Cov Khoom Siv Ntsej Muag (120 Duab): Tswv Yim-2021 Thiab Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws Cladding Rau Phab Ntsa Sab Nraum Lub Tsev, Cov Kev Xaiv Hauv Tsev

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-15 04:12

Cladding cov ntaub ntawv rau lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tsev ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv thiab zoo nkauj. Lawv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom lub tsev tsis tsuas yog ntxim nyiam thiab hwm, tab sis kuj tseem txhim kho nws cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm. Cia peb saib qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv nrov tshaj plaws rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nraum zoov.

Yuav tsum muaj thiab cov cai

Niaj hnub no, ntau cov khoom siv ntsej muag tau nthuav tawm ntawm kev tsim kho kev lag luam, sib txawv hauv kev sib xyaw, cov khoom, thiab tsos.

Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txiav txim seb yam khoom twg haum rau cov qauv tshwj xeeb.

Thaum xaiv cov khoom, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov hauv qab no rau nws qhov kev ntsuas:

• lub zog, kev ntseeg tau (lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tsev yuav raug rau hnyav, suav nrog kev puas tsuaj rau lub tshuab, yog li txheej yuav tsum tiv taus lawv);
• tiv taus ya raws (ntawm kev sib xyaw ntau npaum li cas rau kev ua kom tiav lub tsev muaj peev xwm tiv taus ya raws, nws cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm, tsos thiab ua haujlwm nyob tau zoo);
• tiv thaiv hluav taws (cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua tiav yog tsis tuaj yeem sib txuas tau, txawm hais tias qhov no tsis tshua muaj, yog li nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob suav qhov kev sib txuas uas tshwm sim thiab tso cov co toxins thaum hlawv);
• huab cua tsis kam (uas yog, tiv taus ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, feem ntau yog hluav taws xob UV);
• cov khoom cua tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv (cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb thaum xaiv cov vaj huam sib luag hinged thiab cov nplais ntsia rau ntawm cov tsev niaj hnub; cov txiaj ntsig tau ua tiav los ntawm kev tshwj xeeb xauv nrawm);

• Frost tsis kam (lub peev xwm ntawm txheej kom tiv taus khov thiab defrosting mus yam tsis poob qhov geometry ntawm cov khoom thiab kev ua tau zoo);
• biostability (muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kab tsuag, nas, tsis muaj pwm thiab mildew saum npoo);
• kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig (ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev ua tiav cov khoom thaum ntsib lub tsev hauv tebchaws lossis ib chav twg uas cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg nyob lossis nyob hauv nws ntev);
• kev pab lub neej ntev (tus tswv tsis tshua muaj kev npau suav ntawm kev hloov lub cladding txhua 2-5 xyoos, yog li cov khoom siv niaj hnub no tau tsim los rau 20-100 xyoo ntawm kev pabcuam);
• yooj yim ntawm kev saib xyuas (feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv khawm tsis xav tau kev saib xyuas tas li thiab txawm tias muaj lub peev xwm los ntxuav tus kheej, lwm tus, piv txwv li, ntoo, cuam tshuam tsis tu ncua tsis tu ncua nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb).

Yog tias peb tham txog cov qauv kev zoo nkauj, qhov no yog, ntawm chav kawm, yog qhov ntxim nyiam . Cov claddings niaj hnub no thiab cov nplais yog qhov txawv los ntawm ntau yam qauv tsim thiab textures (kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm sab nrauv yog qhov lees paub tseeb ntawm qhov no). Nyias, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom pom cov vaj huam sib luag uas ua rau lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj (pob zeb, cib, ntoo, plaster). Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim lawv kom ze li sai tau hauv lawv cov xim thiab kev ntxhib los mos rau cov khoom siv ntuj tsim.

Qee zaum, kev coj ua tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txawm tias ze rau kev tshuaj xyuas.

Sab nrauv kho kom zoo nkauj

Cov khoom siv rau kev ua tiav txiav txim siab cov txheej txheem ntawm nws kev teeb tsa, thiab yog li ntawd cov kev xaiv hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

• ntub dej (tsev sib tov tau siv);
• qhuav (cov ntaub ntawv tiav tau txuas nrog cov ntsia hlau, dowels thiab lwm yam txuas).

Nyob ntawm seb qhov chaw cua me me nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab phab ntsa, lub ntsej muag yog qhov txawv:

• qhov cua nkag (xav tias qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom thiab phab ntsa lossis rwb thaiv tsev, tsim nyog rau huab cua ncig thiab tshem tawm cov dej noo ntau dhau);
• tsis muaj cua nkag (cov khoom txuas ncaj qha rau ntawm phab ntsa).

Cov khoom siv rau kev ua sab nrauv, zoo li yam ntawm lub ntsej muag, tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus qauv. Piv txwv li, rau lub tsev uas ua los ntawm cov npuas ua npuas, qhov pom tau zoo tshaj plaws yuav yog cov cib, pob zeb lossis cov vuas facade, ua lwm yam lus, cov hlua khawm, cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov tsoos ib txwm muaj.

Rau cov tsev nyob hauv tsev, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov ntawv txheeb. Galvanized profiled daim ntawv yuav muab kev txhawb nqa ntxiv rau cov qauv, tab sis nws yuav tsis xav tau kev ntxiv dag zog ntxiv ntawm lub hauv paus.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua kom tiav cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov ntaub thaiv . Txoj cai tseem ceeb yog tias ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv yuav tsum tsis muaj nplaim taws. Yog li, rau cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj cov nplaim hluav taws tuaj yeem siv tau, koj tuaj yeem siv cov rwb thaiv tsev ntxhua khaub ncaws. Nws tsis pom zoo kom siv lawv ua ke nrog cov yas yas.

Ntub dej thiab lub teeb plaster

Hniav plaster tso cai rau koj los tsim tus nqi sab nrauv, ua kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj thiab lub ntsej muag qub, uas tuaj yeem pleev xim yog tias xav tau. Nws yog cov khoom siv ib puag ncig zoo uas tso cai rau phab ntsa "ua pa". Haum rau qhov cua nkag mus rau lub tsev, txawm li cas los xij, lub tsev xav tau lub suab sab hauv zoo thiab rwb thaiv tsev cua sov, txij li cov plaster tsis muab rwb thaiv tsev thiab tiv thaiv suab nrov. Txhua hom plasters tiv taus qhov kub hloov pauv zoo, lawv tsis ntshai ya raws thiab tshav ntuj ncaj qha.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev thov, xav tau kev npaj ua kom zoo ntawm phab ntsa (qib, kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob ua ntej, kev siv primers). Yog tias kev teeb tsa thev naus laus zis tsis ua raws, kev tawg thiab tev ntawm txheej plastered tuaj yeem ua tau.

Muaj cov hom plaster hauv qab no

Ntxhia . Hom plaster, uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua tiav phab ntsa txoj kev pheej yig tshaj, uas ua rau nws nthuav dav.

Ntawm cov yam ntxwv pom tseeb - tsis muaj qhov tsis sib xws, uas tso cai rau koj los ua ke cov khoom siv nrog rwb thaiv hluav taws.

Haum rau txhua hom nto, tab sis nrog qis elasticity. Qhov no ua rau cov kab nrib pleb tshwm tuaj thaum cov qauv nqaim, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj tsis haum rau cov tsev uas tau tsim tshiab. Lub neej ua haujlwm nruab nrab yog 12-15 xyoos.

Acrylic . Nws yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev ywj pheej siab, thiab yog li ntawd haum rau kho kom zoo nkauj phab ntsa txawm tias nyob hauv cov tsev uas tau tsim tshiab. Muaj cov ntsuas siab dua ntawm lub zog thiab tiv taus ya raws, nws qhia tau ntev dua, txog 18 xyoo, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw acrylic yog nws cov nplaim taws, yog li nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siv ua ke nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv taus, piv txwv li, cov ntxhia pob zeb. Nws yog feem ntau ua ke nrog cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev ua npuas ncauj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nplaim nyiam plua plav, thiab nws tsis tsim nyog ntxuav nws. Koj yuav tsum tau tu thiab tu lub ntsej muag tas li, lossis npaj rau qhov tseeb tias nws yuav poob sai sai nws qhov muag pom.

Silicate . Cov khoom siv nrog cov khoom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, suav nrog kev ywj pheej siab, plua plav thiab cov av ua kom tsis zoo, los nag muaj peev xwm tu tus kheej thiab ua haujlwm ntev. Qhov kawg tau nce mus txog 30 xyoo. Cov yam ntxwv zoo li no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov muaj cov iav potash hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv yog nws qhov kev ua kom nrawm nrawm, yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau thov plaster sai sai, yuav tsum muaj ib pab kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj tus txheej txheem tshwj xeeb hauv qab nws, uas tseem nce tus nqi ntawm kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm. Tus nqi rau kev sib xyaw kuj tseem loj dua.

Silicone . Cov khoom siv, uas tsis muaj qhov ua yuam kev, zoo li txhua hom plasters, muaj pes tsawg leeg tiv taus cua sov thiab te, qhov kub "dhia", cuam tshuam rau ya raws thiab ncaj qha tshav ntuj UV, yog ib puag ncig zoo thiab muaj ntxhiab tsw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm lub zog thiab ua kom muaj zog tiv taus, tsis kub hnyiab, suav nrog txhua yam saum npoo thiab rwb thaiv tsev. Qhov tsis zoo yog tus nqi siab, uas, txawm li cas los xij, yog qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm kev nce tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib xyaw.

Cov txheej txheem raug tshem tawm

Cov txheej txheem raug ncua koom nrog kev siv lub lathing uas cov khoom siv tiav tau teeb tsa. Txoj hauv kev no tau txais koob meej ntau dua thiab ntau dua, txij li nws tso cai rau koj los tsim lub qhov cua kom zoo, siv cov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm qhov xav tau tuab.

Ua tsaug rau lathing, nws muaj peev xwm zais qhov tsis xwm yeem thiab qhov tsis xws luag me me hauv phab ntsa, thiab ua kom tiav kev teeb tsa txawm tias qhov kub tsis zoo.

Lathing feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo lossis cov hlau hlau. Qhov kev xaiv tom kawg yog qhov zoo dua, vim nws tsis xav tau kev kho ua ntej ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub qhwv nrog cov hluav taws kub nyhiab thiab cov sib xyaw zoo sib xws rau ntoo.

Siding yog suav tias yog hom kab hlau rhuav phab ntsa . Nws yog lub vaj huam sib luag zoo ib yam li qhov loj ntawm cov laug cam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zawj thiab kaw lub kaw lus, vim nws tau sib sau ua ke zoo li cov menyuam tsim qauv. Hom kev teeb tsa no tso cai rau koj ua kom yooj yim thiab muaj txiaj ntsig, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm thoob plaws xyoo. Cov khoom siv tau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, suav nrog kev tiv thaiv cua-cua.

Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov khoom siv yog ntau yam sib txawv. Cov no tuaj yeem yog ob qho qauv xim (ci ntsa iab lossis nyob ntsiag to, nruab nrab matte panels), thiab ua raws li kev ntxhib los mos ntawm txhua yam khoom siv ntuj (cib, pob zeb, ntoo). Cov khoom siv tau yooj yim los ntxuav - feem ntau cov nplaim muaj qhov ua haujlwm tu tus kheej. Kev ntub dej ntawm txheej txheej tuaj yeem ua tau.

Muaj cov hom phiaj tseem ceeb hauv qab no:

Yas Nws yog raws li PVC, ntxiv rau ntau yam kev hloov pauv thiab xim. Cov vaj huam sib luag no muaj zog txaus, tab sis nrog kev ua kom muaj zog siab (poob siab) lawv tuaj yeem tawg. Cov khoom siv tiv taus ya raws, tiv taus siab thiab qis kub, lawv hloov pauv sai, thiab tiv taus tiv thaiv UV.

Qhov hnyav tsawg (txog 5 kg / sq. M) tsis xav tau kev txhawb nqa lub hauv paus. Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov tsawg ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm hluav taws.

Nws yog xim hlau . Hlau siding yog raws li txhuas lossis galvanized steel profiles. Hlau siding yog tus yam ntxwv zoo ntawm kev nyab xeeb piv rau PVC sib piv. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis, suav nrog tshwj xeeb impregnation, muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv xeb ntawm cov khoom, thiab nrog nws ua tau ntev. Nws kuj tseem qhia txog huab cua tiv taus siab, tab sis tsuas yog siv rau ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv vim qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom.

Ntoo . Cov ntoo ntoo yog pawg thawj coj lossis cov ntaub ntawv uas tau qhuav thiab kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov khoom siv tau zoo ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, vapor permeable, muaj cov cua sov ua tau zoo, thiab tiv taus kub siab.

Ntoo ntoo txiav zoo li muaj kuab heev thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.

Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias ua tiav cov ntoo ntoo nrog cov khoom sib xyaw tshwj xeeb, lawv lub neej kev pab cuam luv. Thaum ua haujlwm, siding xav tau kev saib xyuas tas li.

Fiber ntau MAAs . Cov vaj huam sib luag yog ua los ntawm cov cement mortar thiab cov cellulose qhuav, ua rau cov khoom ruaj khov, tiv taus cov khoom uas muaj suab nrov thiab cov yam ntxwv rwb thaiv tsev. Ntawm qhov zoo yog qhov cuam tshuam tiv thaiv huab cua, tiv thaiv ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag txawm tias nyob hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm tshav ntuj ncaj qha, ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj txau txau, ua kom muaj dej noo ntau. Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom txiav txim siab nws qhov hnyav (txog 25 kg / sq. M), uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv nws tsuas yog siv cov hauv paus ntxiv.

Nyias, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau hais txog cov hauv qab daus siding, npaj rau cladding qis ib feem ntawm lub tsev. Nws muaj cov tuab tuab dua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, huab cua tiv taus zoo dua thiab tiv taus ya raws, tiv taus cov khoom puas. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias hauv qab daus ntawm lub tsev feem ntau ntau dua li lwm qhov cuam tshuam rau kev poob siab thiab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj, khov, dej noo thiab lwm yam tsis zoo ib puag ncig.

Saum hauv qab daus yog cov vaj huam sib luag sib luag. Lawv qhov dav feem ntau yog sib npaug rau qhov siab ntawm lub hauv paus thiab pib los ntawm 60 cm. Qhov no ua rau yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa.

Lub ntsej muag vaj huam sib luag muaj qee qhov zoo sib xws, hais txog kev nrawm thiab cov khoom siv tau rau kev tsim khoom, nrog rau sab. Lawv tuaj yeem yog plaub fab lossis duab plaub hauv ntau qhov ntev. Qee qhov slabs muaj rwb thaiv tsev. Cov txheej txheem ntau txheej muab lawv cov khoom ua tau zoo.

Lwm qhov khoom siv hinged uas nrov tshaj yog cov vaj huam sib luag nyuaj . Lawv sawv cev "sandwich" uas "nruab nrab" ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev tau muab tso nruab nrab ntawm 2 txheej ntawm cov khoom siv tawv (feem ntau yog hlau). Lub zog thiab kav ntev ntawm cov qauv tau ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem kub nias. Sab xub ntiag ntawm "qhaub cij" tuaj yeem pleev xim rau hauv ib qho ntxoov ntxoo, ua kom du lossis muaj kev pab.

Sandwich panels tau tiv taus hluav taws thiab noo noo, nthuav tawm cov khoom cua sov zoo heev nrog qhov hnyav. Cov khoom siv tau yooj yim rau teeb tsa, thiab yog tias ib ntu cais raug puas ntsoog, tsuas yog nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv yam tsis tau hla mus rau tag nrho lub ntsej muag.

Lub qhov cua nkag tau tuaj yeem tsim tau siv cov facade cassettes.

Yog tias ua ntej lawv tau siv rau hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm hauv tsev, tam sim no lawv kuj tseem siv los kho cov tsev ntiag tug. Qhov no yog vim qhov ua tau ntev thiab ntseeg tau ntawm cov khoom, nws huab cua tsis kam. Sab nrauv, daim kab xev yog plaub fab thiab duab plaub ntawm txhuas, hlau, tsawg dua tooj liab, npog nrog txheej tiv thaiv polymer. Qhov loj thiab tsim cov kab xev tuaj yeem sib txawv.

Cladding cov ntaub ntawv: pros thiab cons

Txhua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Ntxiv mus, txawm tias nyob hauv tib hom, cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muaj cov yam ntxwv ncov qaum raws li qee yam kev ntsuas. Piv txwv li, cov cement fiber ntau thiab cov hlau tsis tuaj yeem ua hluav taws kub hnyiab, thaum cov yas yas tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus hluav taws.

Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv, ib tus yuav tsum tsom mus rau tsis yog tsuas yog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj ntawm cov yam ntxwv yam ntxwv. Yog li, rau lub tsev ntoo thiab lub cav, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov qhov cua nkag. Hauv qhov no, txawm tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab kim plaster yuav tsis zoo dua hauv nws cov yam ntxwv rau sab nrauv lossis phab ntsa.

Tab sis cov cib lossis cov tsev zeb (uas yog ib puag ncig zoo rau lawv tus kheej) yog qhov zoo dua los kho sab nrauv nrog cov hniav zoo nkauj. Ua kom zoo li qub, nws pab tshem tawm cov dej noo los ntawm lub tsev, tswj cua sov hauv lub caij txias thiab tsim kev txias txias hauv tshav kub.

Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog huab cua . Piv txwv li, kev txiav ntoo, uas muaj tus lej zoo, yuav cuam tshuam sai sai hauv thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv. Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau sheathe lub tsev nrog vaj huam sib luag lossis cov nplais. Cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj dej no yuav tiv taus cua ntsawj ntshab thiab yuav tiv thaiv kom ya raws.

Cov khoom siv niaj hnub ntsib yuav tsum tiv taus ya raws. Qee qhov chaw (plaster, sab nrauv thiab vaj huam sib luag, clinker vuas) muaj qhov nqus dej tsawg, thaum lwm tus (feem ntau hom cib) tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws.

Kev tiv thaiv ya raws ntawm cov khoom ncaj qha cuam tshuam li cas lub ntsej muag tiv taus te. Nrog kev nqus dej ntau, cov dej noo nyob hauv cov pores ntawm txheej, uas khov thiab nthuav tawm ntawm qhov kub tsawg.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov saum npoo tau npog nrog cov kab nrib pleb, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov cladding tau ploj, thiab nws qhov tsos tshwm sim.

Clinker vuas

Pom qhov muag, cov khoom siv yog cib ntawm qhov zoo. Cov khoom siv yog ua los ntawm cov av nplaum uas raug kub hnyiab. Hauv cov txheej txheem tom kawg, cov av nplaum hloov nws cov xim daj rau cov xim av, xim av, beige (nyob ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub xeev cov av nplaum thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis siv).

Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm clinker yog nws lub zog muaj zog, khov thiab av qeeg tsis kam . Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv kuj yog tus nqi siab ntawm kev tiv thaiv ya raws, tiv taus qhov kub tsis txias, kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig, thiab ntau yam kev xaiv. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim qauv ntawm lub tsev uas muaj cua nkag thiab muaj tus nqi ncaj ncees. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntau yog dav txaus: los ntawm cov qauv hwm mus rau kev lag luam.

Ntxiv rau cov nplais clinker, muaj cov vuas luaj thiab pob zeb ua vaj. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog, hnav tsis kam thiab nqus dej qis. Cov vuas pob zeb ua haujlwm tsis tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov duab, thiab muaj qhov hnyav. Cov vuas luaj ceramic yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev teeb tsa qhuav thiab ntub.

Ntuj thiab dag pob zeb

Pob zeb cladding muaj zog thiab ruaj khov. Thaum xaiv lub pob zeb ntuj, qhov no yuav tsum ua tiav coj mus rau hauv tus lej huab cua. Yog li, marble tsis haum rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj cov av noo siab, thaum limestone tsis siv rau thaj chaw uas muaj huab cua hnyav.

Lub pob zeb ntuj dhau los ua cov txheej txheem nyuaj , suav nrog nws cov kev ua kom huv, tshem tawm cov duab hluav taws xob tom qab, muab cov duab uas xav tau. Lawm, tag nrho cov no cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tiav, uas yog siab heev. Qhov hnyav hnyav ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum xav tau ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov tsev dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub pob zeb zoo saib, thiab lub ntsej muag zoo li no tuaj yeem nyob ntev txog 100 xyoo. Tseeb, nrog kev saib xyuas tas li.

Niaj hnub no, cov neeg uas xav kom kho lawv lub tsev nrog pob zeb marble yog nce siv cov khoom siv sib piv . Hais txog nws lub zog thiab hnav tsis kam, cov khoom siv no tsis zoo dua li cov ntxhia hauv ntuj, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws muaj tus nqi qis dua thiab hnyav dua, thiab yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa. Pob zeb cuav yog ua los ntawm polyester resins, hloov kho thiab xim, nrog rau cov pob zeb zoo nkauj.

Qhov kawg tau ua kom lub zog muaj zog thiab zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom, thiab cov kua nplaum muab nws cov dej noo ntau ntxiv, muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob siab, thiab muaj peev xwm tu tus kheej.

Raws li rau qhov tsos, cov khoom siv ua piv txwv saum npoo av. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws ib txwm tsis tuaj yeem tshawb pom qhov "hloov pauv" txawm tias thaum kuaj ze dua - xim thiab kev ntxhib los mos nyob ze rau qhov ntxoov ntxoo thiab cov qauv ntawm cov pob zeb ntuj. Aerated qhob los yog cib ntsa feem ntau yog zais hauv qab qhov ua tiav, tsawg dua - ntoo saum npoo.

Cib

Nws tsuas muaj cov khoom xyaw ntuj, yog li koj tuaj yeem ntseeg siab tshaj tawm nws cov phooj ywg ib puag ncig. Ntxiv mus, qhov muaj micropores hauv cov khoom siv tso cai rau phab ntsa "ua pa", uas pab txhawb kev tsim cov huab cua zoo hauv lub tsev. Ib qho ntxiv, cov khoom tsis ntshai khov, thiab khaws nws qhov kev tiv thaiv rau UV raug rau lub sijhawm ntev.

Siv ntau hom cib sib txawv thiab lawv cov masonry, nws muaj peev xwm los tsim lub ntsej muag qub thiab tshwj xeeb. Qhov loj ntxiv: yog tias ib feem ntawm lub ntsej muag puas, qhov chaw kho tau tuaj yeem ua tau. Kev pleev xim cib yog txheej txheem ua haujlwm hnyav uas yuav tsum muaj kev tshaj lij. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom siv nws tsuas yog siv lub hauv paus ruaj khov thiab tom qab ua tib zoo thaiv dej hauv qab daus. Ntawm qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb yog lub peev xwm cua sov qis.

Cib tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv kev sib xyaw thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, thiab yog li nws yog kev coj ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov hom hauv qab no.

Clinker . Lub hauv paus ntawm cov cib yog yas av nplaum, uas raug rho tawm thiab nias. Yog tias peb tham txog cov txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom, tom qab ntawd nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lwm hom cib. Kev hloov pauv clinker yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub zog ua haujlwm, tiv taus tshav kub thiab tiv taus kom ncaj qha tshav ntuj. Frost tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv yog 300 mus. Clinker cib yog tiv taus rau ib puag ncig txhoj puab heev, muaj qis coefficient ntawm dej nqus. Qhov tsis ntseeg qhov zoo kuj yog ib puag ncig zoo thiab yooj yim ntawm kev saib xyuas - nws txaus los ntxuav lub ntsej muag. Qhov tsis zoo yog tus nqi siab thiab hnyav hnyav. Lwm txoj hauv kev rau hom cib no tuaj yeem ua kom nyias nyias, thiab yog li ntawd hnyav, cov nplais clinker.

Tej hub Ntau hom cib nrog ntau yam xim thiab muaj qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntev, tiv taus kev hloov pauv kub, tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab tus nqi qis. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov dej nqus ntawm cov khoom siv hauv av tuaj yeem ncav cuag 10%, uas tseem cuam tshuam rau nws qhov kev tiv thaiv te. Yog tias limestone muaj nyob hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov no yuav ua rau muaj kev nqus dej ntau ntxiv.

Hauv qhov no, cov pob zeb lim dej yuav tshwm nyob rau hauv cov khoom tiav nrog cov xim dub ntxiv.

Nws yog ib qho ntawm ntau cov cib ceramic uas muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov ces kaum tawg thiab tsis zoo tshaj plaws, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm geometry, duab.

Hyper-nias . Lub hauv paus ntawm cov cib no yog cov cement, cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb ntxiv thiab pob zeb pob zeb, uas raug rau ib nrab qhuav nias. Pom tau, cov khoom siv nyuaj rau qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic, tab sis nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev nqus dej noo qis (nws yog nyob rau theem nruab nrab thiab yog 5-6%) thiab, raws li, tiv taus te zoo dua, ntau dua cib geometry. Cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab muaj zog no yooj yim rau nruab, txawm li cas los xij, cov cib ua rau hnyav thiab zoo li hloov qhov ntxoov ntxoo thaum siv.

Silicate . Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm silicate cib yog cov cement-sand sib tov, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom siv yog autoclaving. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv tau. Ntxiv nrog rau nws tus nqi qis, nws txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov duab, lub suab rwb thaiv tsev zoo, thiab lub zog. Kev nqus dej noo nce mus txog 15%, uas dhau los ua qhov laj thawj tsis ruaj khov ntawm cov cib silicate kom khov. Qhov hnyav hnyav ua ke nrog cov cua sov ua kom sov thiab tsis tshua muaj qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj - txhua qhov no yog qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas cov neeg yuav khoom tsis tshua xaiv cov xuab zeb -txiv qaub cib rau lub ntsej muag.

Sheathing

Tsev cladding, hauv kev sib piv rau cladding, ua 2 lub luag haujlwm - zoo nkauj thiab nqa -nqa. Qhov tom kawg tshwm sim nws tus kheej feem ntau hauv cov vaj tsev tsis muaj vaj tsev. Cov tawv nqaij sab nraud muaj lub nra hnyav, yog li cov ntaub ntawv siv yog ua los ntawm cov hlau (feem ntau yog hlau), uas yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv xeb. Kev tsim tsev hauv tsev feem ntau yog siv cov ntawv hlau tshwj xeeb lossis cov cua sov ua kom sov.

Thermal panels

Lawv yog cov khoom siv suav nrog txheej txheej ntawv ci nrog txheej txheej kaw, rwb thaiv tsev thiab txheej zoo nkauj. Raws li lub rhaub dej, polystyrene ua npuas ncauj thiab nws cov extruded version, ntxiv rau polyurethane ua npuas ncauj, tau siv. Kev nyiam yuav tsum muab rau cov khoom ua npuas polyurethane. Cov rwb thaiv tsev hauv lawv muaj cov pa cua me tshaj plaws, uas muab cov cua sov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws nrog qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom.

Clinker vuas feem ntau yog siv los ua txheej zoo nkauj.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev pleev xim, tau ua raws li kev ua cib, xaiv qhov ntxoov thiab cov xim sib txawv.

Cov khoom siv ruaj khov, 1.7 npaug sov dua li ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev rau mount nws, txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los soj ntsuam cov thev naus laus zis nrawm. Cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau tsau ncaj qha rau ntawm phab ntsa, zam kev tsim huab cua sib txawv ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag thiab lub ntsej muag. Qhov no yog vim qhov ua kom nruj ntawm cov thermal panels.

Cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tau qib ua ntej, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tsis txhob khawb ntawm cov cladding, uas yuav ua rau poob ntawm nws cov khoom ua haujlwm. Cov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm cov cladding yog txog 30 xyoo.

Cov ntawv txheeb

Hlau feem ntau yog siv los ua lub hauv paus rau sab nrauv cladding. Nws tau npog nrog txheej txheej ntawm zinc, uas tso cai rau koj kom ua tiav qhov ua tau zoo los tiv thaiv kev ua xeb. Kev tiv thaiv ntxiv tiv thaiv ib puag ncig cuam tshuam (feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm UV), nrog rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom siv yog muab los ntawm kev siv txheej txheej polymer.

Lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv thiab nws cov cua tsis kam tuaj yeem lav tau vim muaj qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov duab: cov ntawv galvanized tau siv los tsim cov cua nkag. Cov ntawv zoo sib xws tau siv ua cov ntawv vov tsev rau kho kom zoo nkauj ru tsev.

Txoj kev ua kom tiav no siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov tsev nyob, tab sis kuj rau tsev tsim vaj tsev, chaw nres tsheb. Cov ntawv txheeb tau ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov, thiab cov txheej txheem txuas tshiab kom ntseeg tau yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab ua haujlwm ntev. Los ntawm kev xaiv qhov no lossis qhov ntxoov ntxoo lossis kev taw qhia ntawm "furrows", koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov tshwj xeeb sab nrauv.

Kev teeb tsa yog ua tiav ntawm tus ncej npaj. Rau rwb thaiv tsev, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov polystyrene, cov khoom siv ntxhia los yog yuav cov ntawv sau, cov cua sov hauv lub hoobkas. Cov qauv tshiab tshaj plaws yog 2 daim ntawv txheeb, nruab nrab ntawm uas txheej txheej rwb thaiv tsev tau tso.

Kev daws teeb meem ua ke

Ntau zuj zus, cov tswv ntawm cov tsev ntiag tug tau siv los ua ke nrog cov tsev pheeb suab ntaub. Txoj kev no cuam tshuam nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau cov qauv hauv thaj tsam ntawm ib lub ntsej muag. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau ua tiav ob qho tib si los ntawm kev siv cov khoom sib txawv thiab los ntawm kev siv tib cov khoom siv nrog kev sib piv ntawm qhov sib txawv.

Txoj kev tom kawg yog qhov yooj yim dua ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab kev npaj ua haujlwm, nrog rau kev saib xyuas . Feem ntau, hauv qab tsev ntawm lub tsev, cov ces kaum, cov yam ntxwv me me, qhov rooj thiab qhov qhib qhov rooj yog qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub ntsej muag tso cai hais txog qhov nyuaj thiab ua kom yooj yim ntawm cov tsev ntawm kev teeb tsa nyuaj thiab ntxiv zest rau cov tsev uas yooj yim hauv cov duab.

Rau cov txheej txheem sab nrauv, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov pob zeb thiab cov cib yog qhov tsim nyog, nrog rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no nrog plaster.

Rau cov tsev nyob hauv Gothic lossis rustic style, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm pob zeb thiab plaster yog xaiv, ntxiv cov khoom tsim rau sab nrauv tsim. Rau lub teb chaws lub tsev nyob rau hauv cov style rustic, pob zeb, ntoo thiab cib tau siv. Rau cov tsev niaj hnub nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm minimalism - ua ke ntawm plaster thiab qhob, ntoo thiab cib.

Chaw tsim tshuaj paus

Tus thawj coj ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm lub ntsej muag ntub yog lub tuam txhab "Ceresit", uas nws cov khoom tsim tau li 20-30% ntawm kev ua lag luam hauv tsev. Plaster sib tov "Knauf", "Kreisel", "Biteks" kuj tseem xav tau. Ua kom muaj zog thiab muaj zog tiv taus ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov khoom lag luam no kom tiav tsis yog ntiag tug nkaus xwb tab sis kuj yog cov tuam tsev pej xeem.

Cov neeg uas tab tom nrhiav kom muaj cov cua kub cua sov zoo yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam. " Rhiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv facade " (IMF). Kev tsim kho tshiab, cov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub xeev thiab kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm txhua theem kev tsim khoom yog qhov uas tso cai rau cov chaw tsim khoom los ua txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Lub thickness ntawm rwb thaiv tsev, nyob ntawm qhov sau, yog 30-100 hli. Cov tsos kuj tseem sawv cev los ntawm ntau qhov kev sau: "Classic" (cov khoom siv cib ib txwm muaj), "German sau" (nrov hauv German clinker), "Pob zeb sau" (ua raws cov pob zeb nto), "Spanish sau" (ua raws li kev ntxhib los mos ntawm ancient Spanish castles). Tus nqi nruab nrab yog los ntawm 1,500 txog 3,500 rubles.

Lwm qhov chaw tsim khoom ntawm thermal sheathing panels, Termosit , tuaj yeem khav theeb ntawm qhov ua tau zoo thiab nyab xeeb ntawm nws cov khoom, uas tsis zoo dua li cov neeg nyob sab Europe. Lub thickness ntawm rwb thaiv tsev, nyob ntawm tus qauv, yog los ntawm 30 txog 80 hli. Tus nqi - hauv 1000-2000 rubles rau ib sq. m.

Cov chaw tsim khoom zoo tshaj plaws yog cov npe Docke (xaiv ntau ntawm cov ntoo zoo li cov vaj huam sib luag, ntxiv rau cov duab ntawm cov xim pastel txawv txawv), VOX (ntau pawg ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag ua piv txwv yam tsis tshua muaj ntoo, xim xim ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo me me), Alta-profile (tus thawj coj tsis ntseeg ntawm Kev ua lag luam Lavxias, tsim ua ib sab nrog ua piv txwv ntawm cov ntoo ntoo, cov xim zoo nkauj nrog rau cov tshiab khov-resistant panels).

Kev xaiv dav ntawm kab hlau rhuav phab ntsa tshuab tau nthuav tawm los ntawm lub tuam txhab " Ozersk Mineral Coatings Plant " … Cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb yog facade slabs raws li cov cement fiber ntau, ntxiv rau cov ntsiab lus ntxiv, cov kab hauv qab.

Cov vaj huam sib luag tiav tau pleev xim raws li tus neeg siv khoom xaj hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo nthuav tawm hauv RAL phau ntawv teev npe.

Piv txwv zoo nkauj

Ntoo vaj huam sib luag paub rau txhua tus tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov qauv tsim txawv txawv. Nws txaus los ua ke cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov xim sib txawv, hloov lawv cov kev coj ua hauv tib lub ntsej muag.

Cov kev xaiv uas nyiam tshaj plaws rau cladding nrog ntoo lossis ntoo ua piv txwv yog eurolining thiab thaiv lub tsev (ua piv txwv ntawm lub cav). Lub teb chaws cov tsev thiab dachas tsim los hauv txoj hauv kev no zoo li xis nyob thiab muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab hauv qab cov ntaub ntawv ntau lub tsev tuaj yeem zais (thav duab, cib, thaiv los yog thav duab ua ntej).

Rau lub tebchaws thiab cov tsev nyob hauv Provence, koj tuaj yeem siv cov xim tha xim los yog nws cov duab sib piv ua cov khoom tiav.

Lub tsev ua tiav nrog cov pob zeb cuav lossis cov vaj huam sib luag thiab sab nrauv nrog kev ua piv txwv ntawm cov pob zeb zoo li tsis zoo nkauj dua thiab txawm tias sab nrauv ruaj khov. Cib cladding yog ib qho classic. Txhawm rau tsim nws, koj tuaj yeem siv tsis yog tsuas yog cib, tab sis kuj yog cov nplais clinker lossis sab nrauv nrog kev ua raws cov masonry.

Cov phab ntsa uas muaj xim zoo li qub thiab tso cai rau koj los tsim qhov tshwj xeeb sab nrauv. Cov neeg tsim qauv pom zoo ua ke 2-3 hom vaj huam sib luag, zoo ib yam hauv lub suab, lossis siv kev daws teeb meem sib piv. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov profile kuj tuaj yeem sib txawv.

Siding ntsug tuaj yeem pom qhov "ncab chav", thiab kev siv cov vaj huam sib luag tso ntawm lub kaum sab xis yuav ntxiv ntim thiab nthuav tawm. Nws tsis pom zoo kom siv kab rov tav ib xim xim rau npog ntev, cov tsev yooj yim. Nws zoo nkaus li monotonous thiab tsis ntxim nyiam.

Siv tib lub plaster zoo nkauj nrog lwm txoj hauv kev thov tso cai rau koj kom tau txais qhov sib txawv sab nrauv sab nrauv. Plastered nyob rau hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov chaw tau paub, qhov no yog kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj rau sab nrauv hauv cov qauv qub, piv txwv li, tsoos lus Askiv lossis niaj hnub no.

Cov xim pleev xim zoo li tsis ntxim nyiam.

Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov organic feem ntau yog ua tiav los ntawm kev sib txuas ntau yam textures. Ntoo thiab pob zeb, cib thiab pob zeb, pob zeb thiab plaster sib haum xeeb "nyob ua ke" tsis pub dhau ib lub ntsej muag.