Bituminous Emulsion: Txoj Kev Primer Rau Asphalt Crumb, Waterproofing Thiab Lwm Yam Haujlwm. Kev Siv Ib 1 M2 Raws Li GOST. Muaj Pes Tsawg Leeg Thiab Ntom Ntom, Tshwj Xeeb Lub Ntiaj

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41

Bituminous emulsion yog cov kauj ruam tom ntej hauv kev txhim kho kev tsim cov bitumen-building coatings. Tom qab cov bitumen yooj yim thiab cov khoom siv vov tsev, cov bitumen-emulsion muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem txo qis kev siv tar uas tau los ntawm cov roj los ntawm tib hom thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Ua ntej yuav khoom bitumen emulsion, ib tus neeg muag khoom twg yuav muab kom paub cov yam ntxwv thiab cov cai ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev no. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg bitumen-emulsion yog sib xyaw ntawm bitumen, dej thiab cov tshuaj reagent uas txhawb kev tsim cov qauv dej thaum tshee ua ntej siv . Cov tshuaj reagent no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov qauv ua kua, uas tsis muaj emulsion zoo li tuaj yeem ua tau.

Bitumen yog ob qho tseem ceeb nruab nrab thiab nws qib xeev. Yooj yim muab, cov kua siv ua daim ntawv "roj hauv dej" lossis "dej hauv cov roj". Ntau dua (lossis tsawg dua) muaj cov emulsifier, qhov pom tseeb ntau dua qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kua sib txawv.

Bitumen emulsion tsis hloov pauv hauv ntim - thaum qhov ntsuas kub hloov pauv, piv txwv li, ntawm 0 thiab +25 degrees . Los ntawm kev siv cov emulsion sib xyaw rau saum npoo npaj rau kev ua haujlwm, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau ntsib nrog qhov nkag siab ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no rau lub xeev ntawm thaj chaw ua haujlwm. Tom qab txheej, cov emulsion stratifies rau hauv dej thiab bitumen. Cov dej maj mam evaporates, tab sis cov bitumen tseem nyob thiab tawv. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm npog tau tus yam ntxwv, piv txwv li, lub hauv paus ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, qhov uas nws tau npaj los txhim kho phab ntsa, txhawm rau cais cov ua npuas dej / roj thaiv ntawm txhua phab ntsa los ntawm cov dej noo ntawm cov pob zeb lossis cov qauv kab txaij ntawm cov pob zeb ntxiv, tsis siv cov khoom vov tsev thiab tsis muaj cua sov zoo tib yam.

Lub npe thib ob rau BE yog cov emulsion primer.

Kev qhia tshwj xeeb

Bituminous emulsion muaj pes tsawg leeg yog siv hauv kev tsim kev lag luam. Nws yog rau kev sib xyaw ncaj qha emulsions (lub npe hu ua roj hauv dej). Hauv cov emulsion no, bitumen nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 30 txog 70% tau raug tshem tawm tusyees thoob plaws hauv tag nrho cov kem dej, bitumen hais tau me me . Rov qab emulsions-hu ua dej-hauv-roj-muaj cov dej tshem tawm hauv bitumen. Qhov feem pua ntawm bitumen yog 70-80%. Qhov ua kom tiav ntawm cov emulsion muab rau muaj dej, emulsifier, ruaj khov ntxiv thiab kua qaub.

Rau kev tsim cov bitumen emulsion, qib bitumen BND 90/130, BND 130/200 thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke tau siv. Raws li cov lus hauv qab no, bitumen yog txoj kev bitumen. Hloov chaw ntawm txoj kev yooj yim bitumen, tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj polymer-bitumen ntxiv. Cov nplaum ntawm cov tshuaj ntxiv no zoo dua li cov tshuaj yooj yim. Cov dej tau ua kom huv nrog qhov ua tau zoo - bitumen emulsion yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj lwm yam tsis huv. Txoj haujlwm ntawm emulsifier yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm cov qauv emulsion, yam tsis muaj qhov feem yuav tsis muab ib puas feem pua rov qab los.

Cationic thiab anionic surfactants tau siv los ua tshuaj ntxiv. Raws li, emulsion yuav anionic lossis cationic bitumen. Hloov chaw ntawm surfactants, cov ntxhia ntxiv kuj tseem siv, piv txwv av nplaum, hlau oxides, ntsev hauv daim ntawv ntawm carbonates thiab sulfates, ntxiv rau soot lossis cement . Siv los ua kom ruaj khov ntxiv calcium chloride aqueous tov los yog lwm cov ntsev yooj yim uas ua rau pom lawv tus kheej nkaus xwb hauv cationic emulsions. Siv ua kua qaub hydrochloric, acetic lossis orthophosphoric - ib puag ncig cov kua qaub ua rau lub xeev ruaj khov ntawm cov emulsion yam tsis tau rov sib xyaw ua ke.

Txhawm rau ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev no ua kua ntau dua, nws raug nquahu kom ntxiv cov organic hnyav thiab cov yas yas rau nws.

Kev siv tshuab ntau lawm

Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no rau kev tsim cov bitumen emulsion muab rau qhov muaj kev hloov kho cov tshuaj ntxiv uas txhim kho nws cov khoom, vim tias "emulsion" tsis yog tsuas yog cov feem bitumen thiab dej. Cov khoom siv ntxiv suav nrog cov yas, polyethylene, epoxy muab tub lim, roj hmab hluavtaws / cob, thiab lwm yam. Hloov pauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm bitumen emulsion hauv kev tsim khoom yog nqa tawm hauv ob txoj hauv kev:

1. ib qho tshuaj ntxiv uas hloov pauv cov khoom ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tau nkag mus rau hauv cov dej theem ntawm cov emulsion nws tus kheej lossis nyob rau theem ntawm nws cov kev npaj;
2. emulsifier tau nkag rau hauv qhov hloov pauv bitumen.

Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis rau kev tso bitumen nrog emulsifiers yog raws li hauv qab no . Cov nroj tsuag emulsion muaj ib ntus lossis ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua. Hauv kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog tswj los ntawm cov chaw taws teeb, uas yog tswj los ntawm tus tswv. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus txuas ntxiv muab rau ib nrab / tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb ntawm no yog lub tshuab sib tsoo colloidal. Nws nqa tawm qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom bituminous rau cov dej ua ntej kho. Tom qab ntawd cov bitumen tau sib xyaw nrog dej kom txog thaum sib xyaw ua homogeneous.

Hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, cov bitumen ua kom sov txog 160 degrees. Cov dej theem ua kom sov txog li 70. Nws yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub no uas cov emulsion siv rau ntawm nws qhov qub qub. Cov tshuaj no tsis khaws cia ntau tshaj 2 lub hlis. Cov cua kub hauv lub tsev rau khoom yog yam tsawg 5 degrees Celsius. Lub tsheb ciav hlau tau thauj los ntawm cov hlau tso tsheb hlau luam, cov thoob, tsis siv neeg sib tov sib xyaw ua rau hauv lub tank.

Kev faib tawm

Cov sib xyaw ua ke no tau muab cais ua lub hauv paus ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev tawg ntawm qhov sib xyaw . Cov tshuaj emulsion tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia mus ib txhis (rau xyoo thiab ntau caum xyoo) - nws dhau los ua kev sib cais, ci, zoo li cov xim roj qub. Cov emulsifiers suav nrog hauv cov dej bitumen raws li cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb muaj qhov sib txawv zoo, cov yam ntxwv, yam ntxwv, ntim. Cov av nyob hauv tsev thiab huab cua sov tsis yog qhov kawg uas ua rau cov txheej txheem lwj. Qhov lwj ntawm cov emulsion raug ntsuas los ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov lwj.

Raws li nws, qhov sib xyaw no yog tus yam ntxwv raws li hauv qab no:

• tawg sai heev - kev sib cais ntawm cov dej tam sim thaum npog cov av npaj rau pleev xim thiab pleev xim nrog cov khoom siv hauv tsev;
• kev puas tsuaj nruab nrab - qhov sib xyaw ua ke tau muab faib ua ob qhov sib cais tom qab sib xyaw nrog cov qauv pob zeb;
• maj mam ua kom tawg - bitumen caking yog nqa tawm tsuas yog tom qab kov (thiab nqus tau) thaj chaw loj ntawm pob zeb rau hauv tus qauv.

Nws yog qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws emulsion.

Raws li qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov emulsifying additive, bitumen emulsions tau muab faib ua cationic, anionic thiab nonionic. Hauv pasty "emulsions" cov zaub mov tau siv, hauv cov khoom muaj cov polymer-cov yas thiab lwm yam khoom siv roj carbon monoxide siab . Piv txwv, hauv cov polymeric, cov yas tuaj yeem siv tau. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev them nqi ntawm cov khoom surfactant: "emulsion" tuaj yeem ua tau zoo (cationic) thiab tsis zoo (anionic).

Kev qias neeg (raws li kev cai lij choj ntawm electrostatics) ntawm cov nqi them ntawm tib lub cim kos ua kom nrawm dua ntawm cov dej bitumen thiab kev sib cais ntawm cov dej. Cationic emulsion formulations ua haujlwm tau zoo nrog rau feem ntau cov tshuaj ntxiv thiab ntxiv rau. Tau txais ntawm cov ntxhia saum npoo av (pob zeb, cib, pob zeb ua ke, thiab lwm yam), cov sib xyaw ua ke cais cov dej - bitumen ua raws cov xim pleev xim. Qhov tshwm sim no hu ua emulsion tawg. Hauv cationic emulsions, bitumen raug tso tawm vim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov khoom siv ntawm cov nplaim yuav tsum tau txheej, hauv anionic emulsions vim yog cov dej ntws sai.

Raws li tus nqi ntawm decomposition ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ua ionic, cov khoom siv hauv tsev no tau cim raws li hauv qab no.

EBA-1

Anionic muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog kev lwj sai. Siv rau kev saib xyuas tsis ntev los no tau muab cov qhob cement thiab cov av cement. Daim ntawv thov thib ob yog ua ntej, ntxiv rau kho qhov chaw ntawm cov av nqes hav, qee hom kev kho saum npoo av.

EBA-2

Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg no, ua rau me me decomposing, tau pom daim ntawv thov rau kev npaj dub (txhaws) cov pob zeb tawg, rau kev kho cov ntxeem tau sib xyaw ua los ntawm cov carbonates. Txoj hauv paus hauv qab daim ntaub yog pleev xim nrog cov khoom no.

EBA-3

Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg EBA-3, uas decomposes rau hauv dej thiab bitumen ntawm tus nqi qeeb, yog siv rau kev npaj ntawm tshwj xeeb ntom emulsion-pob zeb hauv tsev cov khoom siv. Cov sib xyaw ua ke tau sib xyaw nrog txog li 2% txiv qaub lossis txog li 3% cov cement. Zoo haum rau kev txhim kho cov xuab zeb txav, tshem cov cement hmoov av los ntawm qhov chaw, nrog rau txhim kho txheej txheej saum toj ntawm cov av ntawm cov av ntawm thaj chaw cog qoob loo.

Hom nrov

Cov thawj coj BE rau hnub no yog TechnoNicol. Nws tau siv los ua txoj hauv kev thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tsim qauv nrog cov npe cim npe teev tseg saum toj no, Cov tuam txhab Lavxias muab BEs raws li lawv tus kheej lub npe.

Yog li, BE No. 1 los ntawm tib lub npe yog ib puag ncig zoo ib puag ncig muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov khoom siv bitumen zoo ib puag ncig ntawm cov dej-yas hauv qab yog bitumen emulsion "TechnoNikol No. 31", cov yam ntxwv uas yuav tham txog hauv qab no . Cov txheej txheej tiv thaiv dej, rau kev tsim uas BE los ntawm lub tuam txhab no tau siv, yog qhov txawv los ntawm tshav kub thiab hnav tsis kam (lawv tsis poob lawv cov khoom qub rau ntau xyoo).

Kev siv BE ntawm cov npe no rau 1 m2 tsis pub ntau tshaj 5.7 kg rau lub ru tsev, thiab tsis pub ntau tshaj 3.5 kg rau npog sab hauv txheej txheej dej tsis qab. Nws ua haujlwm zoo ib yam ntawm "kev sib tham sib tham" thiab sib raug rau lub siab raws li GOST tsis tsawg dua 4.5 atm. Cov bitumen hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis tsawg dua 60%, thiab lub peev xwm ntim tau 5% hnyav dua li cov dej tau ib yam. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tau siv rau hauv qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 5 … 30 degrees Celsius thaum txheej. Lub tuam txhab "TechnoNikol" tswj kom ua tiav lub sijhawm lav khoom hauv lub tsev rau khoom tsawg kawg rau lub hlis.

Ntawm lwm lub tuam txhab - BitumenTEK, Amdor, B2M thiab ntau qhov zoo sib xws uas tsim ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev bituminous. Kev nqus tshwj xeeb ntawm ib liter (ntom 1 dm3) - 1.05 kg.

Nws txawv li cas los ntawm bitumen?

Bitumen tsuas yog cov khoom siv astringent thiab impregnating. Nws yog siv feem ntau kub, hauv daim ntawv yaj. Qhov tsis zoo - yog tias thov maj mam rau ntau dua ib feeb, nws tuaj yeem tev tawm, txawm tias thaum lub ntsej muag yog matte thiab grainy . Bituminous emulsion tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov peev xwm no: nws tau coj mus rau hauv lub xeev siv tau nrog kev pab ntawm cov dej thiab ntxhia-organic ntxiv, thiab hauv txheej txheem txheej txheej txheej npaj rau kev ua haujlwm, tshwj xeeb nrawm tsis xav tau.

Ntshiab bitumen rau nws lub hom phiaj siv yuav tsum tau rhaub kom 100 degrees lossis ntau dua . Nws tau siv nyob rau hauv lub xeev molten rau kev tso txoj hauv qab txoj kev asphalt tshiab, thaiv cov phab ntsa los ntawm lub hauv paus (ua ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev). Sib tov bitumen hauv roj av, roj av, naphtha hloov nws mus rau hauv lub xeev ua kua. Emulsification hauv dej siv cov emulsifiers kuj tuaj yeem hloov nws mus ua cov khoom ua kua uas haum rau npog sab hauv ntawm lub ru tsev thiab lwm yam txheej txheem uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ya raws. Ntawm 30 degrees, bitumen yaj hauv txoj kev no yuav khaws cov kua hauv lub xeev.

Kev siv hluav taws xob rau kev npaj thiab siv cov emulsified bitumen muaj pes tsawg yog nce txog 50% tsawg dua - nws tsis xav tau cua sov thiab yaj.

Nws, hauv qhov sib piv rau qhov yooj yim bituminous muaj pes tsawg leeg, tau siv rau cov chaw npaj rau qhov no, txawm tias nyob hauv qhov chaw ntub, huab cua ntub . Kev nqus dej ntawm "emulsion" yog tsawg kawg ob peb zaug tsawg dua los ntawm kev sib xyaw bitumen ntshiab. Lub zog nce ntawm asphalt txias - sib xyaw ntawm cov xuab zeb, pebbles thiab bitumen emulsion (lossis cov tshuaj organic raws nws) - tsis yog nqa tawm thaum lub hauv paus txheej tshiab tau txias, tab sis vim qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub teeb roj feem. Dab tsi yog sab laug ntseeg tau nrawm nrawm hauv qab khau ntawm cov neeg hla-los ntawm thiab lub log ntawm lub tsheb.

Daim ntawv thov thaj tsam

BE tau siv nyob rau thaj chaw ntawd

1. Rau txoj hlua khi asphalt, pob zeb tawg, xuab zeb thiab lwm yam ntxiv rau txoj hauv kev. Nov yog ib qho ntawm qhov tseeb paving thev naus laus zis.
2. Thaum npog phab ntsa, lub hauv paus, qhov chaw dig muag, cov qauv txhawb nqa hlau (txhawb nqa). Tom qab evaporation ntawm cov dej, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tiv thaiv txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov dej noo ntau xyoo.
3. Raws li txheej txheej dej tsis haum rau hydraulic engineering thiab hauv av.
4. Rau zawm thiab tuav av thiab xuab zeb. Kev tshem plua plav ntawm txoj kev thiab cov chaw kuj tau ua tiav. Ua ntej tso cov asphalt, cov khoom sib xyaw bitumen tau siv rau lub txaj zeb tawg.
5. Rau kev kho ib nrab ntawm txoj kev taug kev thiab nkag mus rau txoj kev rau ntau lub hom phiaj, chaw nres tsheb. Ib qho piv txwv yog qhov tawg ntawm cov kab tawg hauv txoj kev.

Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev siv npog kev tsim kho thiab kho cov kev thiab cov tsev.

Kev txiav txim ntawm kev siv

Nws raug pom zoo kom thov BE raws li cov phiaj xwm hauv qab no

1. Cov av thiab cov khoom seem uas tsis tas siv, txheej txheej tsis zoo raug tshem tawm los ntawm qhov chaw pabcuam.
2. Qhov tawg thiab qhov chaw tawg nrog qhov khoob ntawm 3 hli lossis ntau dua yog qib los ntawm kev ua ntej.
3. Cov ces kaum ntse yog du, sib npaug, tom qab ntawd degreased nrog cov organic hnyav.
4. Npog qhov chaw npaj nrog ib tus primer (ua ntej thov muaj pes tsawg leeg). Lub sij hawm ziab yog 1-2 teev.
5. Thawj txheej ntawm BE yog siv, tom qab ntawv thib ob. Feem ntau - tsis ntxov dua tom qab 5 teev, nws yog lub sijhawm no uas txheej txheej qhuav (poob dej). Txhawm rau ua kom nrawm dua, siv tshuaj tsuag tshwj xeeb.

Txhua qhov ua-nws-koj tus kheej ua haujlwm tiv thaiv dej yuav siv sijhawm tsis pub ntau tshaj ib nrab hnub. Kev ua tiav tuaj yeem ua tiav tam sim tom qab lub sijhawm no.