Cov Kua Bitumen: Rau Cov Hauv Paus Thiab Asphalt, Cov Lus Qhia Rau Siv Rau Lub Ru Tsev Thiab Ntoo. Roj Av Txoj Kev Bitumen Ntawm MG Thiab SG Chav Kawm

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-15 04:12

Hauv ntau qhov haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho, vim muaj tus lej tshwj xeeb thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, cov khoom siv xws li kua bitumen tau siv. Nws yog siv los pab txhawb kev siv ntau yam txheej txheem thev naus laus zis hauv kev tsim cov tsev nyob thiab chaw tsim khoom, tsim cov ru tsev, tso cov raj xa dej, txoj kev thiab ntau yam kev sib txuas lus engineering.

Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no muaj qhov zoo viscosity, ductility thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv dej zoo. Thaum nkag mus rau hauv qhov hws, nrog rau ntau yam tawg hauv txheej txheej, nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov khoom siv, txhim kho hnav tsis kam thiab muab cov nplaum zoo.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Cov khoom siv hauv nqe lus nug yog asphalt zoo li nto nrog cov yam ntxwv txawv txawv. Nws tau siv hauv ntau thaj chaw, tab sis nws yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim kho. Cov kua bitumen yuav luag ib txwm siv rau kev paving txoj kev, ua cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev, thiab tseem tiv thaiv dej ntau yam khoom . Nws tau siv ob qho tib si hauv kev tsim kho cov chaw tsim khoom loj thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev.

Muaj ob hom bitumen:

• ntuj;
• dag.

Thawj yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm ntuj oxidation ntawm ntau yam roj av. Hauv nws daim ntawv dawb huv, nws tsis muaj nyob. Feem ntau, ib tus yuav tsum tau pom qee yam khoom asphalt - limestone thiab dolomite, ua kom tsis sib haum nrog cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov bitumen. Lawv tau tawg thiab, tom qab hloov mus ua hmoov, siv rau asphalt. Zoo, lossis bitumen tuaj yeem muab rho tawm los ntawm cov pob zeb.

Hom thib ob yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua khoom lag luam. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no yuav tsum muaj txoj hauv kev nqus lub tshuab nqus tsev ntawm cov pa lossis nws raug oxidation siv cua huv. Thawj qhov kev xaiv tsis tshua muaj siv vim qhov tseeb tias kev tsim khoom yog kim heev, thiab qhov thib ob yog ib txwm siv.

Cov ntaub ntawv raw zoo sib xws kuj tseem siv tau:

• rau lub hauv paus;
• asphalt;
• waterproofing;
• qhob;
• ntoo;
• txuas cov yeeb nkab.

Specifications thiab cim

Tam sim no cia peb hais me ntsis txog cov yam ntxwv zoo thiab cim npe ntawm cov khoom no, uas feem ntau muag hauv cov thoob, txawm hais tias qee zaum nws pom hauv cov kaus poom. Qhov kub nce ntxiv rau cov khoom siv no yog vim li cas nws thiaj li muag muag, nce ntxiv hauv cov yas, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv cov khoom sib xyaw bitumen. Yog tias peb tham txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas tseem ceeb rau kev siv bitumen, nws tsim nyog hais cov hauv qab no:

• kev nkag mus txiav txim siab qhov viscosity lossis ntom ntawm cov khoom;
• ductility - qhov taw qhia ntawm cov yas ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg raws li bitumen;
• thermal stability txiav txim siab qhov kub uas cov bitumen masses muag thiab cov tshuaj hla mus rau hauv lub xeev ua kua.

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom no kuj tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thaum thawj qhov tawg tshwm hauv txheej bitumen.

Yog tias peb tham txog ib yam khoom xws li cim, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum xa mus rau GOST. Raws li nws, kev sib xyaw bituminous tau muab faib ua 3 pawg nyob ntawm chav kawm thiab viscosity:

• SG 40/70, 70/130, 130/200;
• MG 40/70, 70/130, 130/200;
• MHO 40/70, 70/130, 130/200.

Kuj tseem muaj txoj kev bitumen, uas yog cim nrog cov ntawv luv BND. Niaj hnub no, 5 hom tshuaj zoo li no tau siv:

• 40/60;
• 60/90;
• 90/130;
• 130/200;
• 200/300.

Cov lej qhia txog viscosity ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Lawm, kev siv rau 1 m2 ntawm ntau hom kev sib xyaw yuav txawv.

Tsis tas li, cov kab lus hais txog 2 chav kawm ntawm kev ua cim raws li GOST raws li cov qauv raug tsim:

• maj mam tuab;
• tuab ntawm qhov nruab nrab nrawm.

Tam sim no cia peb hais ob peb lo lus hais txog txhua qeb.

Thickening ntawm qhov nruab nrab ceev

Pawg no ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog lub npe SG tau los ntawm kev ua kom muaj dej khov-hom bitumen rau txoj kev siv cov khoom lag luam roj hauv cov kua. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsim ntawm qhov hnyav thiab txoj kev ruaj khov, nrog rau kev tsim lawv cov hauv paus hauv txhua qhov chaw huab cua hauv cheeb tsam.

Maj mam ua kom tuab

Nws tau tsim los ntawm cov ntawv luv MGO, nws tau txais los ntawm cov khoom siv roj av me ntsis oxidized lossis cov khoom lag luam roj av seem lossis lawv cov khoom sib xyaw, uas yog qhov tsim nyog kom tau txais hom txias asphalt qhob thiab tsim kom muaj txoj hauv kev yooj yim, nrog rau lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev-huab cua puag ncig 2-5.

Nws siv qhov twg?

Yog tias peb tham txog kev siv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, tom qab ntawd nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj uas xav tau kom ua tiav, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj thiab thov kev sib xyaw yuav txawv

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev siv rau lub ru tsev, ntshiab bitumen tsis muaj impurities yog siv - cov txheej txheem uas tsis muaj kev cia siab, tab sis tseem nrov. Feem ntau, lub ru tsev ntawm cov tsev qub thiab lub tsev rau tsheb tau them nrog nws los ntawm qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Cov khoom siv no pheej yig thiab ua haujlwm yooj yim heev. Rau lub ru tsev, cov lus qhia rau kev siv bitumen yog ua los ntawm txheej txheej saum npoo nrog cov khoom kub. Txhawm rau ua kom nws ntws tau zoo dua, cua sov lossis roj diesel, cov roj cav feem ntau ntxiv rau nws. Kom raug cov dej bitumen rau kev tiv thaiv dej yog xav tau tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas tas li ntawm qhov xwm txheej saum npoo av. Hauv ntau hom kev tiv thaiv lub ru tsev tiv thaiv dej, bitumen yuav yog txheej nruab nrab ntawm phab ntsa thiab daim ntaub thaiv tsis tau. Txhawm rau muab cov nplaum zoo dua rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev, yuav tsum siv cov bitumen ntshiab. Kev siv cov khoom ntshiab muaj qhov tsis zoo, ntawm qhov uas yuav tsum tau hu ua tsis muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog ntawm txheej. Lub sijhawm dhau los, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam los ntawm ib puag ncig ntuj, cov av tawg, thiab txheej yuav tsum tau rov ua dua. Txhawm rau zam qhov no, cov tshuaj polymers tau ntxiv rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los siv bitumen ua ke nrog lub ru tsev xav rau lub ru tsev. Nrog kev siv qhov tseeb ntawm kev paub tshwj xeeb, cov txheej no yuav siv sijhawm ntev.

Lwm thaj chaw ntawm kev thov cov khoom siv hauv nqe lus nug yog kev tiv thaiv dej rau lub hauv paus . Bitumen feem ntau yog siv rau txheej txheej sab nrauv phab ntsa, thiab daim ntaub roj hmab-bitumen-hom tau thov rau saum-cais lossis brizol. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov dej hauv av hnyav nyob hauv qhov chaw uas lub hauv paus nyob, thiab tsis muaj kev txav hauv ntiaj teb, koj tuaj yeem siv cov txheej bitumen feem ntau siv.

Txawm hais tias qhov ua tau zoo nyob ntawm no qis dua li ntawm bituminous mastics, qhov tsis xws luag yuav raug kaw ntev ntev los ntawm kev cuam tshuam dej.

Kev tsim cov txheej tiv thaiv ntawm kab kev sib txuas lus . Cov txheej txheej bitumen-based txheej txheej yog cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb rau kev tiv thaiv cov kav dej thiab lwm yam txheej txheem ua los ntawm cov hlau faus rau hauv av. Tus neeg saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv dej loj hauv qhov no yuav yog ntau yam kev hloov pauv ntawm bitumen-based canvases. Lawv tau txuas nrog mastic lossis bitumen, uas tau thov rau cov hlau saum npoo yav dhau los coated nrog primer. Ua ntej thov cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas khi tag nrho cov ntsiab lus, nws yuav tsum tau npog cov khoom nrog cov primer. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm diluted qis-viscosity bitumen, uas txhim kho kev nplaum los ntawm kev txhaws qhov hws.

Kev tsim cov asphalt-hom pavements . Nws yuav tsum tau siv qhov zoo tshaj plaws sib xyaw bituminous uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias tshaj plaws thiab ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo. Qhov poob qis ntawm bitumen yog qhov poob ntawm nws lub zog yam ntxwv ntawm siab. Nws yog vim li no uas txwv tsis pub tsav tsheb thauj khoom ntawm ntau hom kev taug, tshwj xeeb yog thaum lub caij ntuj sov. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim cov asphalt, cov yas tau siv, uas muaj ntau yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo.

Ntshiab bitumen tsis haum rau kev ua ntoo ., yog li ntawd, tus lej tshwj xeeb raws li nws tau tsim, tshwj xeeb, bituminous mastic. Feem ntau nws yog siv los ua kev tiv thaiv dej. Qee qhov xwm txheej, mastic tuaj yeem ua raws li txheej txheej thaum txhim kho ntoo npog.

Thaum muaj qhov kub tsis txias, bitumen ua nkig, thiab thaum kub siab nws yaj . Kev xaiv cov khoom no lossis hom khoom ntawd yuav txiav txim siab los ntawm kev thauj khoom thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm kev siv. Thaum tso txoj kev loj uas cov tsheb hnyav tsav, siv cov bitumen uas tsim nyog. Tsis tas li ntawd, asphalt sib xyaw tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj pob zeb thiab xuab zeb.

Qhov sib piv ntawm cov tshuaj no nyob ntawm qhov xav tau txheej txheej. Qhov ntau cov xuab zeb thiab cov pob zeb tsawg, qhov ntau yuav du dua saum npoo.

Yuav siv li cas?

Cia peb sim txiav txim siab yuav siv cov kua bitumen kom raug thiab siv nws li cas

• Txhawm rau pib nrog, bitumen yuav tsum tau ua kom sov. Kev ua cua sov yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv kev teeb tsa tshwj xeeb, tab sis ntau zaus cov tshuaj tau ua kom sov hauv cov thoob hlau ntawm hluav taws.
• Qhov sib xyaw yuav npaj tau tam sim no thaum nws cov nplaim yog du heev, yuav luag ci, tsis muaj cov cim qhia tias ua kom sov ntau. Tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej twg nws yuav tsum tau tso cai, txwv tsis pub cov txheej yuav tawg.
• Tom qab ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau dilute qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg siv cov kuab tshuaj. Qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws hauv qhov no yuav yog roj diesel thiab roj diesel. Thawj hom tshuaj tsis yog ib txwm yooj yim mus nrhiav, yog li cov roj diesel feem ntau siv. Bitumen yuav tsum tau diluted rau lub xeev los ntawm 30 txog 70 txog 50 txog 50 nrog qhov hnyav, nyob ntawm qhov xav tau sib xws thiab huab cua kub. Yog tias qhov ntim ntawm kev ua haujlwm loj, tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj hnyav tau nchuav rau hauv bitumen, yog tias nws tsis loj, tom qab ntawd rov ua dua.
• Yog tias peb tham txog daim ntawv thov, tom qab ntawd xa cov khoom los ntawm lub ntim, nws yuav siv sijhawm li ib feeb thiab ib nrab rau qib nws. Ua ntej thov nws, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua thawj qhov kev kho mob ntawm qhov chaw uas muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav raug siv ua ntej siv. Rau qib, koj tuaj yeem siv cov menyuam, mop lossis txhuam.

Nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog los cawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab cov pob qij txha yuav tsum tau txheej zoo. Thiab thaum kaw lub ru tsev, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai kom cov bitumen tshiab, tom qab tawv, tsis tsim teeb meem rau dej kom ntws.