Dej-raws Thiab Xim Acrylic: Qhov Sib Txawv Yog Dab Tsi, Qhov Twg Yog Qhov Zoo Dua Los Xaiv, Qhov Sib Txawv, Qhov Sib Txawv Ntawm Kev Sib Xyaw

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Cov xim pleev xim dej tau suav nrog ntev hauv peb lub neej. Lawv qhov ntau yam tshiab kawg - cov ntaub ntawv pleev xim rau acrylic - yog nrov heev vim nws cov khoom txhim kho. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke txiav txim siab qhov dav ntawm kev thov hom dej-cov khoom tawg yooj yim.

Dab neeg keeb kwm

German kws tshuaj Fritz Klatte tau tsim cov kua nplaum PVA xyoo 1912. Nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, 3 hom kev sib faib rau cov xim pleev xim dej tau pom ua ntu zus: PVA kev sib faib - thawj lub hauv paus, hluavtaws roj hmab - thib ob lub hauv paus tawg, thiab qhov kawg tawg raws li kev tsim - acrylic.

Nco tseg: homogeneous cov khoom uas ua los ntawm cov kua uas tsis pib sib cuam tshuam yog hu ua kev sib cais. Hauv cov xim emulsion tshwm sim, muaj cov kuab tshuaj (ntawm no - dej) thiab xim ib feem nrog cov tshuaj sib txawv. Vim qhov tseeb tias 2 ntu ntawm kev sib faib tsis sib cuam tshuam, lawv tsis tuaj yeem sib xyaw mus ib txhis - thaum kawg lawv yuav tawg mus rau hauv txheej txheej qub.

Vim li no, txhua yam khoom pleev xim xav kom sib tov sib xyaw.

Xyoo 1950, ob tus neeg Asmeskas ua yeeb yam tau tso thawj cov xim acrylic uas tseem tsis tuaj yeem yaj hauv dej, tab sis yaj, piv txwv li, nrog turpentine. Lawv tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev nqaim nqaim - kos duab.

Ib xyoo caum dhau los, thiab xyoo 1960, ib ntawm ob tus kws kos duab no, Leonard Bocku, tau tsim cov xim pleev xim acrylic tag.

Me ntsis tsawg dua 30 xyoo dhau los, cov xim pleev xim acrylic tau coj los rau Russia, uas tsis tau tsim tawm hauv peb lub tebchaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Tam sim no lawv cov khoom raug tsim los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm peb lub tebchaws, thiab peb tab tom tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo heev.

Ntau yam

Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom siv dej-dispersion, lawv hom sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev sib faib.

Cov xim emulsion pheej yig tshaj - raws li PVA , vim tias lawv yaj hauv dej, tsis ruaj rau nws. Tab sis lawv khaws lawv cov xim thiab tiv taus UV.

Lawv tsuas tuaj yeem siv hauv chav qhuav hauv tsev (chav dej thiab chav ua noj tsis suav nrog) thiab ntawm qhov chaw uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau ntxhua ntxhua kom huv.

Hom tom ntej - butadiene -styrene zoo dua … Cov xim ntawm hom no kuj tseem siv tau rau sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj, lawv tiv taus hnav ntau dua, tab sis tsis tiv tshav ntuj. Lawv tsis tiv taus te.

Qhov kawg thiab hom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov xim dej -dispersion - acrylic … Nws yog rau cov tsiaj kim tshaj plaws vim nws txoj kev sib xyaw thiab txhim kho kom zoo. Nws yog qhov ua tau zoo thoob ntiaj teb thiab tau npaj rau txhua qhov chaw sab hauv thiab sab nrauv uas nws tsim cov zaj duab xis uas tsis haum, txhuam-resistant. Cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish no tsis muaj dej txaus, muaj qhov kub thiab tiv taus UV.

Sib xyaw

Cov kuab tshuaj hauv cov dej-dispersion xim yog demineralized dej huv los ntawm cov ntxhia ntsev

Cov copolymers tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm cov xim pleev xim thaj tsam li 1/2 ntawm tag nrho cov pawg. Cov no yuav yog:

• polyvinyl acetate hmoov , nws cov emulsion hauv dej yog cov paub zoo PVA kua nplaum;
• styrene-butadiene - lossis cov roj hmab hluavtaws, tiv taus dej, tsis zoo li thawj qhov kev xaiv, tabsis tsis ruaj rau UV hluav taws xob;
• styrene acrylate hmoov , nws qhov me tshaj plaws muab cov nplaum zoo, pleev xim nrog cov polymer no muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo dua li cov xim nrog thawj 2 polymers;

• acrylate , tsim cov nplaum zoo heev rau saum npoo, muab kev tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm tshav ntuj, pleev xim raws nws yog ib qho ntawm cov kim tshaj plaws - lawv tau siv dav hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nraum zoov;
• versatat , zaj duab xis tshiab-qub (aka copolymer) uas tsis ntev los no tau pib siv los ua cov xim pleev xim dej, cov xim uas muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo, tab sis pheej yig dua li pleev xim rau acrylate, yog sib piv hauv tus nqi nrog styrene-acrylate.

Qhov no yog ua raws los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj ntxiv, uas tseem yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov xim, qhov nthuav dav ntawm nws daim ntawv thov:

• cov xim lawv tus kheej yog lub hauv paus xim;
• cov tuab tuab (feem ntau yog - CMC kua nplaum, lossis carboxymethyl cellulose) thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv;
• yas yas;
• tshuaj tua kab mob;
• tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kom khov;
• cov neeg sawv cev uas txo cov npuas thiab cov uas txhim kho viscosity ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg;
• anti-corrosion additives;
• dispersants, lub luag hauj lwm uas nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog nyuaj rau overestimate - lawv yog lub luag haujlwm los tiv thaiv kev sib cais ntawm cov xim tha xim rau hauv cov khoom, hauv lwm lo lus, tsis txhob tso cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.

Kev pleev xim dej dawb uas pheej yig tshaj yog ua los ntawm cov chalk, muaj qhov tsim nyog tsim nyog thiab lub hom phiaj. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov xim dawb yog zinc oxide thiab titanium dioxide. Muaj ntau cov zaub mov tuaj yeem ua cov fillers ib zaug: talc, mica, calcite.

Kev qhia tshwj xeeb

Nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov xim muaj qee yam yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Qhov no txhais tau tias yuav tsum muaj rau:

• ziab kom qhuav ntawm 1 txheej;
• zais lub zog - yog lub luag haujlwm rau xim xim;
• hom ntawm cov nplaim tsim - nws tsis sib xws;
• pH theem - nruab nrab, qis -alkaline;
• qib ntawm kev tiv thaiv rau UV rays;
• hnav tsis kam;
• muaj peev xwm siv tau ntawm qhov kub tsawg.

LK cov khoom siv rau kev ua tiav tiav raug xaiv los ua tus yam ntxwv no. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev xaiv raug, nws yuav ua tiav raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm kev siv, yuav nyob ntev, qhia nws qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.

Khoom

Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv dej-faib tawm yog nyob ntawm kev faib cov copolymer, los ntawm ib qho ntawm 5 teev nyob rau hauv kab lus "Muaj pes tsawg leeg":

1. polyvinyl acetate;
2. styrene butadiene;
3. styrene acrylate;
4. acrylate;
5. sib txawv.

Cia peb txiav txim siab tig cov khoom ntawm cov xim pleev xim dej uas muaj ib qho ntawm cov hauv paus:

• daj, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv dej, vim li no, qhov nqaim nqaim - tsuas yog hauv cov chav uas muaj cov av noo ib txwm, nyob ntawm qhov chaw uas tsis xav tau kev ntub dej, tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm nyuaj;
• dej tsis kam zoo, tab sis raug rau UV tawg, daim ntawv thov dav me ntsis, tab sis tseem txwv rau sab hauv tsev;

• porosity ntawm txheej, uas ua rau vapor permeability, tiv taus kom fading hauv lub teeb, nruj adhesion rau ntau qhov chaw - siab adhesion, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim ntawv thov dav, ntawm sab hauv thiab qee qhov sab nrauv;
• qhov siab tshaj plaws tiv taus lub teeb, txhua qhov zoo tau raug txhim kho thiab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nquag siv hom acrylic xim dej -dispersion xim hauv qhov tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm ib puag ncig ntuj - sab nraum zoov, uas yog, sab nrauv kho kom zoo nkauj (facades ua los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv - ntoo, plaster);
• cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws piv rau txhua qhov zoo ntawm cov xim pleev xim acrylic.

Cov xim pleev xim acrylic raws cov roj hmab hluavtaws - styrene -butadiene, nrog cov tshuaj silicone ntxiv, muaj tus lej zoo:

• tsis kam rau dej - tsim qhov ntxhua ntxhua khaub ncaws, siv tau hauv chav nrog cov av noo siab;
• elasticity - yuav tsis tawg;
• nplaum;
• vapor permeability, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov tshuaj ua ntej ua ntej tiv thaiv cov kab mob;
• hnav tsis kam - rau cov chav uas muaj lub nra hnyav;
• ntau yam ntawm cov teebmeem zoo nkauj;
• incombustibility.

Zoo li txhua qhov xim pleev xim hauv dej, nws yog ib puag ncig zoo, vim nws tsis muaj cov kuab tshuaj organic, nws qhuav sai thiab tsis muaj ntxhiab.

Txhua cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua dej tau tinted, lawv yooj yim los ua haujlwm nrog thiab tiv taus alkalis.

Cov xim pleev xim acrylic khaws lawv cov xim, ua haujlwm ntev - 10-20 xyoo, yooj yim los ntxuav, tuaj yeem siv pleev xim rau rooj tog.

Sib txawv

Cov xim pleev xim hauv dej sib piv nrog cov khoom pleev xim raws cov kuab tshuaj organic-txha hniav laus, kua roj vanish kom nyab xeeb rau kev noj qab haus huv, tsis kub hnyiab, qhuav sai.

Cov xim pleev xim dej muaj qhov sib txawv hauv kev sib xyaw uas txiav txim siab lawv lub hom phiaj, thaj tsam. Cov qib acrylic yog qhov ua tau zoo dua ntawm cov xim pleev xim dej. Qhov sib txawv ntawm thawj cov xim raws dej thiab lawv cov qauv niaj hnub no tseem ceeb heev. Kev vam meej tau coj lawv mus rau qib tshiab ntawm daim ntawv thov, thiab tam sim no lawv yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv pleev xim ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws.

Yuam kev

Rho tawm: koj tuaj yeem pleev xim ntawm t los ntawm + 50C, koj tsis tuaj yeem khov hom xim no.

Acrylic yog kim dua, tab sis tus nqi ncaj ncees los ntawm nws qhov zoo.

Nws nyuaj rau pleev xim ntoo ntoo nrog cov xim pleev xim dej vim yog qhov nrawm nrawm ntawm cov xim.

Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov

Kev tsim tswv yim zoo nkauj, ua haujlwm tiav - sab hauv, sab nrauv. Cov dej pleev xim acrylic siv rau ntoo, pob zeb, cib, plastered, hlau saum npoo. Cov neeg tsim qauv thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam siv cov xim no ntau hauv lawv txoj haujlwm.