Bitumen Qib 90/10: Cov Yam Ntxwv Ntawm Kev Siv Roj Av Bitumen, Ntim 25 Thiab 40 Kg, GOST. Kev Siv Thiab Ntom

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41

Bitumen yog ib lub npe nrov tshaj plaws thiab siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus los ntawm Latin bitumen ("roob cob") thiab qhia txog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom, suav nrog cov roj carbon thiab lawv cov khoom siv, uas tau txais los ntawm kev ua cov roj thiab cov khoom siv roj av.

Kev siv tshuab ntau lawm

Muaj ntuj thiab dag bitumens. Cov khoom siv dag siv tau los ntawm kev ua tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom siv roj av tau pom muaj daim ntawv thov kev lag luam. Cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim tawm ntawm BN 90/10 bitumen yog tar los ntawm ob chav AVT (cov raj nqus cua rau cov roj ua kom zoo dua qub) thiab los ntawm coking units, nrog rau asphalt thiab cov khoom seem tom qab cais cais tawm.

Tam sim no, muaj ob txheej txheem thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov bitumen, raws li cov txheej txheem oxidation ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov roj ncaj qha ua kom huv nrog asphalts thiab cov roj rho tawm los ntawm txoj hauv kev:

• oxidation;
• ua ke.

Thawj txoj hauv kev yog qhov zoo dua. Tar oxidation yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pa thiab kua . BN 90/10 yog tsim los ntawm kev ua npuas dej - dhau cov pa los ntawm txheej txheej kua txhawm rau txhawm rau nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm asphalt -resinous tshuaj. Cov txheej txheem suav nrog tshuab cov khoom noj nrog cua sov kom sov li ntawm 250 degrees.

Hauv qhov no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation tshwm sim nruab nrab ntawm cov hydrogen muaj nyob hauv cov khoom siv raw thiab cov pa oxygen hauv huab cua. Cov concentration ntawm hydrogen txo qis thaum lub polymerization thiab tuab ntawm cov khoom siv raw mus rau qhov sib xws tau teev tseg los ntawm GOST rau bitumen BN 90/10 . Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom, ntawm lwm yam, yog: carbon dioxide, dej ua pa, dej ntxhia (nws muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj tsis haum muaj nyob hauv cov khoom siv raw).

Raws li lub qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm tau ntim nrog cov bitumen tiav, ib qho qauv coj los tshuaj xyuas . Yog tias cov khoom siv tau zoo raws li cov qauv, cov bitumen tau txias mus rau 170 degrees, tom qab ntawd nws tau muab tso rau hauv cov thawv ntawv los yog lub hnab ntawv, tawm mus kom txias tag nrho rau 24-48 teev. Cov txheej txheem ruaj khov zaum kawg tseem txuas ntxiv ntawm cov ntaub qhwv pob zeb.

Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, nws kav ntev txog rau hnub, nyob rau lub caij ntuj no - txog plaub.

Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm BN 90/10, qhov pov tseg tsawg heev - nws tsawg dua 1 feem pua. Cov roj cua uas tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj oxidation tau sib cais los ntawm cov pa roj carbon, thiab me me ntawm cov roj diesel feem ntau xa mus rau lub qhov cub tawg lossis tso rau hauv lub tshuab lim dej.

Bitumen muaj qhov sib xyaw ua ke, suav nrog ntau theem:

• cov khoom sib txuas uas muab lub zog hauv lub xeev tawv;
• roj av roj uas muab cov viscosity;
• stabilizers - cov pob zeb uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev nplaum.

Khoom

BN 90/10 yog koom nrog pab pawg ntawm kev tsim kho bitumen. Artificial bitumens yog cov tshuaj amorphous uas tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus melting. Lawv tiv taus cov kua qaub thiab alkalis. Ib qho khoom tshwj xeeb yog hydrophobicity. Nws yog cov cuab yeej no uas ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab thaum siv cov khoom no raws li kev tiv thaiv dej. Ib qho ntxiv, bitumens muaj tus lej ntawm lwm qhov kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb:

• yooj yim sib tov nrog cov pob zeb tawg ua feem thiab cov xuab zeb vim muaj peev xwm ua kom muag muag thiab tig mus ua kua hauv lub xeev thaum ua kom sov;
• yooj yim liquefied nrog cov kuab tshuaj (roj diesel, roj av, thiab lwm yam);
• muaj peev xwm tsim cov pob zeb dag thaum sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv ntxhia.

Tseem muaj qee qhov tsis zoo:

• nyiam ua kom mos ntawm qhov kub siab;
• tsis yooj yim ntawm qhov kub ib puag ncig;
• cov khoom siv dag zog tsawg (ua ntej tshaj plaws, lub zog thiab kev ywj pheej);
• nce nyiam kom qhuav (laus);
• tsis tiv taus roj av, turpentine, cawv thiab lwm cov organic hnyav.

Kev qhia tshwj xeeb

BN 90/10 suav nrog:

• ntxhia impurities;
• cellulose;
• roj av bitumen (feem pua yog 90).

BN 90/10 qib suav nrog:

• kev pom zoo - BN ("roj av bitumen");
• softening kub - txog 90 degrees;
• nkag mus tob ntawm rab koob (viscosity parameter hauv kev kuaj sim) - 10.

BN 90/10 yog qhov txawv los ntawm cov khoom ua tau zoo hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog ntau cov ntaub ntawv: hlau, ntoo, cib, ntuj pob zeb. Cov neeg siv khoom zoo ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv nws rau kev tiv thaiv dej tsis zoo, uas tsim ib txheej ntxiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Lub cev thiab lub cev tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom raug tswj hwm los ntawm GOST 6617-76. Piv rau cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws (piv txwv li, BN 70/30), bitumen ntawm cov npe piav qhia tsis tshua muaj dej ntws, vim qhov uas nws tau siv dav rau kev thov tsis yog ntawm kab rov tav, tab sis tseem nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntsug.

BN 90/10 tsis yog tsuas yog ua haujlwm tau zoo, tab sis kuj yog cov khoom tsim khoom lag luam: qhov nruab nrab noj yog kwv yees li 0.8-2.0 kg ib square meter ntawm cov nplaim yuav tsum tau txheej, nyob ntawm nws hom, qauv thiab tuab ntawm txheej txheej. Qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom yog 1.5 g / cm3.

Khw muag khoom BN 90/10 tuaj yeem yuav ua ob hom:

• hauv plaub-txheej ntawv hnab nrog txheej txheej silicone, qhov hnyav yuav yog 40 kg;
• hauv briquettes, ntim rau hauv 25 kg hnab ntawv.

Scope ntawm kev siv

Vim nws cov dej tsis zoo ua tau zoo, BN 90/10 bitumen tau lees paub tias yog cov khoom siv tau zoo thiab pheej yig uas tiv thaiv kom ya raws. Hauv kev tsim kho, nws tau siv los cais cov hauv qab hauv av uas siv txheej. Lawv siv cov khoom siv rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag ua kom muaj zog, lub hauv paus, rau kev teeb tsa thiab rov kho lub ru tsev, rau kev tsim cov hauv paus pob zeb rau tso cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab nrib pleb tau nchuav nrog nws.

Cov khoom siv no tau siv dav hauv kev teeb tsa thiab kho cov kav dej, cov kav dej, hauv kev tsim kho cov qhov av, cov choj, ntxiv rau hauv kev tsim kho kuv lub tsev . Nws muab kev tiv thaiv sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev tsis yog tsuas yog los ntawm pob zeb, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov hlau, ntoo thiab lwm yam khoom siv. BN 90/10 yog cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab mastic raws nws.

Ib qho ntxiv, nws yog ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev.

Cov cai thov

BN 90/10 tau siv hauv lub xeev ua kua. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws tau ua kom sov hauv cov thawv hloov pauv (thaum ua kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog hluav taws). Txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom yaj, ua ntej tso cov bitumen hauv lub ntim, nws yuav tsum tau zom, faib ua ntu. Bitumen tau siv rau saum npoo kom raug kho los ntawm kev txhuam, cov menyuam lossis cov xim txhuam. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau txhim khu kev txhim kho ntawm bitumen rau saum npoo, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom huv si ua ntej los ntawm txheej yav dhau los ntawm lub ru tsev, xuab zeb, av thiab lwm yam feem.

GOST 6617-76 tsim cov cai rau kev siv BN 90/10 bitumen:

• thaum siv hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, cov khoom tau ntim hauv cov hlau lossis cov ntoo ntoo, plywood lossis cov nruas nruas thiab ntau lub hnab ntawv hnyav txog 250 kg;
• cov khw muag khoom siv cov hnab plywood zoo sib xws lossis nruas;
• BN 90/10 bitumen tuaj yeem thauj ob qho tib si los ntawm txoj kev thiab ntawm txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau, wagons thiab qhib wagons (ntxiv rau, kev thauj mus los nyob deb li ntawm 500 km hauv cov tsheb tshwj xeeb - cov neeg nqa khoom autobitumen raug tso cai).

Txij li bitumen yog cov khoom siv sib txuas tau yooj yim (flash point - 220-300 degrees), thaum ua haujlwm nrog nws, koj yuav tsum ua raws txoj cai kev nyab xeeb ntawm hluav taws:

• siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej thiab suav nrog;
• tsis txhob tso cov bitumen uas yaj mus rau hauv daim tawv nqaij;
• thaum qhov ntim me me ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws, nws yuav tsum tau tua nrog cov xuab zeb, cov tshuaj tua hluav taws tshwj xeeb, muaj cov ntaub pua chaw lossis ntaub ntaub asbestos;
• yog tias muaj cov roj bitumen ntau, siv lub dav hlau ua npuas dej lossis dej.