Ua Tiav Nrog Dagestan Pob Zeb (47 Duab): Ntsib Lub Phab Ntsa Ntawm Lub Ntsej Muag Ntawm Lub Tsev. Yuav Ua Li Cas Lo Lub Ntsej Muag Pob Zeb Ntawm Lub Npuas Ua Npuas Ncauj Thiab Lwm

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Ntawm qhov ntau yam loj ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiav, Dagestan pob zeb sawv sib nrug. Lub tsev ntawm lub tsev, ntsib nrog cov pob zeb ntuj tsim los ntawm xwm nws tus kheej, yuav saib tshwj xeeb thiab muaj kev hwm, thiab yuav khaws nws qhov kev nyiam rau ntau xyoo. Hauv tsab xov xwm, peb yuav nkag siab dab tsi yog zais hauv qab lub npe "Dagestan pob zeb", nws muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo li cas thiab vim li cas qee zaum nws raug nquahu kom xaiv qhov nws nyiam.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Pob zeb Dagestan yog lub npe ntawm ib pab pawg ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj uas, tom qab ua tiav, yog cov saw ntoo rau lub ntsej muag lub tsev. Pawg no suav nrog hom pob zeb hauv qab no.

Limestone … Feem ntau thiab pheej yig hom pobzeb tau los ntawm kev ua cov organic pob zeb khib nyiab. Nws yog te-resistant, tab sis muaj peev xwm nqus dej noo, yog li nws xav tau hydrophobization.

Plhaub pob zeb … Tib limestone, tab sis los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub hiav txwv. Hauv nws cov qauv, daim lossis txawm tias lub plhaub me me tuaj yeem pom meej. Nws tau nce kev tiv thaiv tshav kub, yog li nws feem ntau siv rau ntsib lub qhov cub. Nws kuj yuav tsum tau kho kom tiv thaiv nws los ntawm ya raws.

Pob zeb … Cov khoom siv ntuj, ua los ntawm qhov nws tus kheej. Nws tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom me me (feem ntau yog quartz) khi los ntawm alumina. Tsis tsuas yog lub ntsej muag tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov xuab zeb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus me me - mantels, txee, arches, gazebos.

Muab khoom plig rau nws qhov tshwj xeeb kev ntxhib los mos, uas nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev dai kom zoo nkauj.

Dolomite … Cov khoom siv hauv tsev zoo tshaj plaws nrog lub zog siab, tab sis yooj yim rau ua haujlwm nrog. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau kev ua tiav ob lub ntsej muag thiab plinths. Me ntsis zoo li marble, muaj matte sheen ntawm qhov chaw. Qee hom qiv lawv tus kheej rau polishing.

Feem ntau, nws yog pob zeb pob zeb uas siv hauv kev tsim tsev. Ntau pua xyoo dhau los, kev kho lub ntiaj teb tau hloov pauv, cov pob zeb tau mus hauv dej lossis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, hiav txwv nthuav tawm pob zeb. Lub plhaub pob zeb tau ntxhia pob zeb thiab rhuav tshem los ntawm kev yaig. Raws li qhov ntuj tsim "ua", cov phaj tau tsim uas yooj yim txiav, tau nce lub zog thiab cov yam ntxwv txuag hluav taws xob.

Cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog siv hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm Russia - nyob rau sab Hnub Tuaj, Crimea, Urals thiab koom pheej ntawm Dagestan

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm pab pawg Dagestan thiab lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm pob zeb yog raws li hauv qab no:

• hauv cov qauv, nws yog pob zeb ntom ntom thiab muaj zog dua, vim qhov uas nws qiv nws tus kheej zoo dua rau kev txiav thiab sib tsoo;
• tau khawb av hauv thaj tsam roob ntawm Caucasus thiab hauv cov dej ntiav ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Caspian;
• Cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau qhia pom tias Dagestan cov tsiaj tsis muaj keeb kwm hluav taws xob, uas qhia tias lawv ua tiav kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.

Cov xim palette ntawm Dagestan pob zeb yog qhov sib txawv heev: xuab zeb ntxoov ntxoo thiab nplua nuj beige, yuav luag dawb thiab nrog cov xim pinkish, kaus ntxhw thiab nyiaj grey. Ib qho ntxiv, txhua qhov slab muaj cov qauv sib txawv thiab cov leeg hauv nws qhov kev ntxhib los mos uas tsim tawm cov xim tseem ceeb thiab muab pob zeb zoo nkauj tiag tiag.

Pros thiab cons

Txhawm rau kom nkag siab ntau dua ntawm Dagestan pob zeb, xav txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm txhua yam.

Limestone

pros

• cov xim dawb muab lub tsev, ua tiav nrog cov khoom no, tiag tiag aristocratic thiab saib taus (qhov me me daj daj ntawm lub pob zeb pom tsuas yog los ntawm qhov ze tshaj plaws);
• lub cev hnyav cov khoom siv tso cai rau koj siv nws rau sab nrauv thiab sab hauv sab hauv phab ntsa cladding, ntawm cov qauv nqa khoom thiab lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev;
• haum txig los tsim cov duab puab, cov pob zeb, pob tw, kab thiab cov duab .

Rho tawm - tsis haum rau tiling pem teb npog.

Plhaub pob zeb

Zoo

• lub cev hnyav, tsis thauj khoom phab ntsa;
• tuaj yeem siv ua cov ntaub npog (piv txwv li, ntawm lub sam thiaj thiab lub sam thiaj);
• yog cov khoom "ua pa", tsis khaws noo noo;
• txiav tau yooj yim, siv cov duab.

Qhov tsis zoo - tsoo nrog kev ua tsis raug thiab tsis saib xyuas.

Pob zeb

pros

• tus nqi qis;
• yooj yim ntawm kev ua;
• qhov ntxeem tau txawv txawv
• tuaj yeem siv ob qho tib si rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj phab ntsa thiab rau kev tsim cov qauv tsim vaj tsev: kab, arches, railings, kheej kheej.

Qhov tsawg

• siab porosity tswj kev nkag mus rau noo noo;
• koj yuav tsum kho cov phab ntsa nrog qhov tshwj xeeb impregnations txhua txhua 5-6 xyoo kom cov nag los ntawm phab ntsa thiab tsis nqus;
• tsuas yog siv rau qhov chaw ntsug.

Dolomite

Zoo

• siab tshaj plaws hnav tsis kam ntawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no;
• vim nws lub zog nce ntxiv, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau kev tig mus rau hauv qab daus, hauv paus;
• kev nqus dej tsawg tsawg tso cai rau koj siv cov khoom yam tsis tau kho dua ntawm phab ntsa;
• tseem tuaj yeem siv los tsim txoj hauv kev hauv vaj.

Qhov tsis zoo - vim nws lub zog thiab qhov hnyav siab, nws tsis haum rau tsim cov khoom siv hauv vaj tsev.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia ob peb lub ntsiab lus ntxiv uas cuam tshuam nrog ib qho ntawm cov npe teev tseg:

• yog tias lub pob zeb pib dub dua lub sijhawm , cov nplaim yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv ya raws - cov tshuaj tua dej;
• mounting nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb raws li txhua txoj cai, coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov nuances ntawm cov khoom hnyav (yog tias cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov phaj ntsej muag pib tawg thiab flake tawm, qhov no qhia tau tias kev teeb tsa tsis raug);
• tsis txhob cia siab rau qhov ua kom muaj cua sov tsawg ntawm pob zeb thiab txuag hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev - pob zeb yog cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj thiab tsis koom nrog rwb thaiv tsev phab ntsa.

Variants ntawm kev siv hauv facade décor

Rau cov neeg ntawm Caucasus, cov tsev ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ntuj yog qhov kev coj noj coj ua ntev, hauv paus hauv qhov tob ntawm ntau pua xyoo . Hauv cheeb tsam roob, koj tseem tuaj yeem pom qhov tawg ntawm cov fortresses uas tau ua los ntawm Dagestan pob zeb ntau pua xyoo dhau los. Txawm hais tias muaj qhov qub dhau los, ntau qhov ntawm phab ntsa tseem nyob hauv lawv daim ntawv qub, uas qhia txog qhov ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv no. Tam sim no, lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag nrog Dagestan pob zeb tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam heev. Qhov kev tsim no tuaj yeem kho lub tsev hauv ib qho qauv zoo nkauj. Pob zeb cladding yuav ntxiv kev sib thooj thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ib zaj dab neeg ntiag tug. Cov tsev zoo nkauj yuav ntxiv cov neeg tseem ceeb thiab kev hwm.

Yog tias xav tau thiab muaj nyiaj txaus, lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tsev tuaj yeem dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov pob zeb pob zeb, cov paj ntoo, cov ntsiab lus xav tau, cov pob zeb, lub sam thiaj thiab kab

Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj hauv kev hauv vaj, qhov chaw tso dej, lub tais rau ntawm tus ncej thiab lub txaj paj uas muaj kab nrog Dagestan pob zeb tuaj yeem dhau los ua kev tsim vaj tsev txuas ntxiv ntawm lub ntsej muag dai kom zoo nkauj - xws li kev daws teeb meem yuav tsim ib pawg toj roob hauv pes.

Pob zeb décor mus zoo nrog ntau yam coj tus yam ntxwv:

• rustic;
• pov thawj;
• Mediterranean.

Lub ntsej muag nrog Dagestan pob zeb ua kom haum haum rau niaj hnub loft style, thiab txawm tias yog qib siab . Ib qho ntxiv, yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem kho kom zoo nkauj tag nrho lub ntsej muag nrog pob zeb, koj tuaj yeem kho nws tus kheej cov ntsiab lus - lub sam thiaj sam thiaj, qhov rai thiab qhov rooj qhib, lub plinth, lub kaum ntse ntse thiab cov kauj ruam. Cov txheej txheem no yuav txuag tau tus nqi ntau, tab sis tib lub sijhawm muab qhov qub zest rau sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev.

Txoj kev teeb tsa

Ua ntej mus ncaj qha rau kev teeb tsa pob zeb slabs, koj yuav tsum npaj cov nplaim ntawm lub ntsej muag. Kev xaiv txoj kev npaj yuav nyob ntawm cov khoom siv uas lub tsev tau tsa. Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem ua tau:

• aerated qhob;
• ua npuas ncauj thaiv;
• cib;
• hlau;
• ntoo.

Ntawd yog, pob zeb Dagestan haum rau txhua hom facade cladding, tab sis txhua cov ntaub ntawv xav tau qee yam kev npaj . Yog li, cov av uas muaj plua plav (piv txwv li, gypsum) tau npog nrog cov kua dej ua ntej, cov pob zeb tau plastered, iav thiab hlau ntxaij tau siv rau tsob ntoo. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho nws ntawm lub rhaub.

Muaj ob txoj kev teeb tsa siv:

• hlau profiles;
• kua nplaum (kua nplaum-ua npuas ncauj).

Thawj txoj hauv kev tau txiav txim siab raug nqi ntau dua rau feem ntau ntawm qhov chaw - nws yuav tso cai rau huab cua nkag mus los ntawm cov txheej txheem, tsis xav tau lub tiaj tiaj tiaj. Txoj hauv kev thib ob yog ib txwm muaj thiab tsis txawv ntau los ntawm kev teeb tsa ib txwm ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag nrog kua nplaum.

Ntawm cov hlau profile

Kev teeb tsa thev naus laus zis yuav yog raws li hauv qab no

• Kev tsim cov cim ntawm phab ntsa . Txhawm rau pib nrog, kos cov cim ntsug - cov ntawv qhia yuav txuas rau lawv ntawm qhov deb ntawm 60-80 cm.
• Raws li daim ntawv thov, lub qhov yog drilled rau cov khoom siv .… Cov tom kawg tau teeb tsa nyob deb ntawm ib nrab ntawm ib 'meter' ntawm ib leeg.
• Txuas cov kab ntsug siv cov thauj tog rau nkoj . Kab rov tav tau teeb tsa rau lawv (lawv qhov dav yuav nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov pob zeb pob zeb).
• Ntawm lub crate tiav lub pob zeb Dagestan nws tus kheej tau tsau.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb coj mus rau hauv tus account tias yog cov vuas muaj ntau qhov sib txawv, tom qab ntawd kab txaij kab rov tav tsis tau teeb tsa ib zaug, tab sis raws li txhua lub ntsiab lus tau tso.

Rau kua nplaum tov

Txhawm rau "muab" cov pob zeb ua pob zeb rau ntawm cov kua nplaum, koj yuav tsum xub kho lub ntsej muag hlau zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntsej muag. Ntawm txhua square meter, lub mesh tau tsau nrog dowels nrog cov khoom txuas (ntsia hlau, ntsia hlau). Tom qab kev txhim kho lub mesh, cov kua nplaum tov yog sib xyaw.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no thaum txhim kho nrog kua nplaum

• Cov kua nplaum qhuav sai sai , yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau pib tam sim tom qab npaj cov sib xyaw.
• Hauv qab ntawm phab ntsa, qhov pib bar tau tsau ua ntej . Nws yuav tso cai rau koj kom zam kev ua yuam kev thiab teeb cov vuas sib npaug.
• Grouting tau ua tiav tom qab tso txhua txheej, thiab cov tshuaj khib nyiab ntau raug tshem tawm tam sim ntawd … Txwv tsis pub, tom qab qhov sib tov tau qhuav, nws yuav muaj teeb meem heev ua, nws yuav siv sijhawm ntev.
• Mounting pib los ntawm sab saum toj ntawm lub ntsej muag kom cov kab uas twb tau tso lawm ntawm cov vuas tsis tau qias neeg.
• Thaum txhim kho cov vuas, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam qhov nrug ntawm 4-6 hli rau cov pobzeb sib koom . Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv kev o thiab tev ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm kub heev.

Lub installation txheej txheem tsis nyuaj, kev teeb tsa ua tiav hauv ob kauj ruam

• Ib txheej tuab tuab txaus ntawm cov tshuaj khib yog siv rau qhov npaj tau - lub mesh yuav tsum tau muab faus tag rau hauv. Hauv qhov no, cov nplaim tsis tas yuav tsum tau qib, vim qhov tshwm sim "nyem" yuav pab txhawb rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov nplais rau ntawm phab ntsa.
• Cov kua nplaum kuj tseem siv rau cov nplais vaj huam sib luag , tom qab uas nws tau thov tam sim ntawd rau saum npoo, tig me ntsis los ntawm ib sab mus rau sab, thiab tom qab ntawd tapping rau ntawm cov nplais nrog lub pob zeb nrog lub taub roj hmab kom zoo dua hauv kev daws teeb meem.

Tom qab kev teeb tsa ua tiav, cov pob qij txha tau raug xuab zeb, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov kev ua tiav tiav tau ncua rau ib pliag kom tso cov kua nplaum kom qhuav kom zoo. Hauv huab cua sov tshav ntuj, qhov no yuav siv 4 hnub, nyob rau lub caij ntuj nag los yog lub caij nplooj zeeg, koj yuav tau tos tsawg kawg ib lub lim tiam.

Tom qab lub sijhawm no, qhov yuav tsum tau kho cov pob zeb slabs nrog cov tshuaj tua dej tau ua tiav.

Npog cov ces kaum

Tso cov nplais vaj huam sib luag rau ntawm ib sab ntsug yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm, tab sis tsis yog txhua qhov. Tseem muaj cov ces kaum ntawm lub tsev, uas, yam tsis muaj kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntxiv, yuav tsis tsuas yog ua rau pom lub tsev zoo li qub, tab sis tseem tsim qhov chaw tsis tsim nyog ntawm kaum kev sib tshuam.

• Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev teeb tsa dav dav ntawm cov hlau hlau, L-puab cov ntsiab lus tau siv . Lawv raug teeb tsa ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm lub tsev los ntawm txoj kab ke. Cov vuas me me tau muab tso rau ntawm cov hlau zoo li no. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov sib piv thiab ua kom lub tsev zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb, cov ces kaum tuaj yeem xaiv los ntawm cov pob zeb uas sib txawv xim los ntawm cov masonry tseem ceeb.
• Thaum siv cov kua nplaum daws hauv cov txheej txheem teeb tsa, koj yuav tsum mus rau qee qhov kev dag thiab dag . Qhov no tuaj yeem tsim kab pseudo-kem (cov ntawv uas tsim lub ces kaum yuav nthuav tawm qhov tseem ceeb tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm phab ntsa). Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov masonry tsis sib xws feem ntau siv, thaum ntev dua thiab cov ntsiab lus luv dua hloov pauv ntsug.

Ob peb lo lus hais txog hydrophobization

Cov txheej txheej txheej nrog cov pob zeb ntuj nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm cov haujlwm tsim kho no . Raws li tau hais los saum no, feem ntau ntau yam ntawm Dagestan pob zeb zoo li nqus dej noo, thiab qhov no thaum kawg ua rau cov xim dub ntawm qhov chaw, puas tsuaj ntawm cov vuas, pom cov fungus, pwm. Kev kho nrog tshuaj tua dej yog ua nruj me ntsis tom qab qhov kawg ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, cov impregnation yog nqa tawm tom qab cov kua nplaum tau qhuav tas.

Piv txwv zoo nkauj

Tus hlob Lub fortress Derbent Nyob rau hauv koom pheej ntawm Dagestan, nteg tawm ntawm Dagestan pob zeb.

Classic tsev loj dai kom zoo nkauj nrog pob zeb Dagestan - ntxim nyiam aristocratic thiab kev hwm ntawm chav kawm khoom kim heev.

Rustic … Lub tsev, ntsib nrog lub pob zeb ntuj, tsuas yog qhov ua piv txwv ntawm qhov kev ua phem no nrog sau tseg ntawm ntuj tsim thaum ub.

Provence … Lub tsev zoo nyob hauv tsev "ua los ntawm pob zeb" ua ke nrog cov ntoo thiab cov paj ntoo ua paj ntaub tsim cov cua nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Fabkis.

Mediterranean … Ntawm no pob zeb yog cov classic ntawm cov style. Hauv lub tshav puam zoo li no, koj tau txais kev xav tias koj nyob hauv tebchaws Greece lossis Ltalis, thiab qee qhov ze ntawm lub tsev dej hiav txwv sov tau txaws.

High tech . Lub tsev tsis muaj tsev nyob niaj hnub no tsis puas tag nrho los ntawm cov pob zeb cladding - theej, nws ntxiv qee qhov kev ruaj khov thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.