Cov Xuab Zeb Dawb-pob Zeb Cib: Qhov Loj Me Raws Li Tus Txheej Txheem, Qhov Ntev Ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Cib Zoo Tib Yam Hauv Centimeters

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Hauv ntau qhov kev xaiv loj ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev, cib tau nrov tshaj plaws thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam tau ntau xyoo. Tsis tsuas yog cov tsev nyob tau tsim los ntawm nws, tab sis kuj yog cov tsev lossis tsev tsim khoom, nrog rau txhua yam kev tsim tawm. Koj tuaj yeem tig mus rau cov cib silicate yog tias koj npaj yuav txhim kho lub zog muaj zog. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no tau xaiv los ntawm ntau tus neeg siv. Hnub no peb yuav ua tib zoo saib seb qhov ntev thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo li cib muaj li cas.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Silicate cib yog cov khoom tsim ua tsev uas muaj cov duab zoo ib yam sib xws (cov qauv uas tsis yog tus qauv yuav muaj lwm yam duab). Nws yog tsim los ntawm quartz xuab zeb thiab txiv qaub. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab lav tau zoo duab geometric. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov tseem ceeb no tsis tseem ceeb rau kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntsej muag, tab sis kuj rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev koom nrog nws cov khoom ib leeg.

Qhov nqaim me me ntawm cov cib, qhov pom tsawg dua ntawm cov choj txias yuav yog.

Nta, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Tam sim no, thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev txaus siab rau nws qhov sib txawv. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws rau txhua txoj haujlwm tsim kho. Peb tuaj yeem tham txog ob qho kev tsim tawm me me xws li qaib coop, thiab kev tsim kho hnyav dua, piv txwv li, lub tsev loj. Hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, tib neeg xaiv cov xuab zeb-pob zeb cib ua cov khoom tseem ceeb.

Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no tau pib siv rau hauv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tsis ntev los no . Kev siv thev naus laus zis tau thov tsuas yog xyoo 1880, tab sis lub sijhawm no txaus los nkag siab tias cov tsev ua los ntawm cov cib silicate muaj txoj cai khav theeb lub zog ntxiv, ua kom ntev thiab ntseeg tau. Cov khoom siv raw, uas yog nrov hnub no, muaj ntau yam zoo uas ua rau nws xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.

Cia peb tau paub lawv

• Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau lub zog ntawm silicate cib. Qhov sib txawv nrog cov cim M-300 muaj, uas tuaj yeem tiv taus siab txog 30 MPa yam tsis muaj teeb meem (tus nqi no tseem ceeb). Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov silicates kuj tau hloov pauv rau qhov khoov hnyav (txog 4 MPa).
• Cov xuab zeb-txiv qaub cib yog tiv taus kom shrinkage. Cov txheej txheem ua los ntawm nws tsis raug rau tawg. Ib qho ntxiv, lawv tsis ntshai hloov pauv hauv cov hauv paus.
• Los ntawm nws tus kheej, dawb xuab zeb-txiv qaub cib yog qhov txaus nyiam heev thiab zoo nkauj. Cov qauv zoo nkauj heev tau txais los ntawm cov khoom lag luam.
• Silicate cib yog yooj yim heev hauv kev tsim kho. Yuav luag txhua qhov kev sib xyaw masonry haum rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev no.

Nws tuaj yeem yog cov cement-lime thiab polymer nplaum mortar. Koj tsis tas yuav mus nrhiav tsheb ciav hlau tshwj xeeb.

• Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no tsis xav kom tswj hwm. Nws yog unpretentious thiab ruaj.
• Cov txheej txheem cib dawb ua tau zoo yog qhov ua haujlwm ntev. Feem ntau nws nyob ib puag ncig 50-100 xyoo.
• Silicate cib yog cov khoom siv uas muaj lub suab zoo rwb thaiv tsev. Hauv cov tsev tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv raw, cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm txoj kev yuav tsis hnov, uas ua rau ntau tus neeg nyiam.
• Txij li thaum muaj cov kua qaub nyob hauv cov cib silicate, nws tsis xav tau kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob ntxiv. Nws tsis tshua muaj neeg pom tias pwm lossis kab mob tshwm rau ntawm phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov khoom no.
• Cov tsev los ntawm cov cib silicate zoo vim tias lawv tsis ua rau lub hauv paus hnyav thiab ua kom pom kev txaus.
• Lwm qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov xuab zeb-txiv qaub cib yog nws cov duab meej. Vim tias qhov zoo no, cov choj txias yuav luag tsis nyob hauv cov tsev uas ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no, thiab nws yooj yim dua los tso cov khoom no.

• Tsis muaj cov dej ntws tawm ntawm phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov cib silicate.
• Cov xuab zeb cib yog ib puag ncig zoo. Nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua mob rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm lossis tom qab nws ua tiav. Cov khoom siv no tseem muaj kev nyab xeeb rau ib puag ncig.
• Ntau tus neeg siv nyiam cov xuab zeb-txiv qaub cib vim nws tsis tuaj yeem hlawv tau. Thiab nws tsis txhawb kev hlawv nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov cib silicate tsis nyiam qhov ntsuas kub siab - qhov txwv yog 500 degrees Celsius. Yog tias cua sov mus dhau qhov kev txwv tshwj xeeb, lub cib, ntawm chav kawm, yuav nyob zoo thiab yuav tsis sib nrug, tab sis nws qib ntawm lub zog yuav poob qis.
• Xws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev muaj tus nqi pheej yig thiab pom muaj nyob hauv ntau lub khw muag khoom, yog li nws tsis nyuaj nrhiav nws.

Yog tias koj txiav txim siab tig mus rau silicate cib, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum paub tsis yog tsuas yog nws qhov zoo, tab sis kuj hais txog nws qhov tsis zoo

• Qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yog nws nqus dej siab. Vim li no, cov cib zoo li yuav raug kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov kub tsawg (dej khov yooj yim nthuav pob zeb). Tias yog vim li cas cov hauv paus tsis ua los ntawm cov cib silicate, vim tias lawv tsis zoo li yuav dhau los ua qhov zoo thiab ntseeg tau.
• Silicate cib tsis muaj cov khoom tiv taus khov heev. Nws raug nquahu kom siv nws tsuas yog hauv cheeb tsam yav qab teb lossis nruab nrab. Rau thaj chaw txias, cov khoom siv hauv tsev tsis zoo, uas yog qhov rho tawm loj rau Russia.
• Ntawm silicate cib, raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj cov khoom siv dai kom zoo nkauj, nrog rau cov ntawv zoo nkauj ntws. Cov ntaub ntawv no tsuas yog muag hauv cov qauv txheej txheem.
• Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no muaj cov thermal conductivity siab. Cov tsev uas ua los ntawm cov cib no yuav tsum tau insulated.

Yog tias koj txiav txim siab tso tseg cov rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv, thiab hloov kho cov phab ntsa uas tuab dhau, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum paub tias thaum kawg nws yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntau.

• Txawm hais tias lub teeb pom kev tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov cib silicate, cov khoom no nws tus kheej hnyav dua li nws cov neeg ua haujlwm, uas tsim qee yam nyuaj hauv nws txoj kev thauj mus los.
• Muaj ntau cov khoom lag luam uas tsis zoo ntawm kev ua lag luam niaj hnub uas tau dhau los ua kev ntseeg tau thiab ruaj khov. Cov tsev uas ua los ntawm cov cib uas tsis zoo tsis kav ntev thiab pib tawg sai.
• Cov xim xim ntawm cov cib zoo li tsis tshua muaj - tsuas yog cov khoom siv dawb thiab liab. Hauv lawv cov khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov xim uas tiv taus alkali, thiab muaj tsawg heev ntawm lawv. Tseeb, nrog kev nqus dej ntau, cov xim ntawm cov cib pib hloov pauv - nws hloov xim av. Vim li no, lub tsev ua kom zoo nkauj dua.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov cib silicate ntau dua li qhov zoo. Tau kawg, ntau qhov nyob ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas koj tau yuav cov khoom. Tias yog vim li cas cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo yuav cov khoom lag luam hauv cov chaw tsim khoom ntseeg uas muaj lub koob npe zoo hauv koj lub nroog.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg

Cov cib silicate zoo yuav tsum muaj tus lej ntawm cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem siv tau hauv ntau yam haujlwm tsim kho. Muaj pawg cais rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev no. Nws suav nrog cov khoom lag luam uas tsis muaj tus qauv zoo (nyob deb ntawm qhov sib npaug sib npaug) thiab qhov ntev ib yam. Nrog kev siv cov ntsiab lus zoo li no, ntau yam kev tsim vaj tsev uas nthuav.

Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem ua rau pom zoo nkauj thiab nplua nuj arches, zoo sib npaug cov ces kaum lossis lub vaults - muaj ntau txoj hauv kev xaiv rau siv cov cib uas tsis yog tus qauv. Qhov ntev ntawm cov ntu no tau txiav txim siab los ntawm TU thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau GOSTs. Cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no ntawm cov cib silicate nyob hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm GOST cov ntsiab lus.

• Qib zog . Cov khoom tsim ua cim M75-M300. Rau kev npaj ntawm phab ntsa sab hauv, nws yog ib txwm siv cov cib nrog qib tsim nyog ntawm qhov ntom. Raws li rau lub ntsej muag ua haujlwm, tsuas yog ib lub cib nrog lub cim tsawg kawg M125 lossis pob zeb (ob lub cib) ntawm qib tsawg kawg M100 yog qhov tsim nyog.
• Frost kuj qib . Lawv tsim cov cib silicate ntawm cov qib hauv qab no - F25 -F50. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov ntaub ntawv tsim tsev ntawm cov chav sib txawv tuaj yeem tiv taus 25 txog 50 khov thiab thaws mus los yam tsis tau poob lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
• Kev ua kom sov . Qhov no txhais tau tias muaj qee qhov cua sov uas cov cib tuaj yeem tso los ntawm nws tus kheej ib chav nyob ntawm lub sijhawm. Rau silicate cib, qhov ntsuas tsis siab tshaj plaws.
• Kev nyab xeeb hluav taws . Qhov ntsuas no nyob ntawm qhov ncaj qha ntawm cov cib. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov khoom puas.
• Xov tooj cua . Qhov ntsuas no hauv cov cib silicate tsis dhau ntawm 370 Bq / kg cim.

Raws li rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom lag luam, nws zoo ib yam rau txhua hom cib. Feem ntau nws suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• quartz xuab zeb (80-90%);
• txiv qaub slaked (10-15%);
• lim xuab zeb.

Tab sis cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw yuav txawv, uas cuam tshuam nws cov yam ntxwv zoo. Muaj cov cib silicate nrog cov qauv hauv qab no.

Corpulent . Nws yog cov khoom monolithic silicate uas tsis muaj voids. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom siv raw nws tus kheej tuaj yeem muaj qee tus lej ntawm qhov hws, uas cuam tshuam rau nws qhov ntom ntom. Kev xaiv cov khoom siv cib yog ntom thiab muaj zog dua. Ib qho ntxiv, lawv yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntev dua thiab qib qis tshaj ntawm kev nqus dej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias cov khoom cib muaj cov yam ntxwv ua kom sov siab tshaj plaws, nrog rau qhov hnyav tshaj.

Hollow . Muaj qhov khoob (qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv) hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv no. Cov qauv no sib zog dua. Lawv kuj muaj qhov ua tau zoo tiv thaiv cua sov thiab rwb thaiv tsev zoo. Tab sis cov cib no nqus dej noo ntau rau hauv lawv cov qauv, ua kom nws ntev dua.

Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov kev cai sib txawv raug yuam rau qhov zoo ib yam thiab ntsib cov silicate cib - qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lawv cuam tshuam nrog qhov kev xaiv thib ob. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas cov ntu no muaj qhov tseeb qhov ntev, xim tsis sib xws thiab qib tsim nyog ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntev. Xws li cov cib yuav tsum muaj ob sab ntsej muag (zoo kawg nkaus) - rab diav thiab pob tw. Qee cov tuam ntxhab tsim cov khoom lag luam uas tsuas yog ib qho tshwj xeeb saum npoo yog tam sim no.

Lub ntsej muag ntawm hom cib tuaj yeem ua hollow lossis khov. Nws tuaj yeem sib txawv xim thiab yog, piv txwv li, daj lossis dub. Nws qhov kev ntxhib los mos kuj tseem tuaj yeem nthuav heev - nrog kev ua piv txwv ntawm kub, hnub nyoog pob zeb thiab lwm yam khoom zoo sib xws.

Cov cib zoo li qub yog siv rau kev tsim kho sab hauv phab ntsa hauv paus. Ntawm no, qhov xav tau yam tsawg kawg nkaus tau yuam rau cov khoom lag luam. Ib puag ncig puag thiab puag yuav tshwm sim. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov chips los yog tev tawm kuj tsis raug txwv. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis xws ntau dhau, thiab lawv yuav tsum tsis cuam tshuam rau lub zog / kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov khoom siv. Ib lub cib ntawm ib qho piv txwv me me kuj tseem muaj lub cev lossis hollow. Nws tsis yog tsim los ntawm xim lossis textured rau qhov laj thawj pom tseeb.

Kev siv tshuab ntau lawm

Kev tsim khoom siv thev naus laus zis zoo thiab ruaj khov cib dawb tau txiav txim siab yooj yim heev thiab suav nrog ntau theem tseem ceeb.

• Ua ntej, npaj thiab sib tov cov khoom siv tsim nyog - 9 feem ntawm cov xuab zeb quartz thiab 1 feem ntawm cov kua txiv qaub. Feem ntau, 2 txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb siv rau qhov no - txhab lossis nruas. Txoj hauv kev silage tau txiav txim siab kom ua tau zoo dua, tab sis nws yuav siv sijhawm ntau dua.
• Tom qab ntawd, cov peev txheej npaj tau raw cov ntaub ntawv raug xa mus rau cov pwm tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom nco ntsoov txog qib dej noo uas tau tso cai - nws yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 6%, yog li cov khoom hloov pauv mus ua ntom ntom thiab ruaj khov. Kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm theem no yuav tsum yog 150-200 kg / sq. cm.
• Tom ntej no, cov khoom npaj tau pauv mus rau autoclave. Tsis tas li, cov ntu no tau txais kev kho tshwj xeeb nrog cov dej kub, qhov kub uas yuav tsum tau txog 170-190 degrees Celsius. Raws li rau lub siab, nws yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 1.2 MPa. Txhawm rau kom thauj khoom thiab ua kom sov kom zoo, kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntsuas kub thiab qhov siab tau ua tiav qeeb heev. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem ua tiav feem ntau yuav siv sijhawm li 7 teev. Mus txog qhov tseem ceeb thiab txo qhov kub yuav siv sijhawm li 4 teev.

Daim ntawv thov

Xav txog txhua qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov pob zeb silicate nrov hnub no, nws tau siv hauv cov hauv qab no.

• Thaum txhim kho lub nra, nqa tus kheej lossis phab ntsa sab hauv hauv cov tsev nrog los ntawm 1 txog 10 plag tsev.
• Thaum npaj ntau yam kev tsim tawm sab nrauv. Tsuas yog kev zam tsuas yog cov qauv uas yuav muaj qib siab ntawm cov av noo. Yog li, rau kev tsim khoom da dej, piv txwv li, silicate cib tsis haum.
• Ntau lub laj kab tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb.
• Silicate cib tuaj yeem siv hauv kev tsim cov chaw tsim khoom loj.
• Raws li rau cov txheej txheem hauv av, cov xuab zeb-pob zeb cib tau siv ntawm no tsuas yog hauv qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb thiab tsuas yog nyob ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv dej. Txwv tsis pub, lub tsev yuav tsis nyob ntev nyob rau qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.

Ua ntej koj mus rau tom khw kom yuav cov khoom siv raw no, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tias nws tsis siv rau kev tsim cov qhov dej lossis cov hauv qab daus, nrog rau cov hauv paus. Tias yog vim li cas, ua ntej yuav khoom siv cib silicate, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab kom meej rau lub hom phiaj twg koj xav tau.

Qhov ntev (kho kom raug)

Cov cib ua tau zoo yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas tsis tau teev tseg hauv GOSTs. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim cov phiaj xwm kev tsim kho loj. Tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej twg yuav tsum tsis pub dhau ntawm cov khoom lag luam mus dhau qhov kev tso cai txwv - cov ntsiab lus no feem ntau tsis raug tso cai ua haujlwm.

Cov cib silicate tam sim no tau tsim nrog cov qauv hauv qab no (qauv):

zoo tib yam - ntau yam zoo sib xws yog 250 mm ntev, 120 mm dav thiab 65 mm tuab. (qhov hnyav ncaj qha ntawm cov khoom no nyob ntawm lawv cov qauv - tag nrho lub cev lossis hollow)

ib thiab ib nrab (tuab) - muaj qhov ntev thiab dav ib yam nkaus li saum toj no, tab sis lawv cov tuab nce mus txog 88 centimeters

ob npaug (pob zeb silicate) - qhov ntsuas qhov tuab ntawm hom cib no yog 138 hli

Yuav xaiv qhov yog?

Txhawm rau kev tsim kho cov cib silicate kom muaj zog thiab ntseeg tau ntau li ntau tau, tsis txhob puas rau ntev, txawm tias lub sijhawm xaiv cov khoom siv hauv tsev lawv tus kheej, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev. Cov kws tshaj lij qhia kom them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv qab no.

• Yog tias koj maj mam tsoo ib lub cib silicate nrog cov khoom hlau, tom qab ntawd lub suab yuav tsum zoo heev. Yog tias koj hnov lub suab nkees nkees, qhov no tuaj yeem qhia qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom kom qhuav.
• Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias kev khaws cia ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev yuav cuam tshuam rau nws qhov zoo thiab ua haujlwm ntev. Yog tias cov cib tau muab tso rau hauv qhov qhib, tom qab ntawd lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo yuav raug txo qis, yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav cov khoom lag luam zoo li no, txawm tias nws muaj tus nqi ntxias.

• Qhov ntim tau zoo, nrog rau kev xa cov cib, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo yuav cov khoom muag hauv cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov siab kom nyab xeeb. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias hauv cov thawv ntim khoom no, cov cib muaj ntau yam nyuaj los ua puas lossis puas tsuaj.
• Them sai sai rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov xuab zeb-txiv qaub cib. Lawv yuav tsum tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj loj lossis cov chips loj. Yog tias ib qho tau pom, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsis kam yuav thiab nrhiav cov khoom lag luam zoo dua. Txwv tsis pub, lub tsev los ntawm cov khoom siv raw no yuav tsis dhau los ua qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, txawm tias pheej yig.
• Thaum txiav txim siab yuav khoom, nco ntsoov xyuas seb koj npaj yuav yuav cov khoom dab tsi uas tau xa tuaj rau koj.

Kev ceev faj ntawm theem no yuav tsum tsis txhob pw, txwv tsis pub nws yuav ua rau muaj kev siv nyiaj ntxiv.

• Los ntawm nws tus kheej, cov khoom siv no pheej yig, yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob caum cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi qis. Cov khoom lag luam uas poob qis hauv tus nqi tej zaum yuav yog qhov tsis zoo. Lub tsev los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw yuav tsis nyob ntev, koj yuav tsum rov ua haujlwm, tab sis nrog cov cib tshiab, thiab qhov no yog pov tseg ntxiv.
• Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav cov khoom siv tsim nyog, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tsuas yog xaiv qhov ua tau zoo, ua tiav zoo - lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob qhia qhov tsis xws luag me me lossis puas tsuaj. Nws raug nquahu kom muab qhov nyiam ua rau cov qauv zoo nkauj. Ib qho ntxiv, cov khoom lag luam no yuav tsis tsuas yog muaj xim dawb xwb.
• Sim mus yuav cov ntaub ntawv tsim tsev no hauv cov khw muag khoom pov thawj uas paub hauv lub nroog koj nyob.