Polyethylene Thiab Polypropylene: Qhov Sib Txawv Yog Dab Tsi? Yuav Ua Li Cas Kom Paub Qhov Txawv Polypropylene Los Ntawm Polyethylene? Qhov Kev Xaiv Zoo Tshaj Yog Dab Tsi?

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-15 04:12

Polypropylene thiab polyethylene yog qee yam ntawm ntau hom khoom siv polymeric. Lawv tau ua tiav siv hauv kev lag luam, lub neej niaj hnub, thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Vim lawv qhov sib txawv tshwj xeeb, lawv siv tsis muaj analogues. Cia peb ua tibzoo saib ntawm qhov zoo sib xws tseem ceeb thiab sib txawv ntawm polypropylene thiab polyethylene, nrog rau cov khoom siv.

Sib xyaw

Zoo li feem ntau cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb, cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau qiv los ntawm lus Greek. Cov ntawv ua ntej poly, tam sim no hauv ob lo lus, tau txhais los ntawm Greek li "ntau". Polyethylene yog ethylene ntau thiab polypropylene yog propylene ntau. Ntawd yog, hauv thawj lub xeev, cov ntaub ntawv yog cov pa roj sib txuas uas siv tau yooj yim nrog cov qauv:

C2H4 - polyethylene;

C3H6 - polypropylene khoom.

Ob qho ntawm cov khoom siv roj av no yog cov sib xyaw tshwj xeeb, hu ua alkenes, lossis acyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons . Txhawm rau muab lawv cov qauv ruaj khov, polymerization tau ua tiav-kev tsim cov txheej txheem hnyav-molecular-hnyav, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas cov tib neeg cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj qis-molecular nrog cov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev loj hlob polymer molecules.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom polymer tau tsim, cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tsuas yog carbon thiab hydrogen. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau tsim thiab txhim kho los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Hais txog daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv raw, polypropylene thiab polyethylene xyaum tsis txawv - lawv feem ntau yog tsim hauv daim ntawv me lossis cov phaj, uas, ntxiv rau lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, tuaj yeem sib txawv me me xwb. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd, los ntawm kev yaj lossis nias, ntau yam khoom tsim los ntawm lawv: cov kav dej, ntim khoom thiab ntim khoom, hulls rau nkoj thiab ntau ntxiv.

Khoom

Raws li kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb lees paub German tus qauv DIN4102, ob qho khoom siv hauv chav kawm B: tsis yooj yim rau hlawv (B1) thiab ib txwm kub hnyiab (B2). Tab sis, txawm hais tias kev sib pauv hauv qee thaj chaw ntawm kev ua, polymers muaj tus lej sib txawv hauv lawv cov khoom.

Polyethylene

Tom qab txheej txheem txheej txheem polymerization, polyethylene yog cov khoom siv tawv nrog qhov txawv txav tsis xws luag, zoo li yog npog nrog txheej txheej me me ntawm cov ciab. Vim nws qhov ntsuas qis qis, nws sib zog dua dej thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv siab:

• viscosity;
• yooj;
• elasticity

Polyethylene yog dielectric zoo heev, tiv taus hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Qhov ntsuas no yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm txhua cov polymers zoo sib xws. Lub cev, cov khoom siv tsis muaj kev phom sij kiag li, yog li nws tau siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom rau khaws cia lossis ntim khoom noj. Tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo, nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub ntau haum: ntawm -250 txog + 90 °, nyob ntawm nws hom thiab chaw tsim khoom. Kev ntsuas kub nws tus kheej yog + 350 °.

Polyethylene tiv taus ntau cov organic thiab inorganic acids, alkalis, kua ntsev, kua ntxhia, thiab ntxiv rau ntau yam tshuaj uas muaj cawv. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, zoo li polypropylene, nws ntshai tiv nrog cov tshuaj muaj zog inorganic oxidants xws li HNO3 thiab H2SO4, nrog rau qee yam halogens. Txawm tias kis me me rau cov tshuaj no ua rau tawg.

Polypropylene

Polypropylene muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo lub zog thiab hnav tsis kam, tsis muaj dej, tiv taus ntau yam khoov thiab tawg yam tsis poob zoo. Cov khoom siv yog lub cev tsis muaj mob, yog li cov khoom tsim los ntawm nws haum rau khaws cia zaub mov thiab dej haus . Nws tsis muaj ntxhiab, tsis poob rau hauv dej, tsis tso pa taws thaum taws, tab sis yaj hauv qhov me me.

Vim nws cov qauv tsis-ncov qaumteb qabteb, nws zam kev sib cuag nrog ntau cov organic thiab inorganic acids, alkalis, ntsev, roj thiab cawv uas muaj cov khoom ua tau zoo. Nws tsis cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, tab sis nrog kev kis mus ntev rau lawv cov pa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau qhov kub siab tshaj 30 °, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom tshwm sim: o thiab o.

Halogens, ntau yam oxidizing gases thiab oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm siab, xws li HNO3 thiab H2SO4, cuam tshuam rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov khoom lag luam polypropylene. Kev kub hnyiab ntawm tus kheej ntawm + 350 °. Feem ntau, kev tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm polypropylene ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ib yam yuav luag zoo ib yam li ntawm polyethylene.

Nta ntawm ntau lawm

Polyethylene yog tsim los ntawm polymerizing ethylene roj ntawm siab lossis qis. Cov khoom tsim tawm hauv siab siab hu ua polyethylene ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntoom tau ntau tshaj plaws (LDPE) hu ua LDPE (LDPE) thiab yog cov polymerized hauv cov tshuab raj tubular lossis tshwj xeeb autoclave . Tsawg siab siab ceev polyethylene (HDPE) yog tsim los siv roj theem lossis cov txheej txheem organometallic nyuaj.

Cov khoom noj rau kev tsim cov polypropylene (propylene gas) tau muab rho tawm los ntawm kev kho cov khoom siv roj av . Cov feem cais tawm los ntawm txoj kev no, muaj kwv yees li 80% ntawm cov roj xav tau, ua kom muaj kev huv ntxiv los ntawm cov dej noo ntau dhau, oxygen, carbon thiab lwm yam tsis huv. Qhov tshwm sim yog propylene roj ntawm qhov siab: 99-100%. Tom qab ntawd, siv cov catalysts tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv roj yog polymerized ntawm qhov nruab nrab siab hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov kua tshwj xeeb monomer. Cov roj ethylene feem ntau siv los ua cov tshuab luam ntawv.

Cov ntawv thov

Polypropylene, zoo li chlorinated PVC (polyvinyl chloride), tau nquag siv hauv kev tsim cov kav dej, ntxiv rau rwb thaiv tsev rau cov xov hluav taws xob thiab xov hlau. Vim tias lawv tiv taus hluav taws xob ionizing, cov khoom lag luam polypropylene tau siv dav hauv tshuaj thiab kev lag luam nuclear . Polyethylene, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siab, tsis muaj zog. Yog li ntawd, nws tau siv ntau dua hauv kev tsim cov ntim ntau yam (PET), ntaub thaiv npog, cov khoom ntim, cov rwb thaiv tsev cua sov.

Dab tsi los xaiv?

Kev xaiv cov khoom siv yuav nyob ntawm hom khoom tshwj xeeb thiab nws lub hom phiaj. Polypropylene yog qhov sib dua, cov khoom tsim los ntawm nws zoo li nthuav tawm, lawv tsis tshua muaj kev sib kis thiab yooj yim los ntxuav dua li polyethylene. Tab sis vim yog tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom siv raw, tus nqi tsim cov khoom lag luam polypropylene yog qhov kev txiav txim siab ntau dua. Piv txwv li, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo ib yam, cov ntim polyethylene yuav luag ib nrab tus nqi.

Polypropylene tsis ntsws, khaws nws qhov tsos thaum thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm, tab sis nws tiv taus txias txias - nws dhau los ua tsis taus. Polyethylene tuaj yeem tiv taus txawm tias khov heev.