DIY Subwoofer: Kos Duab Thiab Daim Duab Ntawm Lub Tsev Subwoofer Hauv Tsev Rau Tsev. Yuav Ua Li Cas Ua Kom Lub Tsev Subwoofer Nquag Los Ntawm Cov Neeg Hais Lus Ib Txwm?

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41

Cov neeg hais lus hauv tsev yog lub qhov rooj nkag mus rau lub zog tsis muaj zog. Koj tuaj yeem tsim tsawg kawg ob peb watts ntawm tus hais lus HF, lossis subwoofer rau ntau pua watts, xyaum ua tiav cov cuab yeej uas tau siv hauv kev seev cev hauv tsev thiab hauv pab pawg disco. Qhov ua tau yog txwv tsuas yog tus nqi siab ntawm tus hais lus loj tshaj plaws.

Nta cov qauv hauv tsev

Yog tias koj xav kom koj cov neeg nyob ze khib koj tsuas yog vim tias koj muaj lub zog zoo ib nrab- lossis kev tshaj lij tshaj lij, tom qab ntawd nws ua rau muaj kev nkag siab los nruab koj lub suab tso suab tseem ceeb nrog lub subwoofer muaj zog, uas ntau dua li kaum npaug. Lub peculiarity ntawm qis zaus yog tias, tsis zoo li qhov nruab nrab thiab qib siab, lawv tsis raug lub suab tso suab . Qhov no txhais tau tias nws tsis muaj kev nkag siab los tsim ob tus neeg hais lus puv ntoob, uas cov woofers tau cais.

Qhov tseem ceeb yog xaiv tus hais lus thiab lub zog loj microcircuits, nrog rau lub zog hloov pauv hluav taws xob rau 100 lossis ntau dua watt-teev ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob.

Tus so ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kev sib piv nrog lawv raug nqi ib npib. Kev them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau qhov ua tau zoo, tus neeg siv yuav ua ke sib tham nrog lawv tus kheej tes uas tau ua haujlwm rau ntau xyoo tsis muaj teeb meem. Yeej, tsuas yog cov xov tooj cua semiconductor (diodes, transistors, microcircuits) yog cov laus.

Yuav luag tsis muaj kev xav hauv kev tsim qauv yuav tso cai rau koj los ua ib kab - lub voos xwmfab, "parallelepiped", lwm yam polyhedron . Cov kab puag ncig - cylindrical, ovoid, kuj tseem nrov heev. Ntawm cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb - piv txwv li, "qe" tuaj yeem muaj plaub theem inverters, uas tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov kev daws teeb meem.

Cov cuab yeej thiab khoom siv

Cov cuab yeej hauv qab no yuav xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm:

• xyaum nrog ib txheej ntawm kev xyaum;
• grinder nrog ntoo txiav disc;
• jigsaw nrog cov hniav zoo;
• ntswj ntsia hlau nrog lub tiaj thiab cov khoom me me.

Lub cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tso cai rau koj los daws qhov haujlwm ob peb zaug sai dua li txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawm cov cuab yeej . Tab sis cov cuab yeej ntsuas phoo kuj tseem xav tau: rauj, pliers, sab txiav, tejzaum nws tuaj yeem kho lub ciaj ntswj, txiav, ntawv (lossis txis). Koj tseem yuav xav tau cov hlau txuas nrog sawv ntsug.

Cov khoom siv sab:

• chipboard, fiberboard lossis plywood board;
• tus kheej tapping screws;
• ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab ceev nrog engraving washers;
• cov kua nplaum thoob ntiaj teb rau gluing ntoo, roj hmab thiab yas (lossis cov rooj tog zaum - lawv nyiam dua thaum rhuav tshem ib kem thaum ua tsis tiav);
• nplaum nplaum;
• solder, rosin thiab soldering flux.

Yog tias koj teeb tsa lub rooj tsav xwm lub tshuab hluav taws xob koj tus kheej, koj tseem yuav xav tau cov ntawv ci-clad fiberglass.

Lwm txoj hauv kev yog kev sib dhos ntawm txhua lub phaj dielectric (tshwj tsis yog roj hmab), qhov twg cov kab ntawm cov laug cam tau xau los ntawm xaim, thiab tsis txiav / txuas mus rau txheej txheej (iav) ntawm PCB.

Cov xov tooj cua tau yuav raws li qhov Circuit Court amplifier . Ntxiv nrog rau lub microcircuit tseem ceeb, cov ntawv txuas xav tau - cov neeg tiv thaiv, lub tshuab hluav taws xob, diodes, tej zaum coils thiab txhuam. Kev siv hluav taws xob super -power ntxiv tau siv ua ntu kawg - thaum lub zog ntawm lub microcircuit tseem ceeb tsis txaus, thiab txuas cov theem kawg tuaj yeem pab tus neeg siv ua tiav yuav luag tsis muaj zog.

Rau cov cua hauv tsev coils ntawm oscillatory circuits ntawm lub tshuab lim dej, yog tias cov kem feem ntau , thiab tsis yog rau qhov tsawg zaus, koj yuav xav tau cov xaim hluav taws xob, kua nplaum epoxy thiab ib daim yas yas ntawm txoj kab uas hla raug.

Kev tsim khoom qhia

Kev tsim cov kem yog txheej txheem ntau theem, faib ua cov xauv thiab ua haujlwm hluav taws xob. Tus hais lus rau tsev (lossis theej, rau PC lossis ua yeeb yam hauv tsev) tau ua raws li daim duab xaiv ua ntej. Xaiv qhov kev xaiv ntawm subwoofer - mini lossis tsis tu ncua, qhov loj ntawm lub thawv ua thaum pib ua haujlwm nyob ntawm qhov no.

Sib dhos rooj plaub

Txhawm rau sau cov chassis, ua raws cov theem no

1. Pom daim txiag ntoo, ntoo ntoo lossis MDF lub rooj tsavxwm raws li cov duab kos rau hauv nws cov ntsiab lus.
2. Npaj ib lub qhov rau lub kab hlau ciav hlau tshawb nrhiav.
3. Kaw ntawm cov ces kaum lossis lo rau sab saum toj, hauv qab, nraub qaum thiab sab ntug nrog cov kua nplaum epoxy. Qhov tshwm sim yog lub thawv tsis tiav ua ke nrog kev nruj txaus.

Lub thawv kem tau sib sau ua ke.

Chaw nres nkoj

Txhawm rau tsim thiab teeb tsa qhov chaw nres nkoj, ua cov hauv qab no:

1. txiav tawm cov khoom tsim nyog los ntawm lub thawv uas haum rau qhov ntev ntawm kab ntawv;
2. txuas lub luj tshib ntawm lub npov ntawm qhov taw tes ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob;
3. khij qhov chaw nres nkoj (kab ntawv sau kab ntawv) haum rau sab hauv ntawm lub thawv;
4. lo nws nrog kua nplaum kub los yog cov nplaum.

Thaum cov kua nplaum qhuav, xyuas tias qhov chaw nres nkoj tsis xoob los ntawm lub thawv. Kev kho tsis txaus ntawm nws tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tseeb tias nws nkag mus rau hauv resonance ntawm qee qhov zaus.

Hais lus qhov

Tus neeg hais lus xav tau qhov loj, nyiam dua qhov zoo ib puag ncig rau nws sab nraud. Txiav nws tawm kom tus neeg hais lus yuav haum rau nws dawb. Feem ntau lub zog qis "woofers" (txog 30 watts) haum hauv 8 ntiv tes ntawm qhov taub . Yog tias lub subwoofer tau sib sau ua lub hauv paus ntawm cov duab plaub lossis lub ntsej muag hais lus, tom qab ntawd hloov lub phab ntsa pem hauv ntej. Tsis muaj qhov ntxiv los ntawm tus hais lus ntxiv tsis xav tau.

Ua cov txheej txheem sab hauv

Tom qab teeb tsa lub labyrinth channel, uas tso cai rau tus neeg hais lus los tsim cov ntses bass thaj tsam ntau tshaj plaws thiab tib lub sijhawm tsis "mumble" ntawm qhov qis zaus, sab hauv ntawm tus hais lus tau npog nrog cov khoom ntub. Nws txo qhov yuav ua rau muaj resonance tshwm sim nyob rau lub sijhawm . Raws li lub damper, feem ntau yog siv cov ntaub tuab, ntaub qhwv hauv ob peb txheej, ntaub ntaub plaub lossis tsuas yog ib daim ntaub qub qub xwb. Nws nqus ntau tshaj ntawm cov suab nthwv dej, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ob peb zaug, uas thaum kawg yuav ua rau xoob ntawm cov qauv thiab cov tsos ntawm resonance.

Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib dhos sab hauv yog kev teeb tsa, tso khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo. Ua ntej, lub tshuab raj tau npaj. Thov ua cov hauv qab no.

1. Ua ib daim ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board raws li nws cov topology (taug qab daim duab qhia chaw).
2. Muab cov xov tooj cua tso tawm raws li daim duab thaiv (daim duab sib dhos).
3. Muab tag nrho cov pins ntawm ob txhais ceg ntawm cov ntu nrog cov kab ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board.
4. Cov kab hluav taws xob txuas rau cov tswv yim, tso tawm thiab muab lub zog siv hluav taws xob sib dhos ua ke.
5. Txuas lub dab dej kub ntawm lub tshuab raj mus rau lub ntsiab lus nti thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw ruaj ntseg ntawm tus hais lus, piv txwv li siv cov ntsia hlau. Nws kuj tseem tso cai tso nws rau ntawm cov ntoo ntoo - nws yuav tsis ua kom sov txaus kom teeb ntoo rau hluav taws.
6. Yog tias lub hwj chim ntawm tus neeg hais lus nce mus txog ntau pua watts, sib sau ua ke cov theem siab ntxiv. Lawv tus lej tsuas yog txwv los ntawm qhov chaw pub dawb hauv kab.

Piv txwv li, 8 theem ntawm 100 watts txhua, ua kom nrov los ntawm 25-watt suab los ntawm cov zis ntawm microcircuit, txuas nrog hauv tus choj txuas, muaj peev xwm muab 800 watts.

Tab sis kom txias tag nrho cov rhaub dej kub, koj xav tau lub khoos phis tawj muaj zog txias, huab cua ntws uas tau qhia rau cov cua sov no. Txhua lub transistor yuav xav tau nws tus kheej lub dab dej sov. Hauv cov hnub qub, cov xov tooj cua tau siv - tam sim no lawv tau muab los ntawm transistors thiab microcircuits . Ib qho ntxiv, qib ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kab nyob hauv cov raj theem cov theem ua haujlwm tsis suav nrog.

Lub zog ntawm tus neeg sau sau tau tawg tawm los ntawm transistor (nws lub zog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo) tsuas yog 1.5-2 npaug ntau dua li lub zog cua sov tso tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas thaum ua kom sov thaum ua haujlwm hnyav. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov cua sov ntau dhau los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xav tau lub tshuab hluav taws xob.

Khoom noj

Hauv tus neeg hais lus muaj zog, uas yog subwoofer, lub zog sab hauv kuj tseem yuav xav tau. Nws yuav tsum tsim kaum tawm amperes thiab muaj zog txaus - tsis muaj lub zog zoo li no, nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom dhau lub kaw lus hais lus . Txhawm rau tawm tib qho euphony thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm "ntses bass thaj tsam", feem ntau ob qho tib si lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lub zog muab tso rau hauv ib chav cais, kaw nruj nreem tawm ntawm lub xov tooj cua loj. Qhov no yuav xav tau phab ntsa thib xya ntawm lub npov, uas ua haujlwm raws li kev faib sab hauv. Nws raug txiav tawm, suav nrog qhov labyrinthine hla uas hla nws. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nyob tom qab ntawm lub thawv. Yog tias kab ntawv tsis ua haujlwm, lub tshuab ua kom nrov nrov thiab lub zog muab tawm hauv ib chav cais. Tsuas yog lub xaim hluav taws xob tsim nyog rau kem nws tus kheej.

Raws li lub zog siv, lub roj teeb rau tsheb feem ntau siv. Nws muab tawm tsis pub ntau tshaj 15 V, thaum tam sim no tuaj yeem ncav cuag kaum amperes. Nws tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem niaj hnub ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob, uas suav nrog:

1. network rectifier - tus muaj hwj chim 220 V diode choj;
2. tus hloov pauv zaus los ntawm chav rau kaum tawm kilohertz - nws tso cai rau koj kom txo qhov loj me ntawm cov hloov pauv los ntawm kaum tawm zaug;
3. transformer - galvanically cais cov zis ib feem los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, tiv thaiv hluav taws xob poob siab thiab tawg hluav taws xob ntau;
4. high-zaus rectifier choj raws li niaj hnub diodes nrog kev ua haujlwm siab;
5. lim - ncua kev nce tam sim no;
6. mem tes stabilizer - tshem tawm qhov hluav taws xob nce.

Cov phiaj xwm no tag nrho, muaj cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog, tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke thiab hauv koj tus kheej. Tab sis ntau zaus lawv tso chav ua haujlwm npaj ua hauv lossis sab nraud (hauv tib rooj plaub nrog lub tshuab ua kom nrov). Thaum tso tag nrho cov haujlwm tsim nyog ntawm cov kab hauv kab, peb ua cov hauv qab no:

1. peb tso saib lub zog thiab suab kab;
2. peb txuas tus neeg hais lus rau lub tshuab tso zis;
3. muab lub hauv ntej (nrog tus hais lus) tso thiab kho nws.

Ua ntej ua haujlwm ntawm tus tsim thiab ergonomics ntawm tus hais lus, sim nws:

1. txuas ib lub suab qhov twg los (piv txwv li, lub xov tooj smartphone) rau lub tshuab tso tawm suab;
2. qhib lub hwj chim;
3. kuj txuas cov neeg hais lus siab ("satellites") mus rau lub tshuab tso zis;
4. ua si qee cov nkauj hauv koj lub gadget.

Lub suab yuav tsum meej, yam tsis muaj hawb pob. Lub subwoofer yuav tsum rov tsim dua cov ntses bass thaj tsam kom meej.

Feem ntau cov subwoofers tau tsom mus rau qis qis los ntawm kaum tawm mus rau ntau pua hertz, tus so yog rov tsim dua siv cov neeg hais lus siab. Qhov no tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau los ntawm kev xiam ib ntus cov "satellite" no thaum ua haujlwm. Yog tias qhov kev xeem tau ua tiav (tsis muaj rattling, hawb pob lossis lwm yam suab nrov hauv lub suab tau kuaj pom), ua qhov kev ntsuas suab nrov ntawm chav lossis tsheb.

1. Muab lub subwoofer tso rau qhov chaw hauv pem teb ntawm chav. Hauv tsheb, qhov no feem ntau yog lub cev lossis qhov chaw nyob hauv qab lub rooj zaum tom qab.
2. Taug kev ib ncig ntawm chav (lossis ze lub tsheb, hloov lub rooj zaum hauv tsheb), mloog lub suab nrov ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam. Yog tias lub suab ua suab nrov, txav lub subwoofer mus rau lwm qhov chaw.
3. Sim rov teeb tsa qhov sib npaug (yog tias koj yog tus tshuab raj, tom qab ntawd yog tus piv txwv) ntawm lub tshuab raj lossis lub cuab yeej nws tus kheej. Ua kom pom qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom tus neeg hais lus tsis nkag mus rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov ntsuas qis me ntsis (100-250 Hz).

Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov ntses bass thaj tsam uas tsis meej, qhov laj thawj yog raws li hauv qab no:

• kev suav tsis raug ntawm lub npov thiab cov channel;
• tus hais lus tsis tau raws li cov yam ntxwv tshaj tawm;
• qhov khoob ntawm phab ntsa ntawm kab ntawv tsis raug kaw;
• plywood nyias dhau los ntawm cov phab ntsa raug txiav.

Rau cov neeg hais lus muaj hwj chim loj, koj tsis tuaj yeem siv lub rooj tsavxwm lossis phaj tsawg dua 15 mm tuab - qhov nruj ntawm phab ntsa hauv qhov no tsis txaus rau lub suab nthwv dej.

Kho kom zoo nkauj

Kev tsim sab nrauv ntawm kab ntawv tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv txhua txoj kev, txawm tias qhov txawv tshaj plaws. Kev xaiv ua tiav:

• sheathing kem nrog teeb meem;
• kev ua ntawm chipboard cov laug cam nrog putty, pleev xim;
• kev teeb tsa yas-phab ntsa yas, hlau lossis vaj huam sib luag ua ke;
• gluing cov yas yas zoo lossis cov ntawv ci zoo nkauj.

Pem hauv ntej, qhov uas tus neeg hais lus nyob, tau npog nrog cov nplais zoo. Qhov tom kawg yuav tiv thaiv lub tshuab raj cua tshuab los ntawm kev sib tsoo yuam kev. Hauv qee tus neeg hais lus, ntau yam kev xav txog ntses bass thaj tsam tso cai rau koj zais tag nrho tus neeg hais lus sab hauv.

Kev pom zoo

Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm nrog lub zog siv hluav taws xob ntau pua watts tuaj yeem ncav cuag 40 volts. Lub suab yog qhov hloov pauv sai sai nrog qhov sib txawv sib txawv. Koj yuav tau txais hluav taws xob poob qis ntawm qhov muaj hluav taws xob ntau zaus . Tsis txhob tuav cov liab qab (ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txuas) cov xov tooj ntawm tus hais lus ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog tag nrho nrog koj txhais tes. Muaj qee kis thaum tib neeg xav tsis thoob los ntawm 25 V nrog zaus, piv txwv li, 8 kilohertz.

Ib tus neeg hais lus rau chav hais kwv txhiaj nce mus txog lub zog ntawm ib kilowatt lossis ntau dua. Nws nyuaj heev kom tau txais tus neeg hais lus - nws tuaj yeem raug nqi kaum tawm lossis ntau pua txhiab txhiab rubles.

Tus neeg hais lus uas tuaj yeem hnov peb kilometers deb tseem yuav xav tau cov kab hluav taws xob muaj zog . Cov neeg tseem ceeb discos hauv Moscow thiab St. Petersburg siv subwoofers nrog lub zog txog 500 kW. Cov suab zoo li no qee zaum xav tau cais chaw sib cais thiab kab hluav taws xob, tsim los rau kev thauj khoom siab heev. Cov neeg hais lus thiab hais lus hauv daim ntawv ua tiav raug nqi ntau dua ib lab rubles. Tus neeg hais lus ib leeg yuav raug nqi ntau pua txhiab rubles. Tsis txhob caum kilowatts. Qhov zoo "tsheb suab" txwv rau ib lossis ob puas watts. Qhov tseem ceeb yog los kho qhov sib npaug thiab xam cov suab nrov, thiab 10-50 W txaus rau txhua lub tso suab tso tawm.

Thaum tsim lub subwoofer uas muaj zog rau koj tus kheej, nco ntsoov tias tus hais lus tsis tso tawm suab nrov qis (txog 20 Hz) . Tsis txhob sim kom lawv! Lub suab tsis tu ncua ntawm 20-20,000 Hz ua rau koj lub cev muaj zog thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij me ntsis. Tab sis lub suab nthwv dej nrog zaus ntawm 6-8 Hz nrog lub zog zoo sib xws thiab cov neeg hais lus tuaj yeem ua rau tawg ntawm lub cev nruab nrog cev, vim tias lawv nkag mus rau hauv resonance. Cov nthwv dej nrog zaus ntawm 16-18 Hz ua rau muaj kev xav tsis meej - qhov no yog cov nyhuv uas tau siv hauv disco clubs.

Cov tub ntxhais hluas uas tuaj kom muaj lub sijhawm zoo nyob ntawm lub disco, qhov uas lub suab nrov muaj cov suab qis heev thiab ua haujlwm raws li lub suab tshuaj, poob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm kev hloov pauv kev nco txawm tias tsis siv cawv thiab luam yeeb. Cov tuam txhab tsim khoom niaj hnub no tsis tso cai hais lus, transistors thiab microcircuits kom tso tawm infrasound . Qhov tseeb yog tias nws siv tsuas yog siv rau kev sim kuaj sim thiab tsis yog npaj rau kev siv hauv tsev. Rau cov neeg pej xeem lub hom phiaj, txoj cai infrasound raug txwv los ntawm txoj cai.

Siv cov kem kom deb ntawm te, cov av noo thiab cov pa tsw qab. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob ntxov ua ntej.

Lub subwoofer tsis tuaj yeem siv hauv lub tshav pob, txawb tau kiag li . Yog tias koj xav tau lub suab zoo li hauv lub tsheb, nrog cov lus piav qhia zoo ntawm 20-80 Hz thaum taug kev lossis taug kev, siv lub mloog pob ntseg zoo mloog uas ua rau npog koj lub pob ntseg. Lawv ua haujlwm nrog txhua zaus los ntawm 20 Hz txog 20,000 Hz. Lub suab tsim nyog tsim nyog tau teeb tsa hauv software software media player ntawm lub xov tooj smartphone, ntsiav tshuaj lossis ultrabook.

Lub khoos phis tawj yuav tsis muab kaum tawm watts ntawm lub zog - nws cov preamplifier tau tsim rau tsuas yog 1-2 watts. Tsis txhob txuas lub subwoofer ncaj qha rau qhov tso tawm ntawm daim npav suab: tus hais lus cuam tshuam ntawm 8 ohms lossis tsawg dua yuav hlawv tawm cov theem kawg ntawm txoj kev suab.

Lub hwj chim ua tus kheej-ua subwoofer txuag 10 zaug lossis ntau dua ntawm tus nqi ntawm tus hais lus . Nrog cov txuj ci hauv kev sib dhos thiab kav dej ua haujlwm, koj yuav txuag tau 10 lossis ntau txhiab rubles los ntawm koj cov peev nyiaj.