Cov Phab Ntsa Ntub Dej: Yuav Ua Li Cas Muab Tshuaj Txhuam Kom Zoo, Muab Tshuaj Txhuam Koj Tus Kheej Txhais Tes, Yuav Ua Li Cas Kom Qib Cov Phab Ntsa Nrog Muab Tshuaj Txhuam

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Plastering phab ntsa yog txheej txheem nyuaj thiab siv sijhawm ntau, tab sis tseem ceeb heev. Nws puas tuaj yeem muab tshuaj txhuam nrog koj txhais tes? Yuav ua li cas txhawm rau kom raug thiab yuav ua li cas rau qib phab ntsa nrog putty, koj yuav kawm los ntawm kab lus no.

Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm tsim kho hauv chav tsev, tsev, hauv lub tebchaws nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, koj yuav tsum xav txog txhua yam kom zoo thiab nrhiav kom ntxaws txog txhua yam kev nyuaj thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus txheej txheem. Tom qab tag nrho, txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis raug siv dag zog tuaj yeem ua kom puas tag nrho kev kho, ntxiv rau cov nqi nyiaj txiag ntxiv.

Peculiarities

Kev nplij siab thiab zoo nkauj hauv chav tsev pib nrog kev kho dua tshiab. Phab ntsa ntub dej yog ib feem me me ntawm qhov loj. Ua ntej rov kho dua, cov chav ntawm chav tsev yuav tsum tau npaj kom raug. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov xim thiab cov ntawv ntsa. Qee lub sij hawm nws yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau txhawm rau phab ntsa txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho nws lub zog thiab kev ntseeg tau. Kev npaj saum npoo kom raug txhais tau tias tshem tag nrho cov av thiab ua kom huv.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm phab ntsa plastering muaj ntau yam ntxwv . Nov yog hom khoom siv uas yuav siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, thiab hom putty, thiab saum npoo uas yuav raug rau txheej txheem putty, thiab ntau ntxiv, ntau ntxiv.

Sib xyaw

Putty yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev ua cov tshuaj txhuam los yog hmoov. Nws muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Nws suav nrog xab npum ntxhua khaub ncaws, hmoov nplej, ntoo, kua nplaum tsiaj, sifted gypsum, ntau yam kua roj vanish, ziab cov roj, talc, chalk, barite, zinc dawb, ocher, soot, kaolin, asbestos thiab cov hmoov txhuas liab.

Nyob ntawm seb hom putty thiab nws cov muab tub lim tseem ceeb, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg kuj tseem tuaj yeem suav nrog cov khoom pabcuam hauv daim ntawv qhuav, ntuj qhuav ziab, esters, acrylic acid, ntsev, yas, calcium carbonate.

Los ntawm qhov muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab tsim ua ib feem hauv nws, nws tau muab faib ua peb pawg:

1. Plaster;
2. Maas;
3. Polymeric.

Gypsum putty muaj ntawm gypsum. Nws yog yoog raws thiab tiv taus cov av noo. Yog tias peb tham txog lub cev nqaij daim tawv ntawm cov khoom siv, nws zoo li cov hmoov dawb nrog qhov ntom ntom ntawm 2, 4. Lub zog tensile yog li ntawm 3 txog 15. Thaum nws tawv, cov gypsum pib nthuav dav thiab nws ntim tau nce li 1%. Lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv tau ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev siv lub zog qis thiab ua kom muaj zog txaus.

Scope ntawm gypsum putty:

• tawg loj;
• nqaws rau ntawm qhov chaw ua vaj tse;
• gypsum boards;
• cib

Cement putty, tsis zoo li gypsum, tawv dua qeeb. Yog li ntawd, nws tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv qhov ntau thiab kev kho saum npoo av tau pib ntawm qhov nrawm. Tab sis nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias nws muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm kev nqaim, yog li daim ntawv thov txheej yuav tsum tuab.

Cov khoom sib xyaw polymer tsis thim thiab tsis pub ya raws dhau. Hom no yog kim tshaj plaws ntawm peb qhov teev tseg. Nws lub hauv paus yog cov nplaum nplaum nplaum.

Cov putty tuaj yeem ua tom tsev.

Hauv qab no yog ob peb zaub mov txawv rau kev daws koj tus kheej:

• Roj av . Txhawm rau ua nws, koj yuav tsum tau noj ib kilogram ntawm cov roj kom qhuav, ib puas grams ntawm desiccant (NF-1) thiab ob kilograms ntawm cov av nplaum.
• Cov nplaum nplaum . Txhawm rau ua nws, koj yuav tsum sib tov 1 kg ntawm 10% kua nplaum tov nrog 25 g ntawm cov roj kom qhuav thiab ntxiv 2 kg ntawm sifted chalk rau qhov no. Cov roj linseed tau ntxiv rau cov kua nplaum ua kom sov thiab sib xyaw kom huv, tom qab ntawd cov av nplaum ntxiv.

Tsis tas li, cov tshuaj muab faib ua dej-soluble thiab dej-tsis yaj.

Tab sis txawm li cas los xij qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj pleev, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau phab ntsa pleev xim nrog cov xim pleev xim.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov ua yuam kev loj yuav raug nkim sij hawm, txij li cov putty yuav tsis lo rau nws thiab yuav poob. Qhov ua tau ntawm kev siv nws rau fiberglass kuj tseem nyob ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj txhuam.

Saib

Thaum lub sijhawm los xaiv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav, cov neeg siv khoom tau ploj thiab tsis nkag siab qhov tseeb yuav tsum tau yuav thiab yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas dab tsi. Tom qab tag nrho, sau cov phab ntsa thaum kho ua haujlwm yog theem tseem ceeb heev, yog li ntawd, ua ntej yuav khoom dab tsi, koj yuav tsum kawm kom ntxaws txog txhua hom kev ua kom zoo nkauj.

Phab ntsa putty tau muab faib ua ob pawg:

• qhuav;
• npaj siv.

Qhuav sib tov rau qib phab ntsa yog qhov zoo dua. Lawv muag hauv hnab thiab pob khoom.

Qhov zoo ntawm hom no suav nrog:

• Yooj yim ntawm kev npaj.
• Muaj peev xwm ua kom daws tau qhov xav tau viscosity.
• Yooj yim cia, kev thauj mus los yooj yim.
• Tus nqi pheej yig.
• Lub neej txee ntev yog ntev.
• Tsis ntshai qhov kub hloov pauv.

Txhua lub tsev tsim khoom muaj nws tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov sib xyaw qhuav suav nrog:

• Nkim sij hawm los npaj tshuaj khib rau putty.
• Thaum ua cov txheej txheem ua noj, koj yuav tsum ua raws cov lus qhia nruj me ntsis.
• Lub sijhawm ntawm kev npaj ua haujlwm sib xyaw ua ke muaj tsawg heev, yog li koj feem ntau yuav tsum npaj ib feem tshiab ntawm kev daws teeb meem.

Cov khoom siv npaj txhij siv tau muag hauv cov thoob yas lossis cov kaus poom.

Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no nws muaj qhov zoo:

• Tsis muaj lub sijhawm siv kev daws teeb meem.
• Lub sijhawm tsis nkim sijhawm ntawm kev npaj ua haujlwm sib xyaw.

Ntawm cov khoom siv npaj ua rau phab ntsa, ntau yam hauv qab no tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov txee ntawm khw khw:

• Maas.
• Plaster.
• Polymeric.

Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov cement putty yog cov cement. Hom kev sib xyaw no tau paub rau cov neeg tsim khoom txij li hnub ntawm USSR. Nws yog xim grey thiab ntau lub npe. Rau cov ntsej muag, ntau hom kev ntseeg tau siv uas tau nce lub zog.

Qhov dav ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov yog phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev facades thiab sab hauv phab ntsa ntawm thaj chaw nrog cov av noo siab. Microcracks raug tso cai. Lawv tiv taus te, vim lawv muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsuas yog, tab sis qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov cement putty yog qhov muaj zog ntawm kev nqaim.

Gypsum mortar yog dawb, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, sib xyaw ntawm cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws yog daus-dawb. Cov khoom sib xyaw hauv tsev yuav muaj xim daj, vim tias gypsum los ntawm cov tso nyiaj hauv zos tau siv hauv kev tsim khoom, thiab nws tsis yog lub suab dawb huv. Qhov chaw siv yog phab ntsa uas cov ntawv ntsa yuav lo lossis pleev xim. Tsis siv rau hauv chav dej, chav dej thiab pas dej da. Nws tsis tiv taus qhov txias txias, yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog siv nws tsuas yog sab hauv tsev. Ib qho piv txwv piv txwv ntawm gypsum putty tau txiav txim siab ua ASB ua hauv Turkey thiab cov khoom lag luam ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev txhawj xeeb Knauf.

Gypsum mortar yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas zoo tshaj plaws rau siv hauv chav uas tib neeg nyob, vim nws yog tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig, tsis tso cov tshuaj phem thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tswj hwm microclimate zoo nyob hauv tsev.

Hom polymer ntawm putty yog cov khoom tshiab uas nyuam qhuav tshwm sim hauv khw muag khoom cov khoom lag luam.

Polymer putty muaj ob hom:

• acrylic;
• yas.

Kev sib xyaw acrylic yog yooj yim siv. Nws yog siv rau ob qho tib si ua haujlwm sab nrauv thiab sab hauv. Nws yog hu ua ntau yam sib xyaw ua ke thiab siv los ua qhov ntxhib, qib thiab ua kom tiav. Nws lub hauv paus yog acrylic, thiab nws, raws li koj paub, yog nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws, uas txhais tau tias acrylic putty muaj tus lej ntawm qhov zoo dua ntawm gypsum thiab cement sib tov. Piv txwv li, acrylic ua haujlwm zoo nrog cov khoom siv uas ua los ntawm cov cement mortar, thiab qhov no muab cov khoom siv ua tiav thiab ua kom du. Qhov sib xyaw no yog qhov ua kom khov tag nrho.

Yog tias cov tshuaj pleev tau qhuav me ntsis, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem kho nws me ntsis thiab dilute nws nrog dej dawb.

Latex putty yog siv tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv. Nws tsis ntsws thiab yog ywj ywj heev, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv txheej tuab heev. Nws tau siv rau ntawm txhua qhov chaw, suav nrog cov hlau, uas tsis tuaj yeem hais txog lwm hom khoom siv zoo sib xws. Polymer putty yog ib yam khoom kim heev ntawm kev siv nyiaj rau cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis qhov tshwm sim ua tau raws li kev cia siab. Thaum yuav nws, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj, vim tias muaj ntau qhov cuav ntawm hom sib xyaw no ntawm kev ua lag luam.

Ntawm qhov tsis txaus, ib tus tuaj yeem tawm ib leeg - cov hnab looj yas tsis ua pa. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob, cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xeb.

Los ntawm lub hom phiaj, cov khoom siv putty tau muab faib ua cov hauv qab no:

1. Qib;
2. Ua tiav;
3. Tshwj xeeb;
4. Universal.

Cov qib sib xyaw ua haujlwm rau qib saum npoo. Nws muaj cov nplaum zoo heev rau hauv txheej txheej, yog li nws nteg tusyees thiab du. Tau ua kom ntev dua.

Kev sib xyaw ua kom tiav ua lub hauv paus npaj rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj phab ntsa.

Kev sib xyaw tshwj xeeb ua cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb - tshem tawm cov pob qij txha sib txuas, ua haujlwm kho sai.

Kev sib xyaw ua ke thoob ntiaj teb ua tiav txhua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov hom putty yav dhau los thiab tau siv rau txhua theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab ntawm yuav luag txhua phab ntsa.

Tab sis cov neeg yuav khoom xaiv qhov sib xyaw, raws li txoj cai, raws li tus nqi ntawm cov khoom.

Qhov kev paub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev muab tshuaj rau cov neeg yuav khoom yog lawv faib ua:

• pib;
• tiav

Lawv qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov pom kev ntawm qhov pom yog qhov loj ntawm qhov ntim puv. Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov pib muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj cov nplej ntawm cov xuab zeb quartz uas sau qhov tsis xws luag thiab tawg. Lawv loj dua li cov uas pom hauv qhov ua kom tiav. Raws li, qhov pib sib xyaw yog thov hauv txheej tuab. Qhov teeb meem nkaus xwb uas yog kev sib tsoo ntawm cov ntawv thov pib sib xyaw. Qhov no feem ntau ua tiav nrog cov grinders. Nws tsis tsim nyog tos rau lub tiaj tiaj thiab du ntawm qhov pib muab tshuaj txhuam, tab sis qhov sib xyaw ua tiav muab cov nyhuv no.

Hauv kev xyaum, ob hom tshuaj khib no tau siv ua ke. Ua ntej, qhov pib sib xyaw tau thov, thiab tom qab ntawd, tom qab nws tau qhuav tas lawm, qhov ua kom tiav tiav yog siv.

Ntxiv nrog rau txhua hom saum toj no ntawm putty, muaj qee qhov ntxiv:

• Nplaum.
• Roj.
• Roj thiab kua nplaum.
• Shakril.

Cov hom no tshwj xeeb heev thiab tau siv los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij nkaus xwb.

Hom nto

Rau txhua qhov saum npoo, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv qee yam ntawm cov kua nplaum.

OSB slabs

OSB board yog ntoo, chipboard, ntau txheej uas muaj qhov pom kev ntxhib. Txhawm rau qib lawv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los muab cov dej tso rau saum.

Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov no yuav yog qib tso rau tsim rau ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntoo. Nws raug txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom npaj rau qib cib lossis pob zeb ua haujlwm. Nws yuav raug pov tseg ua haujlwm - cov putty yuav yooj yim ploj mus.

Rau qhov no, cov hauv qab no yog qhov tsim nyog:

• Sib tov nrog cov roj thiab cov kua nplaum . Lawv muaj cov kua roj vanish, ntuj qhuav kom qhuav roj thiab cov tshuaj pabcuam, uas zoo ib yam li cov qauv ntoo. Cov khoom sib xyaw xws li LSH-1 thiab LSH-2. Yog tias cov ntawv ntsa yuav raug muab lo rau cov nplaum rau yav tom ntej, tom qab ntawd cov sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem hloov nrog cov kua roj vanish (M-175) lossis pleev xim nrog cov tshuaj txhuam.
• Cov nplaum sib tov . Cov sib xyaw ua ke no yog ua los ntawm cov roj, cov kua nplaum thiab cov yas yas. Cov sib xyaw no zoo ib yam li cov qhob qhob qhob qhob.
• Nitro putty . Qhov no yog qhov sib xyaw ua kom qhuav sai heev. Lawv suav nrog cellulose ether, resin, yas yas, thiab hnyav. Hom nrov tshaj plaws ntawm nitro putty yog ASh-32 thiab MBSh.

Tab sis ntxiv rau qhov kev hloov kho tshwj xeeb, putty rau OSB cov laug cam yuav tsum muaj vaj huam sib luag tshwj xeeb:

• Zoo heev adhesion, raws li twb tau hais lawm.
• Homogeneous sib xws. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov khoom loj.
• Tsawg shrinkage. Qhov no txo qis kev kho lub sijhawm.
• Ua kom muaj zog thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau.
• Lub peev xwm los thov dyes rau nws thiab cov ntawv ntsa.

Nqes hav

Txhawm rau kom txoj kab nqes los ua qhov zoo thiab saib zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj txhuam kom zoo, thiab qhov no yuav tsum tau muab cov tshuaj sib tov haum.

Yog li, yog tias qhov nqes hav nyob sab hauv chav, qhov twg qhov ntsuas kub yog qhov ib txwm muaj thiab tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum xaiv cov putty nrog cov nplua nuj, uas yuav ua rau txheej txheej zoo kawg nkaus thiab txawm tias.

Rau qhov chaw nyob sab nraud, qhov twg muaj qhov kub thiab txias, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov ntxhia ntxhib ntxhib. Nws yuav tsum tiv taus cov av qis thiab tiv taus te. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog kev sib xyaw cement.

Ua npuas ncauj

Puttying ua npuas dej thaiv qhov chaw yog lub luag haujlwm thiab nyuaj, vim tias qhov saum toj no muaj qhov tsis xws luag.

Txhawm rau kom cov tshuaj pleev kom zoo, koj yuav tsum yuav cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• MAAs puag;
• ntxhia aggregates;
• cov khoom siv pabcuam pabcuam;
• nce yas;
• Frost tsis kam;
• tiv taus ya raws.

Styrofoam

Cov lus nug hais txog kev ntim ua npuas dej yog qhov txaus siab rau ntau tus neeg, vim tias kev thaiv tsev ntawm sab nrauv thiab sab hauv nrog cov khoom siv no yog txheej txheem tsis kim. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv ua npuas dej los ntawm lwm yam sab nraud (tshav ntuj, noo noo, te, ua haujlwm nyuaj), nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau.

Rau ua npuas dej putty thov:

• universal sib tov;
• tshwj xeeb sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv polystyrene.

Hom putty no yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• Ua kom muaj zog ntxiv. Lub xub ntiag ntawm kua nplaum nyob rau hauv cov putty.
• Lub hom phiaj rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv / sab nraud.
• Tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv hauv qhov kub thiab txias.
• Kev tiv thaiv ya raws siab

Qhov nrov tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam khoom siv hauv tsev yog Master, Polimin, Ceresit putty mixtures. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog cov cement-based filler.

Qhob nto

Kev kho hauv chav tsev feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov phab ntsa, vim tias cov ntawv ntsa yuav lo lossis cov xim yuav siv rau cov phab ntsa ntub dej yav tom ntej. Tsis tas yuav muab tshuaj txhuam tsuas yog cov vuas luaj ceramic yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm cov phab ntsa ua vaj tse.

Putty ntawm cov phab ntsa ua vaj tsev xav tau rau ob yam laj thawj:

• Rau kev kawm tuab si lug.
• Txhawm rau txo qhov nqus ntawm cov pob zeb.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv qhov sib tov qhuav kom puv, pib los ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov phab ntsa. Rau cov txheej txheem, koj yuav tsum yuav ob qho pib sib xyaw thiab sib xyaw ua kom tiav. Pib putty yuav tsum tau ntxhib-grained, thiab qhov kawg putty yuav tsum tau nplua-grained. Cov sib xyaw uas nrov tshaj plaws rau cov nplais pob zeb yog Knauf, Ceresit, Caparol.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas muab tso rau saum npoo av yuav tsum muaj:

• instant tuav;
• siab zog;
• muaj lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv dej;
• Frost tsis kam;
• siab elasticity;
• tsis muaj shrinkage;
• thixotropy - muaj peev xwm nce viscosity;
• waterproofness.

Kev teeb tsa nrawm yog qhov tsim nyog, txij li cov tshuaj pleev tau siv rau hauv txheej tuab (3-5 cm). Elasticity yuav pab daws kom nkag mus rau hauv txhua qhov crevices.

Kev sib xyaw yuav tsum yog raws cov cement, tab sis nws raug txwv tsis pub sib xyaw nrog lwm cov tshuaj, vim tias tag nrho cov khoom siv yooj yim yuav ploj mus.

Cov yas yas

Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws yog muab cov yas yas tso rau saum, zoo li muaj coob tus neeg uas tau ntsib nrog cov txheej txheem no ntseeg. Hauv qhov no, cov tshuaj pleev ua haujlwm kho qhov muag, tshem tawm qhov tsis xws thiab tsis xws luag ua ntej pleev xim.

Putty rau cov yas yas yuav tsum muaj:

• siab elasticity;
• qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib koom ua ke nrog ntau lub polymers;
• nce zog cuam tshuam;
• siab hydrophobicity;
• muab rau hauv kev sib tsoo.

Yog li, qhov sib xyaw ua ke no yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau qhov sib xyaw, suav nrog cov tshuaj thiab cov tawv tawv. Nws raug txwv tsis pub siv cov yas rau cov thermoplastics, nitrocellulose, acrylic coatings.

Ntawm cov ntau yam ntawm cov ntim rau yas yog qhov txawv:

• kua;
• carbon;
• nrog fiberglass.

Cov cuab yeej

Rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm phab ntsa hauv ib chav, koj xav tau tsis yog tsuas yog cov dej sib tov zoo, tab sis kuj xaiv cov cuab yeej raug.

Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem, koj yuav xav tau:

• Laum los yog tov khoom . Yog tias tau muab cov tshuaj ziab qhuav, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum npaj cov tshuaj los ntawm nws tus kheej. Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov sib xws sib xws, koj xav tau lub tov tshwj xeeb lossis xyaum nrog lub taub hau.
• Cov tshuaj khib yog siv rau phab ntsa nrog spatula . Feem ntau, ib txheej tau yuav, uas suav nrog ntau yam sib txawv ntawm spatulas-ib hom xav tau ntawm ib qho chaw tiaj, thiab hauv qhov chaw tsis yooj yim mus cuag, lwm hom spatula yog qhov yooj yim dua.
• Cov menyuam thiab txhuam yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav . Nws tsis pom zoo kom tshem tawm cov txheej txheem no, vim nws muaj lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv.
• Qib . Nws xav tau los txiav txim siab li cas cov phab ntsa du.
• Ntawv txhuam . Yog tias muaj qhov tsis raug thiab tsis xwm yeem pom ntawm qhov chaw kho, lawv raug tshem tawm. Qhov no xav tau ntawv txhuam. Yog tias qhov ntim ntawm kev ua haujlwm loj txaus, nws raug nquahu kom siv phau ntawv tawv nqaij. Thaum siv qhov pib muab tshuaj txhuam, cov ntawv ntxhib ntxhib yuav yooj yim dua, thiab yog tias siv cov tshuaj txhuam tiav, nws yooj yim dua los siv cov ntawv zoo.
• Peev xwm rau tov cov tshuaj . Txij li ib feem ntawm cov khoom ua tiav tau muab sib xyaw ua ke tsis tseem ceeb vim nws qhuav sai, koj tuaj yeem yuav lub thawv me me.

Ua ntej xaiv thiab yuav spatula, koj yuav tsum sim siv nws. Nws hloov tawm nws tsis yooj yim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov pib tshiab. Qee tus neeg pom nws yooj yim dua los siv cov menyuam ib txwm muaj. Tab sis raws li cov neeg tsim khoom nrog kev paub ntau yam, nws tsis yooj yim rau lawv los ua cov phab ntsa, vim nws nyuaj rau ua tiav cov tiaj tiaj.

Raws li kev xaiv spatula, ntawm no koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov hauv qab no:

• cov menyuam rau pem hauv ntej muaj qhov txiav txim siab dav thiab loj ntawm cov hniav, thiab cov menyuam xim muaj me dua nrog cov nqaim nqaim;
• tuav ntawm spatula yuav tsum muaj zog kom tom qab siv thawj zaug nws tsis nyob hauv tus tswv txhais tes;
• qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog cov cuab yeej nrog cov tes tuav rubberized;
• tha xim spatulas tsis sai;
• qhov dav zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntoo spatula yog 50 cm, rau qhov chaw tsis yooj yim nws yuav tsum tau siv spatulas txog 15 cm dav;
• xav tau lub teeb lossis lub teeb me me, nrog kev pab uas txhua qhov tsis xws luag thiab ua tsis tiav tom qab sau tau txiav txim. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv lub teeb halogen rau lub hom phiaj no;
• rab riam tsim kho thiab lub tshuab xaws yuav tsum nyob ntawm tes.

Yog tias peb tham txog teeb tsa, tom qab ntawd nws yuav yog qhov raug xaiv rau txheej uas suav nrog cov cuab yeej ntawm 5, 15, 40 thiab 60 cm loj. siv nws rau nws lub hom phiaj.

Kev npaj cov tshuaj

Nws paub tias koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom sib xyaw ua tiav lossis cov kua npaj ua kom tiav, lossis koj tuaj yeem ua nws tus kheej.

Txhawm rau ua gypsum putty hauv tsev, koj yuav xav tau 2-3 kg ntawm av nplaum, ib kilogram ntawm gypsum, 5% daws ntawm ntoo kua nplaum. Peb sib tov cov chalk nrog gypsum, tom qab ntawd maj mam ncuav cov dej sib tov no rau hauv cov kua nplaum yav tas los nchuav rau hauv lub thoob thiab sib tov kom huv si kom cov txiaj ntsig yog homogeneous loj. Qhov kev daws teeb meem no ua tau sai heev, yog li nws zoo dua los npaj nws hauv qhov me me. Nws tau siv rau ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom npog cov pob qij txha qhuav, tab sis tsuas yog hauv cov chav uas cov av noo tsis siab.

Koj tseem tuaj yeem ua cov roj pleev koj tus kheej. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav xav tau ib kilogram ntawm cov roj kom qhuav, 100 g ntawm desiccant (kom nrawm cov txheej txheem ua kom khov) thiab ob kilograms ntawm chalk hmoov. Peb sib tov tag nrho cov khoom xyaw kom txog thaum tau txais qhov sib xws sib xws. Cov tshuaj no tsis ntshai kev hloov pauv kub thiab cov av noo siab. Nws tau siv rau ntawm cov ntoo, nrog rau ntawm phab ntsa uas yuav pleev xim nrog cov xim roj.

Ua kev daws teeb meem los ntawm kev yuav cov khoom sib tov sib xyaw tsis yog qhov nyuaj txhua.

Hauv qab no yog cov lus qhia ib qib zuj zus, ua raws qhov uas koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev daws teeb meem zoo rau kev pleev xim rau phab ntsa:

1. Ncuav dej huv ntawm chav sov mus rau hauv lub thoob yas, kwv yees li ib lub hlis twg.
2. Maj mam ncuav qhov sib tov qhuav rau hauv dej. Qhov ntau yuav tsum sib haum rau qhov uas tau qhia hauv cov lus qhia.
3. Siv lub tov khoom, tuav txhua yam kom txog thaum koj tau txais cov homogeneous loj uas tsis pom muaj pob.
4. Cia qhov kev daws teeb meem sawv ntsug li 5-10 feeb.
5. Tom qab ntawd peb sib tov zoo thiab peb tuaj yeem siv tau.

Nyob rau hauv tsos, xws li kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum zoo li tuab qaub cream - qhov no yog qhov nthuav dav tseem ceeb, vim tias tsis yog tuab tuab lossis tsis muaj kua ntau dhau yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum siv. Ib txheej txheej tuab tuab yuav ntog tam sim ntawd, thiab cov kua ib leeg yuav kis tau yooj yim.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias hauv ib pawg kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum muaj ntau npaum li txaus rau 40 feeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Yog tias thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm cov khoom tiav tsis tau siv tag nrho, nws tuaj yeem nchuav nrog dej thiab tsis sib tov, thiab thaum tsim nyog, ntws cov dej thiab siv nws ntxiv. Qhov no siv rau polymer qhuav sib tov.

Kev npaj ntawm lub hauv paus

Ua ntej koj pib tso cov phab ntsa, koj yuav tsum npaj lawv kom raug, txij li qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyob ntawm qhov no.

Txhawm rau npaj phab ntsa rau putty txhais tau tias tshem tag nrho cov av , pleev xim qub, soot, pleev xim, pleev xim, plaster qub. Kev tu lub tshuab yog ua los ntawm kev txhuam tshwj xeeb, txhuam thiab txhuam. Thaum tag nrho cov khib nyiab tau raug tshem tawm, nws yog qhov tig ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav ntawm phab ntsa, uas muaj nyob rau hauv degreasing cov nplaim. Nws tau ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm xab npum tshwj xeeb. Kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Yog tias muaj xeb nyob ntawm phab ntsa, lub qhov hluav taws kub tsis tu ncua yuav pab tshem nws tawm. Cov theem kawg ntawm kev npaj yog tshuaj xyuas qhov tsis xwm yeem loj ntawm phab ntsa. Qhov sib txawv ntawm tsib millimeters lossis ntau dua yog suav tias yog qhov loj. Qhov teeb meem yog tias txheej nruab nrab ntawm cov nplaum yog ob millimeters, yog li qhov tsis xws luag loj yuav tsum tau muab qib, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd muab tso rau. Txhawm rau npog qhov tsis xwm yeem loj, nws pheej yig dua los siv plaster, thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau.

Subtleties ntawm daim ntawv thov

Yog tias koj yuav tsum muab cov phab ntsa tso rau hauv chav tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, tom qab ntawd txhawm rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ua kom rov zoo dua qub, koj yuav tsum kawm txhua qhov nuances ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj tov. Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis zoo li nyuaj nkaus xwb thaum xub thawj.

Puttying pib nrog kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Rau qhov no, pib sib xyaw ib txwm siv. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los siv cov tshuaj hauv ib txheej nyias ntawm ib centimeter. Kev kho qhov chaw yuav tsum qhuav tag. Nws yuav siv sijhawm 10-12 teev.

Yog tias koj pom tias tsis muaj qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm phab ntsa, tom qab ntawd txhua yam tau qhuav thiab koj tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus.

Tam sim no qhov sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum tau siv. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thov cov tshuaj txhuam sib txawv sib txawv los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thov pib cug. Qhov sib tov tau thov hauv ob qho kev qhia sib txawv, yog li txhua qhov tsis xws luag pom tam sim. Lawv yuav tsis ploj thawj zaug, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov nplaim ua los ntawm cov phab ntsa ntub dej thiab ua vaj tsev, tab sis hauv 2-3 zaug txhua yam yuav raug tshem tawm.

Hauv qhov chaw tsis yooj yim, siv lub trowel ntawm qhov tsim nyog. Rau ntau tus neeg, teeb meem tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem ntawm kev kho cov ces kaum tshwm sim. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, muaj lub sijhawm thaum txhua lub ces kaum xav tau, raws li lawv hais, txhawm rau nias hauv ib ces kaum, thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau nws.

Yog tias lub ces kaum raug ntxig tsis raug lossis tsis tob txaus, tom qab ntawd muaj teeb meem nrog cov kua nplaum.

Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm puttying, cov neeg uas ua haujlwm kho lawv tus kheej lub ntsej muag tawv tawv - pleev xim rau phab ntsa. Cov lus nug muaj tseeb tshwm sim tam sim - nws puas tuaj yeem pleev xim rau xim?

Qhov no tsuas ua tau yog tias:

• Cov phab ntsa tau pleev xim nrog cov xim tsis-emulsion. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim heev los txheeb xyuas qhov no. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau moisten daim txhuam cev nrog dej thiab txhuam cov xim pleev xim, yog tias cov xim pib ua npuas dej thiab ntxuav tawm, tom qab ntawd nws yog emulsion thiab tsis muaj teeb meem yuav tsum tau muab tso rau.
• Yog tias cov xim ntawm phab ntsa tsis tev lossis tawg, txwv tsis pub cov tshuaj yuav tsis lees paub.
• Yog tias cov xim tsis yog raws li ziab cov roj.

Tab sis nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias pleev xim rau phab ntsa yog qhov pheej hmoo.

Yog tias, tau kawm tag nrho cov subtleties ntawm tus txheej txheem lossis tau sim muab tshuaj txhuam rau nws tus kheej, ib tus neeg nkag siab tias qhov no yog qhov ua tsis tiav thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua rau kev siv tshuaj txhuam hniav rau ntawm phab ntsa.

Mechanized plaster yog lub thev naus laus zis tshiab uas tuaj rau peb los ntawm Asmeskas, uas suav nrog cov phab ntsa plastering siv cov cuab yeej tshaj lij thiab cov cuab yeej siv.

Lub tswv yim pab tau

Ua ntej pib tsim kho lossis ua haujlwm kho, koj yuav tsum ib txwm thov kev pab tswv yim los ntawm cov neeg uas twb tau ntsib qhov no lawm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog tias ib tus neeg tau ntsib plastering lossis pleev xim rau nws tus kheej tes thiab tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij txuj ci thawj zaug.

Thaum sau cov phab ntsa, koj yuav tsum paub tias:

• Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau yuav cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej siv rau cov khoom zoo.
• Thaum yuav cov khoom sib tov qhuav, dilute cov tshuaj tsuas yog ua raws li cov lus qhia.
• Rau txhua hom nto, qee hom kev sib xyaw tau siv.
• Nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom nkag siab meej tias hom kev kho kom zoo nkauj phab ntsa yuav ua raws li tom qab muab tshuaj txhuam. Yog hais tias wallpapering lossis pleev xim rau phab ntsa, tom qab ntawd yuav tsum tau pleev xim, yog tias muaj cov vaj huam sib luag zoo nkauj lossis cov vuas luaj ceramic, tom qab ntawd tsis tas yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj txhuam.
• Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau txhawm rau kaum uas xav tau cov cuab yeej ntxiv.
• Nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov yas zoo, tsuas yog xav tau cov ntawv ntsa lossis pleev xim. Rau qhov no, cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tiaj tus, uas txhais tau tias yuav tsum muaj putty.
• Yog tias qhov ntsuas kub qis dua tsib degrees hauv chav uas qhov chaw ua haujlwm putty yuav tshwm sim, tom qab ntawd nws tsis pom zoo kom ua txoj haujlwm. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub rau puttying yog + 15-25 degrees.
• Nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav kev kho kho tom qab sau tsuas yog ib hnub tom qab. Qhov no yog lub sijhawm siab tshaj plaws rau kev ua kom qhuav tag nrho ntawm cov tso quav.