2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-09 13:23
Cov pob zeb hauv pem teb (PC) tsis kim, yooj yim thiab tsis hloov pauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev hauv qee kis. Los ntawm lawv, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tsim kho lub tsheb nres tsheb, laj kab tawm hauv qab daus los ntawm lub tsev loj ntawm cov qauv, ntxiv cov plag tsev lossis siv nws ua ib feem ntawm ib lub ru tsev qauv. Zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas zoo sib xws ua los ntawm kev txhawb nqa pob zeb, xyaum ua hauv ntau thaj chaw ntawm kev tsim kho thiab teeb tsa cov kav dej hauv av, PCs muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv tus kheej. Lawv sib txawv ntawm tus yam ntxwv uas muaj lawv tus kheej tsis.
Hom phaj thiab thaj tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov
Cov plag tsev sib txawv hauv lub hom phiaj. Lawv yog nthab, hauv qab daus, cuam tshuam. Ntxiv rau, lawv sib txawv hauv cov qauv tsim:
- prefabricated: a) nqaj hlau; b) kab teeb ua los ntawm ntoo; c) vaj huam sib luag;
- feem ntau ribbed;
- monolithic thiab siv zog ua vaj tse;
- prefabricated monolithic;
- tsev pheeb suab hom;
- arched, cib, vaulted.
Vaults feem ntau yog xyaum hauv kev tsim cov tsev pob zeb hauv txoj kev qub.
Hollow core slabs
Hollow (hollow-core) PCs tau pom daim ntawv thov hauv kev tsim kho qab nthab ntawm cov pob qij txha ntawm cov plag tsev, hauv kev tsim cov khoom ua los ntawm kev ua vaj tse, thaiv phab ntsa thiab cib. Cov phaj yog xav tau hauv kev tsim kho cov tsev siab thiab cov tsev nyob ib leeg, hauv cov tsev ua tsev prefabricated thiab cov tsev prefabricated. Hollow cov khoom siv ua vaj tsev feem ntau siv los ua cov qauv nqa. Thaum tsim cov chaw tsim khoom, hollow-core txhawb nqa cov qauv ntawm cov pob zeb hnyav hnyav yog xav tau.
Txhawm rau ua kom lawv ntseeg tau ntau dua, lawv tau txhawb nrog kev txhawb nqa lossis tus qauv tshwj xeeb. Cov vaj huam sib luag no tsis tsuas yog ua lub luag haujlwm thauj khoom, tab sis kuj yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub suab rwb thaiv tsev. Hollow slabs muaj voids sab hauv, uas tseem muab lub suab ntxiv thiab rwb thaiv tsev cua sov, ntxiv rau, cov xov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tso los ntawm qhov khoob. Cov vaj huam sib luag no koom nrog pab pawg thib 3 ntawm kev ua kom tawg. Lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav - los ntawm 400 txog 1200 kgf / m2). Lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, raws li txoj cai, yog ib teev.
PKZh vaj huam sib luag
PKZH yog cov vaj huam sib luag uas feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim kho ntawm thawj cov plag tsev. Lawv cov ntawv luv yog txiav txim siab raws li lub vaj huam sib luag loj ua kom muaj zog ua vaj tse. Lawv tau ua los ntawm cov pob zeb hnyav. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog siv PKZH tsuas yog tom qab suav tag nrho - yog tias koj teeb tsa lawv ib yam li ntawd, tom qab ntawd lawv tuaj yeem hla dhau.
Nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los siv lawv rau cov tsev siab monolithic.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm hollow (hollow-core) slabs
Qhov loj me
Tus nqi kawg nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub hollow PC. Ntxiv nrog rau cov yam ntxwv zoo li ntev thiab dav, qhov hnyav yog qhov tseem ceeb.
PC qhov ntev sib txawv hauv qhov txwv hauv qab no:
- qhov ntev ntawm phaj tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 1180 txog 9700 mm;
- hauv qhov dav - los ntawm 990 txog 3500 mm.
Qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab nthuav dav yog cov tub ntxhais PCs hollow, uas yog 6 metres ntev thiab 1.5 m dav. Lub thickness (qhov siab) ntawm PC tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb (nws yuav raug qhov tseeb los hu qhov ntsuas no "qhov siab", tab sis cov neeg tsim khoom feem ntau hu nws "tuab").
Yog li, qhov siab uas hollow-core PCs tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib xws 220 mm hauv qhov loj me. Tau kawg, qhov hnyav ntawm PC tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb me me. Cov pob zeb hauv av ua los ntawm cov pob zeb yuav tsum tau nqa los ntawm lub crane, lub peev xwm nqa tau uas yuav tsum yog yam tsawg 4-5 tons.
Nyhav
Cov phaj tsim hauv Lavxias Lavxias muaj qhov hnyav li ntawm 960 txog 4820 kg. Pawg tau txiav txim siab los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb uas cov txheej txheem uas cov nplais yuav muab sib dhos tau txiav txim siab.
Qhov hnyav ntawm cov pob zeb nrog cov cim zoo sib xws yuav txawv, tab sis tsuas yog me ntsis: txij li yog tias peb ntsuas qhov hnyav nrog qhov raug ntawm ib gram, qhov no nyuaj rau ua, vim ntau yam (av noo, muaj pes tsawg leeg, kub, thiab lwm yam) tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau huab hwm coj. Yog tias, piv txwv li, cov nplais tau raug los nag, tom qab ntawv nws yuav hnyav dua me ntsis dua li lub vaj huam sib luag uas tsis nyob hauv nag.
Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm PC panels
Kev tsim cov laug cam PC yog tus nqi tau zoo, thiab cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis muab peev xwm ntawm kev tsim cov qauv hauv ntau qhov qauv sib txawv. Kev siv cov hlau txuas ntxiv hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom txhim kho cov khoom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv ua vaj tsev ntxiv - nws muab cov khoom lag luam ntxiv kev ntseeg tau thiab tiv taus txhua yam kev cuam tshuam sab nraud, thiab tseem ncua lub sijhawm nws siv. Panels ntawm PK hom tau tsim raws li 1.141-1 series. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, mus txog qhov ntev ntawm 4, 2 meters, cov mesh zoo tib yam tau siv rau lawv qhov kev txhawb zog.
Raws li qhov ntev ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag ua tiav, ob hom kev txhawb nqa tau siv:
- mesh rau cov qauv mus txog 4,2 meters;
- prestressed txhawb rau slabs loj dua 4.5 meters.
Txoj hauv kev txhawb nqa mesh suav nrog kev siv ntau hom mesh-sab saud yog ua los ntawm cov hlau hlau nrog ntu hla ntawm kwv yees li 3-4 hli, qhov qis dua tau txhawb ntxiv nrog cov xov hlau hla hauv 8-12 hli thiab ntxiv ntsug mesh daim tsim los txhawm rau txhim kho thiab ntxiv dag zog rau qhov kawg ntawm cov nplais.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ntxaij ntsug yog tsim kom muaj kev taw qhia ntev ntawm qhov nruj uas yuav tsum tau txhawm rau txhawb cov ntug heev uas cov phab ntsa thiab cov txheej txheem saum toj no ua rau siab. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev txhawb nqa no feem ntau suav tias yog kev txhim kho hauv cov yam ntxwv tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam kev thauj khoom thiab tsim nyog tiv taus kom nce ntxiv ib sab.
Hauv txoj hauv kev txhim kho cov pa, ob lub qhov muag tau xyaum . Hauv qhov no, ib sab saud yog ua los ntawm cov xov hlau ntawm VR-1 hom, thiab cov mesh qis tau txhawb ntxiv. Rau qhov no, cov khoom siv hauv chav kawm A3 (AIII) feem ntau siv.
Kev siv cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa muaj zog cuam tshuam nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntxaij lim dej sab saum toj nrog ib tus pas nrig nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10-14 hli, uas nyob hauv lub cev ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag mus rau qee qhov hauv lub xeev nthuav. Raws li cov qauv, chav kawm ntawm cov pas nrig txhawb nqa yuav tsum yog yam tsawg AT-V. Tom qab cov pob zeb tau txais nws lub zog kawg, cov pas nrig raug tso tawm - hauv cov qauv zoo sib xws, lawv lav tau qhov tsim nyog ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau seismic thiab cov tshuab kev nyuaj siab, thiab nce qhov siab tshaj plaws.
Rau kev tiv thaiv ntxiv rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib sab dhau los, mesh thav duab zoo sib xws siv, txhawb qhov kawg ntawm qhov slab thiab nws qhov chaw.
Npav thiab txiav txim siab ntawm daim hlau
Raws li GOST, txhua hom phaj muaj lawv tus kheej cov qauv. Lawv yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev teeb tsa kev teeb tsa thiab thaum tsim cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov khoom. Ib qho slab muaj cov cim - tshwj xeeb cov cim kab lus uas nthuav qhia tsis tsuas yog qhov tsis suav tag nrho ntawm cov nplais, tab sis kuj nws cov hauv paus txheej txheem thiab lub zog muaj zog. Ua tus coj los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib lub npe ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab dawb rau lwm tus, thiab tsis hais seb qhov loj me ntawm cov nplais yog tus qauv lossis ua raws li tus neeg thov.
Thawj tsab ntawv hauv qhov tshwj xeeb qhia txog hom khoom (PC, PKZH) . Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm kev sib tsoo, muaj cov npe hauv qab qhov dav thiab qhov ntev (hauv decimetres sib npaug rau tus lej ze tshaj). Ntxiv mus, ntxiv los ntawm qhov khiav ceev - qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov hnyav uas tau tso cai ntawm lub lauj kaub, hauv qhov nruab nrab ib square meter.meter, tsis suav nrog nws tus kheej qhov hnyav (tsuas yog qhov hnyav ntawm kev faib, cement screed, sab hauv cladding, rooj tog zaum, khoom siv, tib neeg). Thaum kawg, tso cai ntxiv ib tsab ntawv, lub ntsiab lus txhawb ntxiv thiab hom pob zeb (l - lub teeb, i - cellular, t - hnyav).
Cia peb txheeb xyuas qhov piv txwv thiab txiav txim siab qhov cim. Kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm PK-60-15-8 AtVt txhais tau tias:
- PC - phaj nrog puag ncig voids;
- 60 - ntev 6 meters (60 decimeters);
- 15 - dav 1.5 meters (15 decimeters);
- 8 - cov khoom siv thauj khoom ntawm qhov slab raug tso cai txog li 800 kg rau ib sq. meter;
- AtV - muaj qhov txhawb ntxiv (chav AtV)
- t - ua los ntawm cov pob zeb hnyav.
Lub thickness ntawm slab tsis tau qhia, vim nws yog tus qauv tus nqi ntawm cov qauv no (220 hli).
Ib qho ntxiv, cov tsiaj ntawv hauv cov cim muab cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- PC - tus qauv slab nrog puag ncig voids, lossis PKZh - cov vaj huam sib luag loj ua vaj huam sib luag ua vaj tsev;
- HB - kev txhawb ib leeg -kab;
- NKV - txhawb 2 -kab;
- 4НВК - 4 -kab kev txhawb zog.
Hollow core slabs tau dav siv hauv kev tsim vim lawv cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo. Kev ua tiav ntawm qhov hollow core slabs tau raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm ob tus kws tshaj lij kev tsim kho thiab ib tus neeg tsim khoom. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog xaiv qhov slab tsim los tsim kev sib tshooj hauv lub tsev siab lossis tsev ib tus neeg. Cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov kws tsim txuj ci yuav cawm koj ntawm qhov ua yuam kev.
Pom zoo:
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