Polystyrene Qhob (41 Duab): Nthuav Polystyrene Qhob Thiab Lwm Yam, Yam Ntxwv Thiab Muaj Pes Tsawg Leeg, GOST Thiab Cov Cua Sov Ua Kom Sov, Khoom Siv Rau Kev Tsim Khoom

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-09 13:23

Paub txhua yam txog polystyrene qhob yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau txhua tus tsim tawm. Nws yuav tsum tau kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm nthuav polystyrene qhob thiab lwm yam, nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tsim nyog paub koj tus kheej nrog cov kev xav tau ntawm GOST ntawm kev ua kom muaj cua sov thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis, nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim cov pob zeb polystyrene.

Sib xyaw

Raug kev lag luam polystyrene qhob muaj:

• cement (nws muaj peev xwm siv ob qho tib si Portland xis mas thiab slag Portland cement);
• polymer granules;
• quartz xuab zeb;
• dej kev;
• plasticizing Cheebtsam;
• cov tshuaj ntxiv uas yuam cov txheej txheem teeb tsa.

Cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv

Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb polystyrene yog txuam nrog cov muab tub lim siv. Kev ntim qis qis tso cai rau koj hloov kho cov khoom lag luam rau kev siv tshwj xeeb. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov nqus tau yooj yim heev. Cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb tau teeb tsa hauv GOST R 51263-12 . Ib puag ncig phooj ywg ntawm polystyrene qhob ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua nruj tshaj plaws.

Lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no ntev heev (nws tuaj yeem muaj ntau dua 100 xyoo) . Cov pa permeability ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm polymer thiab qhob yog hais txog tib yam li ntawm cov ntoo tawv, tab sis tsis zoo li nws, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nqaim yog qhov ua haujlwm xoom. Polystyrene qhob yog yooj yim drilled, sawn, milled. Koj tuaj yeem txuas cov ntsiab lus ua tiav rau nws hauv tib txoj kev ib yam li tsob ntoo yooj yim - nrog kev pab ntawm cov ntsia hlau.

Hais txog kev tiv thaiv ya raws, cov khoom siv no zoo heev thiab nyob deb ntawm cov ntoo ib txwm muaj.

Cov nplaim hluav taws ntawm cov pob zeb polystyrene tsawg . Yog li, nws tuaj yeem siv tau txawm tias nyob hauv cov chaw uas muaj kev phom sij ntau ntxiv. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov kev lees paub feem ntau lees paub, cov khoom zoo li no yog cov pawg uas muaj cov nplaim taws tsawg. Thaum raug rau nplaim taws, nws yuav tsis hlawv lossis tseem kub hnyiab. Kev nqus dej yuav tsuas yog kov cov granules ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw. Tab sis ib tus yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov kev cuam tshuam no yuav cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov khoom siv dag zog ntawm cov qauv. Lwm yam tsis tseem ceeb kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam. Thaum lub sij hawm hlawv, styrene, phenol thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom yuav tsis tso tawm. Thaum hlawv ib sab ntawm lwm sab, cov khoom yuav sov me ntsis, muaj kev nyab xeeb kiag li kov.

Cov thermal conductivity coefficient ntawm cov qhob nrog cov tshuaj ntxiv polymer sib txawv heev nyob ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Nws tuaj yeem nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.055 thiab 0.15 W / m ° C. Qhov ntsuas tsis kam tiv taus tuaj yeem faib ua F25-F100. Cov kws tshaj lij tau pom ntev ntev tias qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov khoom thiab nws cov thermal conductivity yog qhov nruj me ntsis. Qhov nqus tshwj xeeb ntawm 1 m3 hauv ntau kis sib npaug yog:

• 150;
• 200;
• 300;
• 400;
• 500;
• 600kg.

Lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem sib txawv los ntawm 0.5 txog 1.5 units ib txwm muaj lossis ntau dua . Lub zog kom nrawm, lub zog tensile, nrog rau kev tiv taus khaub thuas yog cuam tshuam nrog feem ntau rau qhov ntom ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb. Ntawd yog, nrog ntau npaum li cas ib lub voos xwmfab ntawm polystyrene qhob ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom hnyav. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, qib zoo ntawm lub suab rwb thaiv tsev tau lees paub. Qhov xwm txheej no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav siv PSB thaiv ob qho tib si rau sab nrauv thiab rau sab hauv.

Raug qhov ntev ntawm cov qauv tsim:

• 60x30x (9-20) cm-rau cov cua sov rwb thaiv tsev;
• 60x30x (20-25) cm - ntawm phab ntsa thaiv;
• 60x30x (8-12) cm - rau cov txheej txheem sab hauv sab hauv.

Tsis hais txog qhov loj me, cov khoom siv no txawv zoo heev thermal zog . Cov nplais nrog cov tuab ntawm 30 cm kwv yees ua ke nyob rau hauv cov cua sov ua kom sov nrog 150 cm cib. Qib ntawm lub zog tsuas yog loj hlob zuj zus.

Qhov ntsuas kub tso cai yog -60 txog +70 degrees Celsius. Rau 70 txoj kev khov thiab ua kom sov, cov yam ntxwv tsis ploj.

Pros thiab cons

PSB thaiv yog cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev pheej yig tshaj plaws ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem zoo sib xws … PSB kuj tseem txhawb los ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm siv nws ua cov khoom siv yam tsis muaj rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv. Qhov kev zam tsuas yog, tej zaum, tsuas yog thaj chaw txias tshaj nrog lub caij ntuj sov hnyav. Cov cua sov thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev tau txhim kho ua tsaug rau qhov sib koom me me. Yog tias phab ntsa tuab 10 cm, suab tsis nrov dua 37 dB yuav hla nws.

Yog li ntawd, kev siv cov sib tov qhuav hauv hnab tsis siab dhau. Rau kev teeb tsa, tib cov kua nplaum feem ntau siv uas yog siv rau ua npuas dej ua vaj tse thiab cov vuas luaj ceramic. Koj tuaj yeem tuaj yeem xaj ua kua polystyrene ua raws li daim ntawv qhia tseeb hauv qab cov xwm txheej tsim. Cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb ntxiv kom ntseeg tau tias ua tau zoo txawm tias huab cua txias mus txog -5 degrees Celsius. Thiab nws yog cov khoom uas tsis tuaj yeem sib txuas tau; tsis tuab heev txheej 60-70 hli tuab qhuav tag hauv 72-120 teev.

Tau txais txoj kev sib xyaw nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes tsis nyuaj heev. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom siv kuj tseem qis. Cov txheej txheem teeb tsa yog yooj yim, txij li qhov thaiv zoo ib yam rau 17 cib hnyav 22 kg. Kev thauj mus los, tshem tawm thiab khaws cia tom ntej, txav mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog qhov yooj yim heev. Cov khoom zoo li no tiv taus kev txhoj puab heev. Lawv ua tau zoo tiv taus kev sib cuag nrog noo noo, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kom sov, pom cov kab mob fungal. Qhov kub siab kuj tseem ua tau nyab xeeb. Kev huv huv thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm PSB ntawm qhov siab tsim nyog.

Tab sis tseem, cov ntaub ntawv no tseem muaj qee qhov tsis zoo:

• ntsia hlau hauv qhov txuas tsis tso cai ua kom muaj zog siab nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej;
• vim qhov ntom ntom qis, nws nyuaj rau nruab qhov rais thiab qhov rooj;
• cov ntsiab lus qis polystyrene lossis cov nplaum tsis zoo rau cov khoom siv ua vaj tse;
• qhov xav tau los thov plaster ob sab hauv thiab sab nraum lub tsev (nrog kev kho ua ntej);
• nce ntsws;
• tsis ruaj khov thaum ntsib nrog cov kuab tshuaj organic;
• tsis txaus vapor permeability (uas yog, xav tau kev tso pa tawm ntxiv).

Kev tsim khoom siv tshuab

Cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov pob zeb polystyrene yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev lees paub hauv Russia . Rau kev tsim khoom loj, nws yog ib txwm ua rau nruab nrog cov kab xa khoom nrog qib siab ntawm kev siv tshuab. Tus nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej siv no yog qhov tseem ceeb txawm tias nyob hauv kev lag luam. Tab sis qhov tsis zoo no tau them tag nrho los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab thiab muaj peev xwm los tsim ntau yam khoom tiav.

Lub thaiv tso tawm ntawm lub tshuab thauj khoom siv tau muaj qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab ntsuas qhov ntsuas nruj me ntsis . Qhov laj thawj yog yooj yim - kev siv tshuab ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov ntau npaum ntawm cov khoom. Cov chaw tsim khoom hauv qib qis tuaj yeem tsim nrog cov kab nyob ruaj ruaj. Lawv yog qee qhov pheej yig dua, tab sis lawv tsis tso cai tsim cov khoom ntim loj, ntxiv rau, lawv xav tau kev ua haujlwm ntau. Cov txheej tiav yog xaiv ntawm koj tus kheej kev txiav txim siab.

Hauv kev cob qhia me me thiab rau kev siv tus kheej, cov chaw tsim khoom txawb tau siv. Hauv 24 teev, cov txheej txheem no tsim tawm txog 30 m3 ntawm cov khoom tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim nyog thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb. Vim tias muaj kev faib ua feem ntau ntawm phau ntawv ua haujlwm, muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo. Txhawm rau tso 25 m3 lossis ntau dua hauv ib hnub, koj yuav tsum tau siv lub tshuab ua npuas dej.

Cov thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm qee zaum cuam tshuam nrog kev siv ntoo ntoo los ua tshuaj ntxiv. Tseem tsis tau muaj daim ntawv qhia zaum kawg, tsuas yog qee qhov kev pom zoo . Nws tau pom zoo kom koom nrog cov kws paub txuj ci hauv kev ua haujlwm. Kev tsim khoom tau xyaum siv cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj lossis hauv ib nrab qhuav nias hom.

Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm pib nrog kev muab cov khoom sib xyaw hauv qhov yuav tsum tau ua piv txwv rau cov khoom tov.

Thaum sib tov ua tiav, cov tshuaj raug nchuav rau hauv pwm. Lawv tau lubricated ua ntej (feem ntau yog tshwj xeeb sib xyaw, tab sis qee zaum siv cov roj cav tov). Thaum ob peb hnub dhau los, cov khoom raug tshem tawm ntawm daim ntawv. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, koj yuav tsum tau tos ntev me ntsis. Tseem ceeb: qib muaj zog tag nrho tsuas yog muab rau hnub 28, thiab ua ntej lub sijhawm no cov thaiv tsis haum rau kev tsim kho. Cov tes ua piv txwv tsis tshua zoo. Yog, hais txog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, lawv zoo ib yam li cov uas tau ua ntawm kab tsis siv neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, geometry tuaj yeem nyuaj tswj.

Dhau li, thaiv cov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom hauv tsev yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua . Txij li kev tsim khoom xuas tes ua tsis tau tswj los ntawm leej twg, koj tsis tuaj yeem cia siab rau qhov raug thiab yam ntxwv tseeb. Kev nias ua haujlwm zoo dua. Hauv qhov no, qhov kev daws teeb meem tuab thiab tuab tau npaj. Lawv sim ua kom cov concentration ntau ntxiv ntawm cov cement, thiab, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, txo cov dej. Lub vibrating xovxwm maj mam coj cov muaj pes tsawg leeg mus rau ib nrab qhuav zoo. Tab sis ntawm chav kawm, yuav tsum tau ziab ntxiv rau hauv lub txee tshwj xeeb.

Ntau yam

Cov cua sov rwb thaiv tsev PSB muaj qhov ntom los ntawm D150 txog D225 . Lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv no feem ntau yog B2. Nws tuaj yeem siv los thaiv cov thav duab, ru tsev, nthab. Cov cua sov-rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov txheej txheem sib txawv sib txawv ntawm D250 txog D350, suav nrog D300. Hauv qhov no, lub zog yog yam tsawg B0.5.

Cov khoom siv no haum rau kev tsim cov lintels hauv qhov rai thiab qhov rooj qhib . Nws kuj tseem xav tau ua cov muab tub lim rau phab ntsa sab nrauv (nrog rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav). Cov txheej txheem thiab kev tiv thaiv cua sov yog tsim rau tsim cov kab yas ntev. Lawv tab tom hloov cov khoom siv yooj yim rau cov phab ntsa uas muaj lub nra hnyav ntawm cov tsev qis. Txuj ntom ntom los ntawm D400, qib zog yuav tsum tsis txhob hnyav dua B1.5.

Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau kev ua vaj tsev polystyrene tau kho hauv GOST 33929-2016 … Tus txheej txheem no sau tseg qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov tsis kam tiv taus qib ntawm cov khoom siv tib yam li nws tau ua tiav rau aerated qhob hardened hauv autoclave. Cov txheej txheem tau piav qhia meej dua hauv GOST 33159. Cov qhab nia hauv qab no tau tsim los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntom ntom (hauv kev nqis nqis nqis):

• D600;
• D550;
• D500;
• D450;
• D400;
• D350;
• D300;
• D250;
• D200;
• D175;
• D150 (cov qhab nia zoo sib xws tau qhia rau nthuav dav polystyrene qhob)

Chaw tsim tshuaj paus

Kev tso tawm cov khoom siv no hauv Russia tau ua los ntawm ntau lub chaw tsim khoom thiab chaw tsim khoom. Piv txwv li, kev lag luam tshwj xeeb hauv cheeb tsam Sverdlovsk, tau ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 2001. Lwm qhov chaw tsim khoom raug xa mus rau hauv nroog Rechitsa (Ramensky District, Moscow Region). Lub tuam txhab cog lus nruj ua raws li GOST cov tseev kom muaj, ntau qhov ntau thiab qhov tsis tau pom dua ua tau zoo. Koj tuaj yeem xaj ob qho tib si rau ib tus neeg thiab cov phaj, thiab cov lintels.

Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov tuam txhab:

• "BlockPlastBeton";
• lub tuam txhab "Tsev sov";
• LLC NPK Kev Tsim Kho Tshuab;
• Portlant;
• LLC Pobedit-Stroy;
• Ochakovsky cog cov khoom cog;
• LLC "Ermak";
• LLC "Bastion".

Cov khoom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thov

Cov pob zeb nthuav dav polystyrene tau dhau mus thoob plaws thaum tau txais cov khoom nqa hauv cov qauv tsim qis. Nws kuj tseem xav tau ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub. Cov qauv tsim no tuaj yeem siv rau:

• tsev pheeb suab;
• cov tsev me me;
• da dej;
• kev tsim tawm;
• cov chaw nres tsheb.

Rau cov tsev nyob ib txwm muaj, cov phab ntsa nrog tuab ntawm 25 cm yog txaus (yog tias peb tsuas yog ua los ntawm kev txiav txim siab txog kev tiv thaiv siab tshaj plaws). Txawm li cas los xij, lub zog tsis txaus hauv feem ntau yuam kom siv kev txhawb nqa.

Ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv uas yuav tsum tau ua yog tsim kom muaj kev txhawb nqa txoj siv sia nyob ib puag ncig ntawm phab ntsa. Txoj hauj lwm no yog ua ua ntej tso hauv pem teb thiab ua cov haujlwm vov tsev.

Polystyrene qhob raws li cov cua sov rwb thaiv tsev yog siv raws li:

• screeds hauv pem teb;
• brickwork thaub qab;
• muab cov kab noj hniav hauv qab nthab.

PSB kuj tseem xav tau thaum tsim cov tsev tsis sib xws. Ib qho piv txwv zoo yog kev nchuav lub tais dej rhaub; qhov no, dej kub yuav nyob ntev dua thiab ruaj khov dua. Cov phaj PSB xav tau rau kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv monolithic. Lawv tau tsim los ntawm cov chaw lawv tus kheej. Kev nchuav ua tiav sab hauv lub ntsej muag los yog rau hauv cov qauv phab ntsa. Qhov kev daws teeb meem no yog ntau zaus yooj yim dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li kev siv cov khoom sib tov sib xyaw ua ke. Tau kawg, cov ntsia hlau rau polystyrene qhob thaiv muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv.

Cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv no tsis tso cai rau siv rauj rauj … Nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv lub laum hluav taws xob, ntu ntawm qhov laum yuav tsum tsawg dua li ntu ntawm lub laum siv. Qhov ntev ntawm cov dowels thiab cov ntsia hlau yuav tsum yog yam tsawg 6 cm. Tsuas yog cov khoom me me, tsis pub ntau tshaj 20 kg, yuav tsum tau teeb ntawm lub teeb dowels. Cov qhob polystyrene kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv ua lub dav hlau qis ntawm chav sov. Nrog tuab txog 20 cm, tsis tas yuav tsum muaj rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv dej tseem yuav tau siv.

Tseem ceeb: tso ncaj qha rau hauv av tsis muaj txiaj ntsig - qhov no, cov nas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau . Thaum pib, txheej txheej ntawm cov ntoo yog siv los ntawm 5 txog 6 cm. yog li ntawd, txheej txheej nruj nruj yuav tig tawm tsuas yog tias koj tsis tso nws tseg.

Hauv pem teb ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no ntau zaus sov dua li cov qhob huv huv. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nws, koj tuaj yeem nteg tawm parquet, laminate, ntau hom npe ntawm linoleum. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws ua tau yam tsis tau tso cov cav thiab tsim cov plank plag tsev.

PSB nws tus kheej yuav tsum yog lub tswv yim zoo rau pawg rwb thaiv tsev cua sov. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov qib sib zog - txog li 350 kg rau 1 m3 suav nrog. Nyob hauv thaj chaw nyob, nws raug tso cai los txhim kho cov vuas lossis lwm qhov kev ua tiav tiav ncaj qha ntawm cov khoom siv tsim kho. Tab sis hauv cov nkas -las, kev cob qhia, chaw dai khaub ncaws thiab lwm yam, yuav tsum muaj lub hauv paus muaj zog dua . Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm txheej txheej ntawm 400 - 600 kg rau 1 m3, taw qhia cov laug cam lossis ntau dua ib txwm plywood yog thawj zaug tso. Kev siv cov lintels txhawb nqa tus kheej yog qhov raug rau cov tsev uas ntseeg tau, ua haujlwm tau ntev.

Cov tsev lawv tus kheej tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov cib, aerated qhob, ntoo ua vaj tsev. Kev daws teeb meem zoo sib xws yog siv tau, txawm li cas los xij, hauv ntau lub tsev nyob hauv tsev uas tsim los siv thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis. Jumper qhov ntau thiab tsawg tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov kev thov tshwj xeeb. Hauv qee kis, daim ntawv tsim los ntawm PSB. Hauv qhov hloov pauv tsis tau, nws qhov ntom yuav tsum yog 200-250 kg rau 1 m3. Xws li kev daws teeb meem yuav tshem tawm yuav luag txhua qhov txwv ntawm qhov siab ntawm cov tsev uas tab tom tsim kho. Qhov xav tau tsuas yog siv cov khoom siv zoo thiab ua raws li kev ua raws li cov qauv txheej txheem kev co.

Hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, siv cov pob zeb polystyrene los tsim qhov chaw dig muag . Cov tshuaj no zoo kawg nkaus insulated thiab txhim khu kev qha heev. Qhov dav ntawm thaj chaw dig muag sov yuav tsum ntau dua qhov tob ntawm txheej khov. Thaum siv lub hauv paus ntiav, lawv tau coj los ntawm qhov tob ntawm khov hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb no. Qee zaum koj tseem yuav tsum tau siv cov kev pabcuam ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav geophysical.

Tab sis ntau npaum li cas feem ntau polystyrene qhob tseem siv rau phab ntsa . Thiab hauv qhov no, qhov siab tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau them rau xaiv cov kua nplaum. Qhov zoo tshaj, koj yuav tsum tsom mus rau kev tsim tshwj xeeb. Yog tias koj sim tso cov thaiv rau ntawm cov tshuaj khib, feem ntau ntawm lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo yuav ploj lossis txo qis. Cov polystyrene nthuav dav yuav tsum suav nrog cov kua nplaum. Cov khoom no feem ntau yog lub luag haujlwm los txhim kho cov khoom siv hydrophobic ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Dilute qhuav hmoov hauv dej thiab do kom huv si kom tsis muaj qhov seem.

Thaum tsim PSB hauv qee qhov pom tau zoo, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv lub twj tshwj xeeb thiab tib lub tov khoom. Cov khoom siv sib xyaw yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem duav. Txog koj cov ntaub ntawv: ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo ib yam, ua ntu zus thiab ua npuas dej ua ke, nrog rau cov khoom ua si, feem ntau tsim tawm. Chav sib tov yuav tsum tau ntxuav txhua hnub. Cov kabmob yuav tsum tau lubricated yam tsawg ib zaug txhua 7 hnub.

Lub twj tso kua mis gerotor (aka ntsia hlau) feem ntau siv. Raws li thev naus laus zis, qhov loj me me hauv cov tshuaj yuav tsum yog qhov siab tshaj 5 mm. Lub rotor yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ntawm ib lub axis nrog pub auger.

Feem ntau, cov khoom siv tau npaj tiav rau kev ua haujlwm thiab tsuas yog xav tau txuas nrog lub hauv paus. Tsis muaj lwm yam cuab yeej xav tau lossis siv tsawg heev.