Cov Pob Zeb Tawg Dub: GOST. Nws Yog Dab Tsi? Cov Txheej Txheem Kub Ntawm Kev Teeb Tsa Lub Hauv Paus, Qhov Hnyav Ntawm Cov Pob Zeb Tawg Thiab Tso Qhov Kub, Cov Yam Ntxwv Thiab Cov M

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41

Cov pob zeb tawg dub yog cov khoom nrov uas tau siv dav los tsim txoj hauv kev muaj zog . Cov pob zeb tawg no, tom qab ua nrog bitumen thiab tshwj xeeb cov sib xyaw ua ke, kuj tseem siv rau kev tsim cov impregnation, asphalt qhob thiab kev npaj ntawm txoj kev neeg taug kev. Qhov no yog vim nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Cov pob zeb tawg dub yog cov organic-ntxhia sib xyaw tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov pob zeb thiab cov pob zeb sib tsoo nrog qee yam khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv uas qhov kev thov ntawm cov khoom siv no nyob ntawm. Hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, qee qhov nyiaj ntawm cov pob zeb tawg nrog rau ntawm lamellar thiab koob hmoov tau tso cai, uas txiav txim siab nws qhov ntom . Qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov suav nrog hauv feem pua yog los ntawm 25 txog 35%, thiab cov kua organic muaj nyob hauv qhov ntim tsis ntau tshaj 4%. Nyob ntawm cov kev faib ua feem no, cov pob zeb tawg tau siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev rau txoj hauv kev, lossis ua kom tsis muaj menyuam.

Cov pob zeb tawg dub tau tsim tsis yog tsuas yog los ntawm cov pob zeb tawg, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov pob zeb ntxhia, thiab qee zaum slags raug coj los rau nws cov khoom - tshuaj ntsuam ntawm lawv cov zom zaws . Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xwm txheej rau lawv siv yog kev ruaj khov, muaj zog qauv uas them rau qhov tawg ntawm cov nplej uas tsis yog cov qauv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom-GOST 30491-2012. Tom qab ua tiav, cov khoom fractional tau txais lub zog ntxiv, thiab nws cov khoom ua kom khov tau nce ntxiv. Qhov no tso cai rau koj txhawm rau txhim kho adhesion nrog lwm lub tsev tsim khoom ntawm kev sib xyaw.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb tawg dub:

• cov khoom ntws zoo;
• tiv taus zawv zawg thiab shear nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia longitudinal;
• zoo yas;
• tsis muaj kab nrib pleb;
• muaj peev xwm nqa khoom hnyav los ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud;
• muaj peev xwm ntim tau vim muaj cua thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov feem ntawm cov duab tshwj xeeb;
• ntev cia;
• qhov ua tau ntawm ntau hom kev nyiam, suav nrog txias, uas tso cai rau koj ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo.

Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov tseeb qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub voos xwmfab ntawm pob zeb tawg, uas, qhov tseeb, yog nws qhov ntom ntom. Nws qhov ntsuas pom tau zoo yog los ntawm 2600 txog 3200 kg ib m3. Thiab tseem qhov hnyav ntawm ntu nyuaj yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Qhov nqus tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom tsim khoom no yog 2.9 t / m3 - ntawm lub hauv paus no, nws txoj kev xa khoom tuaj yeem ua tau nrog kev siv thauj hnyav. Lub zog xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv yog kwv yees li 80 MPA thiab siab dua.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov pob zeb dub nws cov dej permeability siab tau txiav txim siab, tab sis, ntxiv rau, nws siv sijhawm ntev los tsim txoj hauv kev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog tias kev nteg tau ua thaum lub caij txias.

Cov txheej ntawm qhov xav tau lub zog ntawm cov txheej txheej no tsuas yog ua tiav tom qab 12 lub hlis.

Lawv ua li cas?

Hauv lawv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, qib sib txawv ntawm cov pob zeb tawg dub yuav muaj pob zeb, granite, bitumen emulsion lossis txoj kev roj bitumen. Hauv qhov no, ntxiv rau ntau txoj hlua khi tau siv, nyob ntawm seb tus txheej txheem tsim khoom - kub, sov lossis txias. Cov khoom tsim tawm tau siv rau txhua yam haujlwm uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tswj hwm qhov kub thiab txias.

Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb siv yog lub tov khoom, uas tau muab cov pob zeb tsoo, thiab tom qab ntawd 3% ntawm tar thiab bitumen sib tov ntxiv … Cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cement, cov kua qaub, cov kua qaub ncaj qha thiab thim rov qab (EBC, EBA) kuj tau xa mus rau ntawd. Yog tias siv thev naus laus zis ua raws, cov khoom siv tau ruaj khov dua, nws hnav-tiv taus thiab cov yam ntxwv nplaum tau nce ntxiv.

Txhua txoj hauv kev kwv yees nws tus kheej lub sijhawm sib xyaw thiab cov khoom sib xyaw

• Txhawm rau kom tau cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua kom txias, siv tar D-3 lossis D-4, siv cov kua bitumen SG, BND thiab BN. Hauv qee kis, kev tsim khoom cuam tshuam nrog kev siv astringent tar emulsions.
• Yog tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom sov pob zeb tawg, cov txheej txheem tso tawm muab ntxiv rau D-5 tar, BN thiab BND bitumen thiab kub ntawm 80-120 degrees.
• Ib hom kub ntawm cov pob zeb tawg dub tau tsim ntawm qhov kub ntawm 120-170 degrees, roj thiab txoj kev-roj bitumen, D-6 tar tau siv. Tom qab ntawd, kev teeb tsa pob zeb tawg kuj tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub siab yam tsawg 100 degrees.

Cov pob zeb tawg dub tuaj yeem ua ntawm nws tus kheej yog tias qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom tau pom. Cov pob zeb limestone nrog cov feem ntawm 20 mm raug coj los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb, ntxiv rau qhov no:

• sib xyaw bituminous BND hauv qhov ntau txog li 5% ntawm tag nrho cov pawg ntawm cov pob zeb tawg;
• cov roj ntsha dag (cov ua kom muaj zog) - 3%;
• caustic soda daws, los ntawm cov dej - 0.4%.

Ib qho ntxiv, koj yuav xav tau lub nruas sib xyaw nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lub rhaub dej kub. Feem ntau xws li lub thawv ntim khoom zoo li pear. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov sib xyaw los ntawm nws, koj yuav xav tau lub tipper tshwj xeeb.

Lub sijhawm ntau lawm rau cov pob zeb tawg dub yuav nyob ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm cov txiv qaub thiab cov khoom xyaw nquag, nrog rau qhov loj ntawm lub nruas.

Ua li cas?

Dub, feem me me los yog cov pob zeb sib tsoo zoo sib txawv tsis tsuas yog hauv kev npaj (txias, sov thiab kub) thiab teeb tsa, tab sis kuj yog qhov loj ntawm kev suav nrog:

• tej zaum yuav muaj cov nplej loj xws li qhov loj ntawm 40 txog 70 hli;
• nruab nrab - feem ntawm 20 txog 40 hli;
• suav nrog me me, uas yog, chips ntawm 5 txog 15 hli.

Cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws yog cov pob zeb tawg nrog qhov nruab nrab cov qoob loo. Qhov kim tshaj plaws yog kub dub tsoo pob zeb, uas muaj qhov ua haujlwm siab, ua kom muaj zog thiab nplaum. Hauv kev sib piv, qhov txias ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev tsis txawv hauv qhov zoo li no, tab sis nws tuaj yeem khaws cia txog li rau lub hlis, thaum nws tsis lo ua ke.

Kuj tseem muaj hom hniav zoo nkauj ntawm pob zeb tawg - cov dolerite , lub pob zeb muaj zog siab, muaj qhov tshwj xeeb uas yog qhov ci ntsa iab, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv pob zeb tsis tshua muaj rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm ib puag ncig. Qhov no yog pob zeb tsoo pob zeb kim, uas tau pleev xim rau hauv cov xim uas xav tau nrog kev pab ntawm cov thev naus laus zis siab, npaj rau txhawb thaj chaw vaj - txoj hauv kev, cov nyom thiab cov paj paj. Cov duab thiab kos duab tuaj yeem siv rau cov khoom siv no, lossis ua lwm txoj hauv kev.

Daim ntawv thov nta

Raws li txoj hauv kev, pob zeb tawg dub tau siv nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev txiav txim. Muaj qhov tshwj xeeb xav tau rau cov haujlwm no:

• qhov chaw tau raug tshem tawm ua ntej;
• sab saud ntawm cov av raug tshem tawm siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb;
• tom qab ntawd txheej txheej txheej tau muab tso, lub ntiaj teb tau tamped hauv thaj chaw xav tau;
• tom qab ntawd, qhov chaw tau npog nrog cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb kom tsis txhob tawg.

Kev tsim kho txoj hauv kev hauv qee kis yog ua los ntawm txoj hauv kev kub thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev sib yuav. Qhov ntsuas kub yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no, vim nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov qauv los ua monolithic.

Cov pob zeb tawg, muab tso rau hauv txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sau ntawv, muaj kev ntseeg tau ntau dua thiab ruaj khov. Cov khoom loj hauv tsev feem ntau nrog qhov ntev ntawm 40-70 hli yog ua ib zaug nrog me me, ua ntej pob zeb thiab pob zeb ua ntej … Cov thev naus laus zis no tshem tawm kev tsim cov kab nrib pleb, muab kev ywj pheej siab, thaum ua kom ruaj khov thiab ua kom muaj zog ntxiv ntawm txoj kev. Qhov ntxiv ntawm cov hlua khi kuj tseem ceeb - lawv cov nyiaj tau suav rau 1 m3 (3 l).

Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub pob zeb sov thiab kub tau muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus tam sim los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab thauj, thiab tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo nrog cov menyuam, cov menyuam du lossis pneumatic. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim yog cua sov muaj zog, cov khoom siv raug rau pwm thiab kab mob. Koj tuaj yeem zam qhov teeb meem no los ntawm kev ntxiv cov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm fatty acids, "Diethanolamine" thiab boric acid rau cov pob zeb tawg.