Cinder Block Loj: Txheem Qhov Siab Thiab Dav Ntawm Cov Khoom Faib, Txheem Qhov Ntev Ntawm Cinder Block Cib

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Cinder block yog cov khoom siv nrov uas siv hauv ob qho tib si nyob hauv tsev thiab kev tsim kho vaj tsev. Nws muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv zoo uas tau ua rau nws nrov heev.

Pros thiab cons ntawm cov khoom

Lub cinder block yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas tsim los uas siv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom siv co nrog nias. Cov khoom lag luam zoo sib xws tsis yog tsuas yog ua hauv lub hoobkas, tab sis kuj nyob hauv tsev. Tau kawg, hauv qhov xwm txheej tom kawg, cov khoom lag luam zoo tau txais tsuas yog nrog kev nruj nruj rau thev naus laus zis. Cov khoom siv saum toj no tau ntsib ntau zaus niaj hnub no.

Nws tau siv tsis yog tsuas yog tsim kev tsim vaj tsev nyob ib puag ncig, tab sis kuj yog tsim los ntawm txhua yam kev tsim tawm sab nrauv, los ntawm chav da dej thiab tso rau thawj gazebos thiab paj txaj.

Cov slag thaiv yog tus yam ntxwv zoo hauv qab no uas tau ua rau nws nrov nyob hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no:

• ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv no yog tias nws yog hluav taws kub;
• lub cinder block tsis ntshai ntawm qhov kub siab lossis qis dua, txawm tias nyob hauv qhov hnyav heev, cov khoom zoo li no tsis raug rau kev hloov pauv lossis puas tsuaj;
• lub tsev thiab lwm yam txheej txheem ua los ntawm cinder block yog ruaj thiab txhim khu kev qha; yog li, lub tsev zoo ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem yooj yim nyob rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo yam tsis poob nws qhov qub;
• cinder block vaj tse tuaj yeem kho tau yam tsis muaj teeb meem; tsis yog tsuas yog tus kws paub dhau los, tab sis kuj yog tus pib tuaj yeem yooj yim tiv nrog cov haujlwm no;
• tus tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm cov kws tsim kev paub qhia tswv yim tig mus rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev no, txij li txhua qhov ua haujlwm nrog nws mus sai, vim qhov ntim ntau ntawm cov thaiv thiab lawv cov txheeb ze muaj peev xwm - yog tias tsim nyog, cov tswv tuaj yeem kho cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, piv txwv li, txiav lossis txiav tawm qhov seem;
• kev tsim kho ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv no feem ntau pheej yig;
• txawm tias tus tswv tsis muaj txuj ci uas tsis tau ntsib yav dhau los xws li kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem lis kev tso cov cinder block ntsiab; Ntxiv mus, koj tuaj yeem tsim lub tsev los ntawm cinder block nrog koj txhais tes, yam tsis muaj kev qhia tshwj xeeb;
• cov ntaub ntawv no yog cov yam ntxwv ua kom muaj suab zoo, vim yog tus yam ntxwv no hauv cov tsev thaiv cinder feem ntau tsis muaj suab nrov sab nraud
• cinder blocks tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv raw ntawm ntau hom, ua tsaug rau qhov no, txhua tus neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem xaiv rau nws tus kheej cov khoom lag luam uas yuav pab tau yam tsis muaj teeb meem hauv qee yam xwm txheej;

• cov khoom no tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntxim nyiam lossis nplua nuj, txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem pom ntawm kev ua lag luam - cov hniav cinder zoo nkauj; cov ntsiab lus zoo li kim thiab ua kom zoo nkauj, yog li lawv feem ntau siv los ua cladding ntawm ntau lub tsev;
• slag thaiv yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim lub tsev ntiag tug, vim nws tsis yog "phiaj" rau nas, nas thiab ntau yam kab; vim tias kab mob parasites tsis txaus siab rau cov khoom siv no, nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau kho tas li nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, xws li tshuaj tua kab mob;
• cov khoom no tsis raug rau rotting, zoo li, piv txwv li, ntoo ntuj, uas dhau sijhawm poob nws qhov zoo nkauj thiab ntau yam zoo;
• ntau tus neeg siv khoom xaiv rau cinder block, txij li nws muaj peev xwm ua kom sov, cinder thaiv tsev tau dhau los ua sov heev thiab tos txais qhua;
• nws tau tso cai thauj cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog hauv cov khoom tshwj xeeb xwb, lawv feem ntau yooj yim quav hauv lub tsheb thauj khoom, yam tsis ntshai nti;
• qee hom slag blocks yog qhov hnyav, uas yog vim li cas cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv zoo sib xws tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus hnyav;
• ntau tus neeg yuav khoom xav tias lub cinder block tuaj yeem tsuas yog ib lub duab plaub, qhov tseeb, hnub no koj tuaj yeem ntsib cov blocks uas muaj cov duab sib txawv heev; cov qauv qub thiab qhov muag pom tau tsim los ntawm lawv;
• cov ntaub ntawv no tsis ua mob rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, thiab tseem tsis ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj;
• Lub cinder block tsis ntshai qhov kub nce.

Cov kws tsim khoom xav kom koj paub koj tus kheej nrog txhua qhov tsis zoo ntawm slag thaiv ua ntej txav mus rau kev ua haujlwm ncaj qha nrog lawv siv.

Cov no suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• tsis yog txhua hom cinder blocks yog qhov hnyav, kuj tseem muaj kev xaiv hnyav, ua haujlwm nrog uas siv sijhawm ntau thiab siv zog;
• yog tias koj xav siv nyiaj los ntawm kev yuav cov khoom siv kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau npaj rau qhov tseeb tias nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov khoom yooj yim ntawm kev tsim zoo nkauj;
• cov thaiv no yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov av noo thiab noo, vim lawv yuav nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv; dhau sijhawm, cov dej ntub yuav tsub rau hauv cov thaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau lawv sib cais thiab rhuav tshem;
• qee yam ntawm cov thaiv no tsis tuaj yeem hu ua tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig, vim tias lawv muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw ua ke;
• thaum xaiv qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj thaiv, ib tus yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias nws yog hygroscopic heev;
• tso cinder thaiv phab ntsa, ntau tus kws ua haujlwm tau ntsib teeb meem ntawm kev sib txuas lus; hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo li no, koj yuav tsum tig mus rau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb;
• cov tsev ntau lub tsev siab tsis tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov thaiv no;
• yam tsis ua tiav, ua npuas ncauj thaiv tsis zoo nkauj heev, yog li nws feem ntau ua tiav; cov tswv yuav ntsib ib qho ntxiv qhov txawv - plaster lossis pleev xim thiab cov kua roj vanish sib xyaw tsis tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no vim yog nqus dej ntawm cov thaiv, nws raug tso cai ua kom tiav cov hauv paus no tsuas yog cov khoom tshwj xeeb;
• cov duab geometry ntawm cinder blocks tawm ntau qhov xav tau, vim li no, thaum tso cinder thaiv phab ntsa, cov kws ua haujlwm feem ntau yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov dav hlau;
• cov thaiv uas tsis tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kev lag luam tuaj yeem muaj qhov tsis zoo vim tsis ua raws li kev faib ua feem lossis kev tsim khoom thev naus laus zis.

Saib

Ntawm lub khw muag khoom cov khoom lag luam, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau hom slag blocks.

• Hollow thiab corpulent . Cov ntaub ntawv no tau siv hauv kev tsim kho nrog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tas li. Yog li, cov hnoos qeev tag nrho tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov hauv paus, kab, txhawb cov qauv thiab plinths. Blocks nrog voids tau siv hauv kev tsim kho ntawm cov faib thiab phab ntsa. Cov khoom lag luam no hnyav heev, yog li lawv tsis tsim cov khoom hnyav ntawm lub hauv paus.
• Hniav . Cov hom cinder blocks no ntsib. Lawv tau nyob hauv lawv qhov tshwj xeeb hauv khw muag khoom cov khoom lag luam tsis ntev los no, tab sis twb tau tswj hwm kom muaj koob npe ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom vim lawv qhov zoo nkauj. Ntawm lawv saum npoo muaj cov txheej zoo nkauj zoo nkauj uas zoo li pob zeb lossis plaster. Qhov ntxiv no tsis tsuas yog ua rau cov thaiv ntau qhov zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov av noo thiab noo noo. Tau kawg, cov ntaub ntawv zoo li kim dua cov khoom yooj yim, tab sis lawv qhov zoo ua pov thawj tus nqi.
• Hauv paus . Thaiv ntawm hom no tseem hu ua pob zeb dag. Cov khoom lag luam no muaj cov yam ntxwv muaj zog zoo. Ntxiv mus, cov ntaub ntawv no ua haujlwm ntev heev. Sij hawm dhau mus, cov hauv paus cinder thaiv tsis ntsws lossis deform.
• Muab faib . Cov hom cinder blocks no yog tsim los rau kev muab faib faib (li no lub npe). Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov phab ntsa du thiab zoo ntawm qhov geometry raug. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev siv cov cement mortar tsis tuaj yeem tab sis zoo siab rau tus tswv. Cov block no kuj txawv nyob hauv qhov uas lawv siv tau yooj yim.
• Xim Cov hom cinder blocks no tau siv ntau zaus raws li cov kev xaiv ib txwm muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv feem ntau raug xa mus rau hauv kev tsim cov laj kab thiab cov qauv kab. Ib lossis lwm qhov ntxoov ntxoo tau muab rau cov thaiv no txawm tias thaum lawv tsim khoom. Rau lub hom phiaj no, kev daws teeb meem yog ntxiv nrog cov pob zeb tawg tawg los yog cov xim av xim av.
• Torn thiab chipped . Tsis ntev los no, tawg thiab chipped cinder blocks tau tshwm sim ntawm kev muag. Lawv qhov saum npoo yog suav tias yog qhov zoo nkauj, vim nws yog qhov ua piv txwv ntawm "nraus" lossis cov pob zeb tawg. Cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb tau siv rau cladding vim qhov zoo li qub.

Slag blocks kuj tau faib raws li lawv lub hauv paus.

Muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv

• Slag . Slag-based cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov feem ntau. Lawv khav theeb zoo rwb thaiv tsev zoo. Cov blocks no muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntau npaum li cov cib yooj yim. Tab sis ntawm no nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub neej kev pabcuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no nyob ntawm lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
• Arbolite . Ntoo qhob thaiv kuj tseem muaj cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo heev, tab sis lawv tsis nyob ntev li cov khoom lag luam slag, uas yog qhov teeb meem loj dua. Yog tias, txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj uas txuas ntxiv lawv cov kev ua haujlwm ntev tau ntxiv rau cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse, tom qab ntawd qhov no ua rau cov khoom siv tsis zoo ib puag ncig.
• Nthuav av nplaum . Cov thaiv raws cov av nplaum nthuav dav tau lees paub tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ib puag ncig. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj cov yam ntxwv ua kom sov zoo thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntev heev. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov thaiv no yog vim lawv nthuav av nplaum puag, txij li nthuav av nplaum nws tus kheej yog cov khoom siv hnyav, hauv cov qauv uas muaj cov pores ntuj.

Niaj hnub no, cov kws paub dhau los pom zoo tso tseg lawv txoj kev xaiv ntawm nthuav av nplaum cinder blocks, uas tau piav qhia tsis yog los ntawm lawv ib puag ncig kev nyab xeeb, tab sis kuj los ntawm lawv qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Niaj hnub no ntau lub tsev nyob hauv Europe tau tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus no.

Sib xyaw

Ntau tus neeg siv khoom paub tseeb tias slag yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov cinder blocks. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub npe ntawm cov khoom siv no tau ntev dhau mus rau hauv qeb ntawm kev muaj cai.

Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv los ua tus muab tub lim:

• granite crushed pob zeb;
• xuab zeb;
• pob zeb dej;
• nthuav av nplaum;
• ntoo sawdust;
• slag;
• tshauv.

Cov yam ntxwv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cinder blocks ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov khoom uas muaj nyob hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Piv txwv, cov khoom feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom xyaw xws li pebbles, pob zeb tawg, thiab xuab zeb. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov khoom hnyav thiab hnyav.

Hauv kev npaj cov teeb meem sib xyaw ua ke, siv perlite, slag, nthuav av nplaum tau siv. Los ntawm cov hauv paus no, cov khoom uas muaj qhov hnyav qis thiab tsis muaj cua sov ua kom sov tau txais.

Qhov ntev thiab qhov hnyav

Cov txheej txheem qhov ntev ntawm cov raug slag raws li GOST yog raws li hauv qab no:

• 39 cm - ntev;
• 190 hli - dav;
• 188 hli - qhov siab.

Tab sis tsis txhob xav tias hauv cov khw muag khoom koj tuaj yeem pom cov thaiv uas tsuas muaj qhov ntev li ntawd. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lwm qhov ntau thiab tsawg kuj tseem muaj muag, piv txwv li, 400x200x200 mm lossis 395x195x195 mm. Muaj tshwj xeeb hom cinder blocks - ib nrab thaiv. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem faib tau muab tais los ntawm lawv. Tus qauv qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom siv no yog 390x120x188 mm. Ua-nws-koj tus kheej cov blocks tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv qhov loj me los ntawm cov khoom lag luam tsim tawm ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Piv txwv li, ntu nrog qhov ntev ntawm 300x140x140 mm tau nthuav dav.

Raws li rau qhov hnyav ntawm slag blocks, nws tsim nyog xav tias qhov ntsuas no cuam tshuam los ntawm cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• cov khoom ntim uas suav nrog hauv cov thaiv;
• ncaj qha cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov khoom siv;
• khoom lossis hollow thaiv hom.

Qhov nruab nrab qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom cinder block (tus qauv) yog 25-28 kg. Qhov sib txawv sib txawv tuaj yeem hnyav 13-18 kg, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm ib nrab-thaiv feem ntau sib txawv hauv kev nyeem ntawm 10 txog 13 kg.

Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov

Lub cinder block muaj npe nrov rau nws lub peev xwm ua haujlwm ntau. Cov khoom siv no tau siv hauv ntau thaj chaw thiab muaj lub hom phiaj sib txawv.

Koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov piv txwv hauv qab no:

• khoom siv ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntaw tau siv rau kev tsim cov tsev nyob, thaum cov phab ntsa sab nrauv yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom hauv cov tsev uas muaj ntau dua 1 plag;
• cov khoom siv no tseem siv hauv kev tsim da dej; nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov tsev zoo li no, vim nws tsis ntshai hluav taws thiab tsis rot;
• koj tuaj yeem tsim lub chaw nres tsheb los ntawm cov cinder blocks;
• laj kab txhim khu kev qha tau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, rau lub hom phiaj no nws tau pom zoo kom siv tsuas yog cov khoom tiv taus te uas muaj zog txaus;
• lub hauv paus cinder thaiv cov qauv tsim tau yooj yim, thiab tseem ua haujlwm tau ntau xyoo; lub zog ntawm lub hauv paus no yuav nyob ntawm seb hom av tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov chaw thiab tus lej ntawm cov plag tsev ntawm kev tsim kho yav tom ntej;
• feem ntau cov khoom siv no yog siv rau phab ntsa masonry; yog li, rau cov txheej txheem sab nrauv, cov khoom siv feem ntau siv los yog cov thaiv uas nyob rau theem uas tsis muaj dab tsi yog 30%;
• ntau tus tswv tsim los ntawm cinder blocks ntawm lawv thaj av; yog tias qhov zoo li lub tsev tsis ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb, tom qab ntawd txhua yam kev thaiv (nrog rau ib qho kev sib xyaw) tau siv rau nws;
• zoo-zoo gazebos tau txais los ntawm cinder blocks, tau kawg, tib neeg tsis tig mus rau cov qauv zoo li no ntau zaus, vim tias gazebo qub yuav tsum muaj qhov ntxim nyiam thiab ntxim nyiam dua, tab sis cinder thaiv cov qauv yuav dhau los ua kom sov thiab ruaj khov dua; rau kev ua haujlwm tsim kho no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv uas qib ntawm qhov tsis pom kev yog 40%;

• los ntawm cov slag thaiv, hauv qab daus zoo nkauj tau txais;
• nws tau tso cai siv cov khoom no thaum txhim kho lub hauv paus ntxhib, thiab tom qab kho nws nrog cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj;
• yog tias muaj qhov poob qis pom ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev thiab lub dav hlau ntawm lub vaj, tom qab ntawd nws tuaj yeem tso tawm nrog lub ciam thaiv thaiv lub sam thiaj, uas yuav yooj yim "tawm" qhov poob; cov qauv ntxhib tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog cov vuas lossis cov plooj (porcelain) pob zeb - nws txhua yam nyob ntawm tus nyiam ntawm tus tswv;
• ob peb tus neeg paub, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau chav dej sab nraum zoov los ntawm cinder block; raws li txoj cai, cov txheej txheem no tau ntxiv rau rwb thaiv tsev, yog li ntawd, nws raug tso cai siv txhua hom thaiv (txawm tias muaj qib qis heev);
• ntau tus neeg siv khoom xav tsis thoob tias nws puas tuaj yeem tsim lub pas dej ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm cinder block; qhov tseeb, cov kws tshaj lij tseem qhia kev nchuav cov txheej txheem no nrog cov pob zeb ua ke, vim tias cov khoom slag yuav nqus dej thiab pib tawg, nws zoo dua los ua cov qauv los ntawm cov thaiv;
• qee tus kws tshaj lij hauv tsev ua barbecues los ntawm slag blocks; thaj chaw uas yuav tua hluav taws raug pom zoo kom ua los ntawm cov cib ua hluav taws, thiab qhov qis yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov thaiv;
• ib qho siv cinder block qee zaum kim dua li qhov tshiab, raws li txoj cai, cov ntaub ntawv no tau muab tso ua ntej siv cov thev naus laus zis raug thiab raug tsim tawm hauv lub hoobkas; cov hom slag blocks no tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim cesspools.