Fireclay: Siv Hluav Taws Kub Hnyiab. Nws Yog Dab Tsi Thiab Nws Siv Rau Dab Tsi? Sib Xyaw. Cov Av Nplaum Thiab Cov Nplaim Hluav Taws Rau Lub Qhov Cub, Lwm Yam Siv

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Hauv kev tsim cov cib nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nrog rau lub qhov cub, lub qhov cub lossis cov khoom siv dai kom zoo nkauj, hluav taws kub tau siv - av nplaum -tiv taus hluav taws. Fireclay muaj cov kaolin dawb, uas, thaum ua tiav hauv qhov kub thiab txias, tau txais qib siab tiv thaiv hluav taws. Tom qab dhau los ntawm kev ua kom tawv tawv ntawm qhov kub siab, fireclay muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov pob zeb zeb.

Cov zom chamotte hu ua "chamotte av nplaum ". Nws muaj qib siab ntawm cov yas, tiv taus kom sov siab, thiab tseem muaj qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, uas yog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov nplaim taws rauv.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Refractory chamotte av nplaum suav nrog cov dispersion hydroaluminosilicates siab. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau muab cais ua cov pob zeb ntuj thiab tau muab faib ua av nplaum ntawm hom dej hiav txwv thiab keeb kwm yav qab teb. Cov av nplaum hauv av tau khawb av hauv qab hiav txwv, thaum cov av txuas ntxiv pom muaj nyob hauv cov dej thiab pas dej . Nyob rau hauv Russia, chamotte av nplaum yog mined ntawm cov tso nyiaj, qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov uas yog Astafyevskoe, Kyshtymskoe thiab Palevskoe.

Hauv xim, pob zeb zoo li nyob ntawm nws cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov organic tsis huv. Cov av nplaum ntshiab muaj xim daj, tab sis ntau yam xim liab, xiav, thiab daj kuj muaj.

Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av nplaum chamotte refractory yog raws li hauv qab no:

• quartz xuab zeb ntsiab lus;
• poov tshuaj oxide;
• txhuas oxide;
• calcium oxide;
• magnesium oxide;
• sodium tshuaj dawb;
• hlau oxide.

Qhov kev thov thiab kev nyiam ntawm chamotte yog qhov siab heev, thiab qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg yog ntuj tsim thiab muaj qib siab tiv taus rau qhov kub thiab txias. Ib qho ntxiv, qhov sib xyaw chamotte tsis zoo li yuav ntsws thaum qhuav thiab yog li ntawd tsis tawg. Lub sijhawm qhuav ntawm av nplaum nyob ntawm qhov kub ib puag ncig; qhov nruab nrab, lub sijhawm no yog 10-12 hnub.

Kev tsis thiab cov khoom

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm chamotte av nplaum rau txhua lub chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv ntawm GOST 6137-8, uas txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom:

• cov xim ntawm cov chamotte qhuav sib tov yog grey, cov khoom yog dawb-ntws hauv cov qauv, tsis muaj cov pob thiab cov koom ua ke loj;
• qhov loj me me ntawm txoj kab uas hla - kwv yees li 2 hli;
• kub hnyiab heev chamotte muaj qhov nqus dej noo coefficient ntawm 2 txog 10%;
• qhov kub hnyiab chamotte muaj cov dej noo coefficient hauv 25%;
• tag nrho cov dej noo ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 5%;
• melting point ranges ntawm 1550 txog 1850 ° C.

Lub txee lub neej ntawm cov tshuaj chamotte qhuav tsis pub dhau 3 xyoos, thaum khaws cia rau hauv ntim qhuav thiab kaw nruj nreem. Fireclay av nplaum sib xyaw yog siv rau kev tso qhov cub, qhov cub, qhov chim chim.

Cib yog ua los ntawm av nplaum, lawv, zoo li tshuaj khib, muaj hluav taws tiv taus thiab cua sov ua kom sov nrog tib yam.

Annealed kaolin muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv qab no:

• qib siab ntawm kev tiv taus rau qhov kub thiab txias ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv cov khoom lag luam rau kev npaj qhov cub, qhov cub, thiab chim chim;
• av nplaum muaj peev xwm hla cov dej noo los ntawm nws tus kheej, yog li ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb microclimate hauv chav;
• thaum tso, av nplaum tau siv hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev daws teeb meem uas muaj cov nplaum zoo;
• ntuj tsim ntawm av nplaum yog cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb kiag rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig;
• kev pab lub neej ntawm av nplaum yog ntev, thiab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm cov khoom tsis tawg lossis tawg.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm chamotte av nplaum yog cov khoom no muaj tus nqi siab, thiab txhawm rau npaj cov kev daws teeb meem ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum paub qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab muaj qee yam txuj ci.

Lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm chamotte av nplaum yog nws cov khoom ua kom rov zoo, yas zoo, muaj peev xwm ua kom tawg thiab tua hluav taws

Yas - lo lus no rau cov dej noo chamotte muaj pes tsawg leeg txhais tau tias muaj peev xwm, nrog rau kev siv zog me me, txhawm rau hloov kho cov duab, thaum qhov sib xyaw tseem nyob hauv nws daim ntawv yas thiab tsis tawg. Hauv av nplaum, cov khoom yas tau tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob ntawm kev sib cuag nrog dej, thiab hauv qhov me me. Cov khoom yas yog nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov zaub mov suav nrog hauv cov qauv ntawm cov av nplaum, ntxiv rau qhov loj me me. Thaum rhaub kom 150 ° C, cov yas ntawm qhov sib tov yog thim rov qab. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias, tom qab qhov txheej txheem lub cev qhuav dej tas li, cov chamotte tau rhaub kom 500-600 ° C, tom qab ntawd kev thim rov qab ntawm cov yas yuav ploj. Yog tias nws yuav tsum tau txo qis yas, tom qab ntawd thiaj li hu ua softeners hauv daim ntawv ntawm quartz, chamotte xuab zeb tau ntxiv rau hauv av nplaum. Ib qho ntxiv, cov yas ntau dhau tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm kev ntxiv cov yas qis qis ntawm cov sib txawv sib txawv.

Muaj peev xwm ua tau - hauv chamotte av nplaum, nws muaj lub peev xwm los khi ua ke sib cais ua cov xuab zeb lossis chamotte, uas hauv lawv tus kheej tsis muaj yas. Thaum cov av nplaum ua kom qhuav, qhov tuab thiab ruaj khov hu ua "raw" tau txais. Los ntawm nws tus kheej, lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke cuam tshuam lub zog uas yuav tsum tau siv los cais cov av nplaum. Lub peev xwm sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov loj me thiab lamellar particle puab ntawm chamotte av nplaum sib xyaw. Qhov sib txuas zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov muaj nyob hauv cov hom chamotte av nplaum, uas muaj cov lej loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov av nplaum.

Huab cua ntsws - qhov ntsuas no tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm thawj cov khoom ua los ntawm cov yas sib tov thiab qhuav, nqes mus. Tus nqi no yog qhia raws li feem pua txheeb ze rau qhov loj me ntawm qhov ua haujlwm tsis tiav. Qhov kev hloov pauv hauv huab cua qhov ntsuas qis rau chamotte av nplaum tsis ntau dua 5-11%. Qhov feem pua siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev nqaim yog pom los ntawm cov av nplaum nrog qib siab ntawm cov yas, lawv kuj tseem hu ua "rog", thiab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm kev nqaim tau qhia los ntawm qhov hu ua tawv, qib yas tsawg ntawm av nplaum. Yog tias koj siv av nplaum chamotte nrog qib siab ntawm kev nqaim, tom qab ntawd thaum tua cov khoom yuav hloov nws qhov qub, uas yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam nrog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Txhawm rau hloov qhov xwm txheej, chamotte tau ntxiv rau cov av nplaum, thiab nws cov nyiaj nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av nplaum feem.

Hluav taws kub ntsws - qhia nws tus kheej los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv qhov ntau thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov ua haujlwm thawj hauv kev tua. Kev nqaim ntawm cov khoom tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov av nplaum sib xyaw, uas tau yooj yim yaj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tig mus rau hauv lub xeev ua kua. Cov khoom ua kua ua kom tiav npog tag nrho cov av nplaum uas tsis tuaj yeem yaj tau, thiab tseem txhaws tag nrho cov voids nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom no. Xws li kev nco qab ib nrab ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov av nplaum, ua ke nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov ntom ntom ntom ntawm cov kua, ua rau qhov kwv yees siab tshaj plaws ntawm txhua qhov sib xyaw ua ke rau ib leeg, thaum lub ntim ntawm cov haujlwm ua haujlwm qis, uas yog hu ua shrinkage ntawm hom hluav taws. Yog tias cov tshuaj chamotte muaj ntau qhov sib xyaw ntawm quartz hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ua haujlwm zoo, tom qab ntawd yuav tsis muaj qhov me me, lossis nthuav dav ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, txij li thaum ua kom sov, cov quartz yuav tsim ib yam tshiab ntawm siv lead ua lattice ntawm hais nrog kev nce hauv lawv ntim. Qhov hluav taws kub-hom shrinkage ntawm chamotte av nplaum, raws li txoj cai, tsis tshaj 3-6%. Kuj tseem muaj lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua kom qis qis, uas suav nrog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws thiab huab cua ntsws hauv tag nrho, qhov ntsuas no yog nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 6-18%.

Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov khoom lag luam raws li qhov ntsuas tshwj xeeb thiab qhov ntsuas tsis tau, thaum tsim khoom, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov feem pua ntawm kev nqaim thiab nce qhov kev txwv ntawm qhov khoob. Cov txheej txheem ntsws rau cov av nplaum av nplaum pib tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kub ntawm 600 ° C, nws yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua. Cov txheej txheem sib xws no tshwm sim kom txog thaum qhov kub tsis nce mus rau 1000 ° C. Tom qab qhov tseem ceeb no, kev nqaim yog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov kub ntawm 1300-1400 ° C, tom qab mus txog qhov cim no, kev nqaim nres.

• Sintering kub - qhov no yog qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov ntsuas kub, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim uas cov av nplaum sib tov poob nws lub peev xwm los nqus dej noo, uas yog, nws ncuav. Refractory chamotte muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab txhua yam khoom tsim los ntawm nws yog sintered tsis yaj thiab deformation, tsis poob qhov peev xwm rau refractoriness.
• Refractoriness - lub sijhawm no tau nkag siab tias yog cov khoom siv ntawm cov av nplaum sib xyaw kom tsis txhob yaj hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv 1580 ° C. Xws li kev tiv thaiv hluav taws hauv av nplaum tau ua tiav vim qhov feem pua me me ntawm cov khoom tsis huv nyob hauv nws. Hom av nplaum no yog siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam refractory, suav nrog cov iav hauv av lossis cov plooj (porcelain).

Vim nws qhov ua tau zoo dua qub, av nplaum feem ntau xav tau kev tso lub qhov cub. Ib qho ntxiv, cov cib hluav taws kub hnyiab tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv no, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tso tawm lub cub tawg los ntawm sab hauv, uas yog, rau kev tsim lub thawv hluav taws. Cov av nplaum zoo ib yam kuj tseem siv ua cov cib masonry, vim nws muaj lub peev xwm nplaum tau zoo rau saum npoo. Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv chamotte av nplaum hauv cov khoom lag luam rauv taws, nws kuj tseem siv rau txheej hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hluav taws kub hnyiab thiab cov tshuaj khib . Rau cov hom phiaj no, siv hom PHB lossis PHA.

Niaj hnub no, cov av nplaum hluav taws kub tau siv los tsim cov vuas luaj ntsej muag, cov vuas luaj rau qhov cub tawg, cov ntoo ntoo rau yaj cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig, cov khoom siv plooj (porcelain), thiab cov khoom lag luam.

Kev piav qhia ntawm hom

Refractory chamotte yog ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus uas cov kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem npaj rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Av nplaum tau muab faib ua lumpy thiab av nplaum. Cov pob ntau yam yog siv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm clinker, cov khoom siv ua kom muaj cua sov thiab tiv taus cua sov, thiab chamotte hmoov yog siv rau kev npaj ua haujlwm daws teeb meem siv rau txheej lossis pleev xim rau saum npoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, rammed thiab molded sib tov tau npaj los ntawm cov hmoov.

Kaolin av nplaum kuj tau faib raws li nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, nyob ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm chamotte xuab zeb. Rau kev npaj cov kev daws teeb meem siv:

• phau ntawv hom av nplaum nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm 55% xuab zeb;
• hom du, qhov twg cov xuab zeb tuaj yeem yog 20 txog 48%;
• depleted yam nrog cov ntsiab lus xuab zeb tsis ntau tshaj 21%.

Nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhuas oxides, cov chamotte muaj pes tsawg leeg tau muab faib ua cov hauv qab no:

• yooj yim heev - tsis ntau dua 40%;
• lub ntsiab - los ntawm 25 txog 37%;
• ib nrab qaub - tsis ntau tshaj 27%.

Ib qho ntxiv, chamotte av nplaum hmoov kuj tau muab faib ua cov qib. Muaj 4 qib nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm impurities thiab qib ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws:

• tshwj xeeb;
• Kuv qib;
• Qib II;
• Qib III.

Dab tsi yog chamotte siv rau?

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib xyaw qhuav, cov av nplaum av nplaum yog siv rau kev npaj ua haujlwm ua masonry lossis plaster mortars, thiab tseem muaj cov cib ua hluav taws xob ua los ntawm nws. Chamotte av nplaum yog cov khoom tsis tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej uas lub vaj xav tau lub tais hluav taws, lub qhov cub kom sov lub tsev, tandoor rau ua noj ua haus, crucible rau hlawv cov khoom.

Rauv masonry

Txhawm rau ua cov cua sov ua haujlwm, thaum tsim cov khoom tsim ua ntej thaum tso lub qhov cub, ci ci lossis qhov cub, tsis tsuas yog siv cov cib ua hluav taws kub nyhiab tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj yog cov sib xyaw ua ke uas tau los ntawm av nplaum. Rau kev ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum tau yuav cov av nplaum qhuav cim "Ш", uas txhais tau tias "hluav taws kub ".

Txij li cov cib ua hluav taws kub nyhiab yog kim, lawv feem ntau yog siv los ua cua sov sab hauv ntawm lub tshuab ua cua sov, thiab sab nrauv ntawm cov txheej txheem rauv yog sib dhos los ntawm cov av nplaum liab. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau txuas txhua yam ntawm cov masonry nrog ib leeg, cov cib yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws-resistant fireclay av nplaum, uas muaj qhov nthuav dav sib npaug sib npaug ntawm cov cib thaum ua kom sov.

Raws li txoj cai, qhov nruab nrab, rau tso 100-110 cib, koj yuav tsum tau npaj tsawg kawg 3 thoob ntawm cov tshuaj tua hluav taws.

Plaster

Ntxiv rau kev sib xyaw rau kev ua cov cib, cov khoom sib xyaw plaster kuj tau ua los ntawm chamotte rau kev ua tiav cov phab ntsa lossis ua cov nplaum rau ntsej muag nrog cov khoom tiav. Fireclay plaster yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau ntxiv kev ntseeg tau rau cov masonry thaum npaj cov qhov cub. Xws li kev sib xyaw yog siv los kho cov ntu ntawm lub cub tawg uas nkag mus rau lwm chav . Txoj hauv kev no txo cov cua sov ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab tsim kev thaiv rau cua sov. Lub thickness ntawm xws li plaster tiav yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1.2 cm.

Txhua hom kev ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj tua hluav taws tau ua tiav siv cov spatula . Yooj yim txheej txheem ntawm kev siv daim kab xev serpyanka. Tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem masonry lossis plastering, koj yuav tsum tau tos rau qhov kev daws teeb tsa thiab qhuav.

Lwm yam siv

Cov neeg tsim qauv niaj hnub no feem ntau siv cov av nplaum hluav taws tsis yog rau kev teeb tsa cov cua sov tiv taus, tab sis kuj tseem tsim cov khoom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Nws tuaj yeem yog cov vuas luaj, cov vuas luaj, cov lauj kaub paj, cov paj paj, cov tais, cov vuas, cov paj ntoo sab nraum zoov. Chamotte yog siv los ua cov duab puab, duab puab, khoom plig. Kev siv ntau yam ntawm chamotte av nplaum tau piav qhia los ntawm nws qhov kev ntxhib los mos, nrog rau nws lub zog siab thiab tiv thaiv hluav taws.

Fireclay yog cov khoom siv tau yooj yim thiab hloov pauv tau uas zoo siab ua haujlwm nrog . Cov khoom tsim los ntawm nws ib txwm saib thawj thiab tuaj yeem sib haum ua ke nrog txhua tus qauv tsim. Hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm chamotte, tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo ua rau tib neeg, yog li koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog nws tsis yog rau cov neeg laus nkaus xwb, tab sis rau menyuam yaus. Tom qab cov khoom tsim tawm, nws raug xa mus rau lub qhov cub rau kev tua, thaum lub sijhawm tag nrho cov duab geometric tsis hloov pauv rau cov khoom.

Yuav ua li cas ua haujlwm nrog chamotte av nplaum?

Txhawm rau siv chamotte av nplaum hmoov, koj yuav tsum tau npaj cov tshuaj ua haujlwm. Nws cov cuab yeej zoo yog qhov sib tov tsis tawg thaum nws qhuav. Piv txwv li, txhawm rau ua cov tshuaj plaster, koj yuav tsum ua raws li hauv qab no.

• Lawv siv chamotte xuab zeb, Portland MAAs thiab cov xuab zeb zoo tib yam los ntawm cov chaw txua txiag zeb hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 7: 1: 2. Txhawm rau txhawm rau nce lub zog ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua tiav, ntsev tuaj yeem ntxiv rau sib tov ntawm tus nqi ntawm 100 g ib 8 liv ntawm kev daws teeb meem
• Cov xoob xoob yuav tsum maj mam diluted nrog dej, thaum nplawm kom tag nrho cov khoom sib faib sib npaug ntawm lawv tus kheej. Dej tau ntxiv rau hauv qhov me me kom qhov sib xws ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem tswj tau. Qhov sib xws ntawm tuab qaub cream yog suav tias yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm.
• Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm plastering, saum npoo tau raug ntxuav, thiab tom qab ntawd npog nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov tshuaj pleev xim rau, uas tau tsim cov ntxaij tsim. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm txheej txheej no, lwm txheej txheej daws tau thov. Qhov saum npoo yog qib thiab tso cai ua kom tawv.

Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias tsuas yog cov nplaim hluav taws tsis tuaj yeem siv los ua cua sov lossis ua kom tiav, vim tias cov tshuaj plaster ua haujlwm yuav muaj cov yas tsis zoo. Kaolin lossis av nplaum yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau qhov sib xyaw. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab av nplaum yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 2: 1 lossis 4: 1.

Txhawm rau tsim qhov sib xyaw tiv taus hluav taws, cov dej ib txwm los yog cov xuab zeb txua zeb tsis tuaj yeem siv tau, txij li nyob rau hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub siab nws zoo li nthuav dav, thiab cov masonry lossis plaster txheej hauv qhov no yuav pib tawg thiab tawg. Qhov ntxiv ntawm Portland cement rau chamotte sib xyaw ua kom lub zog sib xyaw ntxiv, tab sis vim yog cov khoom ntxiv no, nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau txo qis - cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem tiv taus cua sov txog li 800 ° C . Qee lub sij hawm fiberglass tau ntxiv rau chamotte av nplaum, cov kauj ruam no tseem ua rau lub zog ntawm cov masonry nce ntxiv.