxiv. Ua ntej npaj cov tshuaj, nws tau sieved lossis ntxuav. Koj tuaj yeem yuav daim ntawv npaj ua tiav ntawm sown xuab zeb, twb tau ntxuav ntawm cov av nplaum ntau dhau.
• Rau ntsej muag cib . Hauv qhov no, cov masonry xav kom siv cov xuab zeb zoo - dawb nrog cov ntsiab lus siab quartz yog qhov tsim nyog. Nws yog qhov zoo nkauj heev, yooj yim los sib xyaw nrog cov cement, tsim cov yas loj uas tuaj yeem tso tusyees, hauv txheej nyias. Qhov kev daws teeb meem no yuav tsis ua txhaum qhov zoo nkauj ntawm cov pob zeb tom qab tawv.

Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev los xaiv txoj hauv kev xaiv rau cov xuab zeb rau kev npaj cov cement-based mortar.

Feem ntau, cov dej sib xyaw ua ke tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov tsev thaiv thiab cov cib, uas yog kim dua li cov chaw txua txiag zeb, tab sis tshaj nws qhov zoo thiab kev dawb huv.