2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13
Cov khoom ntawm cov polymer no yog ntau yam uas nws yooj yim muaj qhov txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm. Coob leej neeg hais tias qhov no yog cov khoom siv yav tom ntej. Qhov zoo heev, cov khoom zoo, uas yuav tham txog hauv kab lus, hu ua polyurethane.
Peculiarities
Hauv 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem hauv Tebchaws Europe, tom qab kev sim ntev, tus kws tshuaj German-thev naus laus zis los ntawm lub npe Bayer tau tsim cov khoom uas muaj cov khoom zoo. Lub polymer pom pom siv dav tom qab ntau li 20 xyoo. Nws tau pib siv rau hauv ntau ceg ntawm tib neeg txoj haujlwm.
Cov khoom siv raw rau polyurethane yog cov roj nyoos, raws li isocyanate thiab polyol.
Cov khoom lag luam tseem muaj lwm yam khoom siv: tshuaj reagents, emulsifiers, polyesters . Thiab ntxiv cov catalysts thiab tshuab cov neeg ua haujlwm hloov pauv tus qauv ntawm cov khoom kawg. Raws li tus lej ntawm cov kev hloov pauv, polyurethane hla cov polymers xws li PVC, polystyrene thiab polyethylene.
Polyurethane tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv ntau lub xeev ua tau: nyob rau hauv cov kua nrog qib siab ntawm viscosity, raws li cov roj hmab mos, nws yog mos (ua npuas roj hmab) thiab tawv (ua npuas yas). Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj qhov siab thiab qis elasticity, thiab tuaj yeem ua npuas ua polyurethane ua npuas ncauj.
Thawj xim ntawm polyurethane yog daj-xim av . Nws yog tshuaj lom inert, tiv taus cov roj, ultraviolet lub teeb, nrog rau kev txhoj puab heev ib puag ncig cuam tshuam, fungi thiab kab mob. Cov khoom muaj tshuaj lom tsawg.
Cov polymer yog tawv heev, hnav-tiv taus, tab sis tib lub sijhawm hnyav.
Polyurethane hauv ib qho ntawm nws qhov kev tshwm sim tsis plam nws cov yam ntxwv txawm tias muaj qhov hloov pauv kub (hauv thaj tsam ntawm -60 txog +80 degrees) yog li ntawd, cov khoom lag luam zoo li no ua rau tib neeg nyob rau Sab Qaum Teb thiab hauv hav zoov. Los ntawm txoj kev, hauv kev sib piv nrog tib cov roj hmab, polyurethane tsis raug puas los ntawm ozone.
Lub polymer yog tsis-conductive.
Nws qhov kev ywj pheej tsis txaus ntseeg tau zoo kawg nkaus - polyurethane ncab mus txog 650% yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj loj . Nws kuj hnyav me ntsis.
Thiab txawm hais tias roj hmab, yas thiab hlau raug suav tias yog nws cov neeg sib tw tseem ceeb, lawv tsis zoo rau polyurethane hauv qee yam ntxwv
- Polyurethane yog tus yam ntxwv siab coefficients ntawm elasticity, hnav tsis kam, hnub nyoog qeeb dua roj hmab . Nws tiv taus cov khoom siv dag zog zoo dua qub, ntxiv rau, tom qab muaj kev hloov pauv, nws rov los sai sai rau nws qhov qub.
- Hauv kev sib piv nrog cov hlau sib txawv, polyurethane yog lub teeb yuag, tiv taus abrasives . Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kev tsim cov polymer yog pheej yig dua. Cov tshuab ua los ntawm polyurethane tsim suab nrov tsawg dua.
- Polyurethane zoo dua yas thaum siv hauv huab cua sov lossis txias , tsis tawg thaum cuam tshuam.
Hauv kev ncaj ncees, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau hais ob peb lo lus hais txog qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm polyurethane . Lub polymer yog airtight, thiab ua npuas dej qhov me me. Thiab tseem muaj qhov nce ntxiv hauv qhov tsis yooj yim thiab tawv nrog ntev raug cov khoom hauv qhov txias. Tab sis qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev rov ua cov khoom polymer.
Kev tsim khoom siv tshuab
Kev tsim cov khoom polyurethane tau ua tiav hauv ntau txoj hauv kev. Muaj ntau yam thev naus laus zis: casting, extrusion, nias thiab casting.
Casting yog nyob deb tshaj plaws . Cov neeg tsim khoom siv cov thev naus laus zis no los tsim ntau yam. Txoj kev nchuav tau nrov vim yog qhov pheej yig ntawm cov pwm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom tsim tawm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws tus nqi qis.
3 kev siv thev naus laus zis tau siv: kev sib hloov casting, tsis pub dawb, thiab txhaj tshuaj molding.
Nrog kev pab los ntawm kev sib hloov casting, thaj tsam loj lossis qhov chaw cylindrical tau npog nrog cov khoom siv polyurethane. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv khoos phis tawj, cov polymer zoo li no tau siv rau lub taub hau uas tig mus. Cov txheej txheem yuav siv qhov chaw tsis muaj cua sov, siv tsis muaj qhov seem pov tseg.
Nrog dawb casting, nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov duab sib dua. Nws kuj siv computer tswj. Cov ntaub ntawv raw tau coj mus rau hauv cov pwm uas tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov ntau npaum li cas, qhov kub thiab txias . Cov khoom lag luam zoo. Nws siv cov pwm ua los ntawm silicone, nrog kev pab ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no, feem ntau txwv tsis pub ua ntu ntu. Ntawm qhov zoo yog qhov nrawm ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab tus nqi qis ntawm cov khoom raws li qhov tshwm sim.
Kev siv tshuaj molding ua kom nrawm nrawm rau kev tsim khoom nws tus kheej - cov thev naus laus zis no xav tau hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam loj.
Txhua yam thev naus laus zis tsim khoom ua rau nws ua tiav kom tau txais kev npliag npliag, kho cov khoom qhov ntev thiab cov khoom lag luam zoo.
Cov ntawv thov
Cov khoom siv polyurethane tseem muaj ntau dua li qhov koj xav. Muaj ntau qhov chaw ntawm lawv siv: los ntawm kev siv hlau thiab tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob mus rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv rau chav tsev thiab tsev . Lawv kuj tseem pom nyob hauv kev lag luam chaw, tshuaj, kev tsim kho, kev tsim vaj tsev, thiab kev lag luam roj.
Rau kev lag luam hlau, cov menyuam, cov menyuam, lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav yog tsim los ntawm polyurethane . Hais txog kev tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj, lawv tawm ntawm cov roj hmab nyob tom qab.
Polyurethane cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish yog xav tau hauv kev luam ntawv, ntawv, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab zas tawv . Cov khoom siv hluavtaws no yog siv rau kev tsim cov foob thiab cov nplaum.
Lawv kuj yog lub log tsheb, cov kav xa dej, cov menyuam thauj khoom, poob siab ntawm cov tsheb nqaj hlau, cov kabmob. Thiab, tau kawg, cov khoom siv polyurethane tau nquag siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom tiav thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj.
Qhov ntau ntawm cov kev xaiv rau cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv yog qhov txwv tsis pub tshaj.
Thiab qhov no tsuas yog cov npe yooj yim ntawm txhua qhov muaj nyiaj uas tau tsim los ntawm polyurethane:
- qab nthab, caissons, cornices, fab, ciam teb;
- ib nrab kab, pilasters, moldings, plinths, kab;
- lub qhov cub zoo nkauj, lub hauv paus, kab teeb cuav;
- Frieces, brackets, capitals thiab ntau ntxiv.
Lub polymer ua tau zoo tshaj ntoo, piv txwv li, xim thiab qauv ntawm cov tsiaj xws li ntoo ntoo, ntoo qhib, maple, walnut, thiab lwm yam . Cov khoom zoo nkauj ua los ntawm polyurethane tsis ntshai ya raws, tsis nqus nws, tsis rot, tsis khaws cov ntxhiab, lawv sib zog dua li qhov sib piv, thiab pheej yig dua - qee zaum.
Raws li kev tsim kho kev lag luam, cov no tsis yog tsuas yog ua npuas dej rwb thaiv tsev - cov polymer feem ntau siv los tsim ntau yam duab, cov vaj huam sib luag nyuaj, hauv cov ntawv plywood nws tuav cov ntoo ua ke. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog tag nrho. Cov khoom siv tau siv hauv xov tooj cua hluav taws xob tau zoo - lawv tau siv rau nchuav cov rwb thaiv tsev.
Polyurethane yog qhov xav tau hauv kev lag luam teeb, uas yog – hauv kev lag luam textile thiab khau . Nkawm khau, insoles, ntxiv rau zippers, ntau yam rivets, thiab txawm tias ntaub pua plag yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv. Polymer yog siv los tsim cov khaub ncaws zoo nkauj. Yog li, polyurethane -100 yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm tawv - nws tseem zoo dua li nws cov khoom sib xws, nws yog sib dua, softer, ntau tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig, thiab ntau ruaj dua.
Polyurethane yog siv hauv cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws xws li cov menyuam, siv lub tshuab siv tawv, ntaub thim rov qab, cov nplaum, cov xov paj. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm polyurethane tau siv hauv kev tsim cov txaj . Ntawm no nws ua hauv daim ntawv ua npuas dej - cov khoom no tau txais tom qab ua cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab.
Thiab kuj polyurethane tau siv los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm roj rau cov khoom siv roj -tiv taus zoo, thiab kws kho mob - rau cov kws kho hniav, cov raj thiab cov raj kho mob. Cov kav dej thiab cov kav dej yuav tiv taus cua daj cua dub thiab huab cua yog tias txhawb nqa nrog cov tshuaj polyurethane.
Kev ua si tsis tau sawv ib leeg ib yam . Ntawm no, polyurethane feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv kis las, txheej tshwj xeeb rau cov chaw ntau pob, thiab cov ciav hlau khiav. Kuj ceeb tias, ntau dua 80% ntawm surfboards yog polyurethane.
Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom tiav
Polyurethane kev tsim kho vaj tsev zoo nkauj yog lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov yas plaster. Cov neeg tsim qauv tau ntev txaus siab rau qhov ua tsis tau kawg ntawm cov khoom siv polymer niaj hnub no.
Polyurethane cov khoom lag luam sab hauv tsis yog nrov hnub no - lawv tau dhau los ua cov khoom qub.
Cov khoom sib cais ua kom zoo nkauj lub qab nthab, cov pob zeb, cov pwm, cov hauv paus ntsia zoo rau ntawm phab ntsa, zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj thav duab qhov rooj thiab qhib qhov rai. Cov khoom siv polyurethane tuaj yeem siv cais, lossis lawv tuaj yeem txuas nrog ib leeg (ua tus tsim qauv), koom nrog tsim cov duab kom tiav, lawv haum zoo rau txhua lub tswvyim sab hauv.
Daim iav tsom iav tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv siv polyurethane hauv sab hauv . Muaj ntau qhov kev xaiv rau thav duab tsom iav raws li muaj kev hloov kho ntawm daim iav nto lawv tus kheej.
Daim iav hauv pem teb uas muaj duab plaub ntxiv cov khoom kim heev rau sab hauv. Thiab thaum xub thawj siab ib muag nws zoo li lub thav duab yog ua los ntawm cov hlau. Ib daim iav me me, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog polyurethane stucco molding, npog nrog cov xim kub, yuav ua rau txhua chav nyob tshav ntuj, xis nyob thiab zoo nkauj nyob rau tib lub sijhawm.
Kev hnyav polyurethane yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim khoom ntawm qab nthab rosettes . Lawv tuaj yeem yog ob qho nyuaj thiab zoo nkauj, thiab yooj yim, tab sis tib lub sijhawm zoo nkauj.
Thiab ntawm no yog qhov piv txwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv sab hauv ua los ntawm polyurethane tuaj yeem ua tau. Muaj txhua yam nyob ntawm no: kab ntawv, pwm, cornices, baseboards thiab, ntawm chav kawm, lub qhov (socket) rau chandelier zoo nkauj.
Lub koov zoo nkauj txhawb los ntawm pilasters. Txhua yam yog nruj heev, tab sis zoo nkauj heev, thiab koj yuav tsis xav tias qhov no kuj yog polyurethane, thiab tsis yog gypsum stucco molding.
Pom zoo:
Turntables "Aria": Lub Tshuab Hluav Taws Xob "Aria-102", "Aria-5303" Thiab Lwm Yam Qauv, Yam Ntxwv Ntawm Thev Naus Laus Zis Thev Naus Laus Zis
Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm nrov Soviet turntables ntawm Aria hom-qhov twg thiab thaum twg yog Aria-102 thiab Aria-5303 tsim? Lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Cov kauj ruam twg kuv yuav tsum tau ua los teeb tsa kuv lub turntable ua ntej mloog cov ntaub ntawv yas kom tau txais lub suab zoo tshaj?
Cov Phab Ntsa Niaj Hnub Sconces: Niaj Hnub Thiab Thev Naus Laus Zis Thev Naus Laus Zis Siab
Sconces nyob rau hauv cov qauv niaj hnub yuav ua tiav zoo nkauj sab hauv. Cov kev xaiv zam los ntawm siv lead ua, ntoo thiab tooj liab yuav dhau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm chav chav dai kom zoo nkauj. Niaj hnub nimno thiab cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis siab xaiv qhov twg? Hom twg koj yuav tsum siv?
Cov Tshuab Luam Ntawv Ua Lag Luam: Yuav Ua Li Cas Luam Daim Npav Lag Luam Hauv Tsev Ntawm Daim Ntawv Tuab? Laser, Inkjet Thiab Lwm Lub Tshuab Luam Ntawv Rau Luam Ntawv Ua Lag Luam, Ntawv Qhia, Ntawv Nthuav Qhia
Dab tsi yog cov tshuab luam ntawv zoo tshaj plaws rau luam daim npav lag luam? Yuav ua li cas luam daim npav lag luam tom tsev ntawm daim ntawv tuab? Sib piv cov cuab yeej luam ntawv laser thiab inkjet
Ntoo Hmoov: Daim Ntawv Thov Thiab Thev Naus Laus Zis Tsim Khoom, Khoom Siv Rau Kev Tsim Khoom Thiab GOST, Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo. Vim Li Cas Nws Thiaj Ntxiv Rau Carbolites?
Ntoo hmoov yog ib hom khoom uas neeg nyiam siv. Daim ntawv thov thiab thev naus laus zis tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom yog dab tsi? Yam khoom siv twg yog siv los ua hmoov nplej? GOST tham txog dab tsi?
Strawberries Nyob Rau Hauv Agrofibre: Cov Phiaj Xwm Rau Cog Lawv Thaum Lub Caij Nplooj Zeeg Hauv Qab Cov Khoom Siv Npog. Peb-kab Thev Naus Laus Zis Thiab Ob-kab Thev Naus Laus Zis, Cov Yam Ntxwv Ntawm Kev Siv Agrofibre Hauv Kev Loj Hlob
Puas yog txiv pos nphuab cog hauv qab agrofibre? Dab tsi yog cov phiaj xwm rau cog nws thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg hauv qab cov khoom siv? Yuav npaj av li cas? Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov ntaub npog rau cog, dab tsi yog hom loj nws tuaj yeem yog? Dab tsi yog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cog strawberries nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb agrofibre? Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv agrofibre hauv kev loj hlob? Cov yam ntxwv ntawm peb-kab thev naus laus zis thiab thev naus laus zis ob kab yog dab tsi?
