Asbestos Npuag: Ntaub Rau Lub Raj Cua Thiab Ntaub Asbestos Rau Tua Hluav Taws, Ntaub Los Ntawm Cov Fibers AT-3 Thiab AT-2, AT-4 Thiab Lwm Hom Pam Pam

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 05:41

Daim ntaub asbestos yog cov khoom siv fiber ntau zoo los ntawm pab pawg silicate. "Asbestos" hauv Latin txhais tau tias roob lossis tsob ntoo tawg tsis tau. Asbestos npuag yog ua los ntawm lub tshuab xaws los ntawm kev xaws cov xov paj. Nws, cov xov paj, tau sawv cev los ntawm asbestos fibers thiab paj rwb, lavsan lossis viscose threads uas khi lawv. Muaj peev xwm muaj 5-18% ntawm cov xov hauv cov ntaub.

Dab neeg keeb kwm

Cov ntaub tau tshwm sim hauv Antiquity, thaum tib neeg pom cov ntaub tsis-woven fibrous, zoo ib yam li cov ntoo lwj. Los ntawm lawv lawv tau txais lub tswv yim los xaws ib daim ntaub. Thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau pom meej tias cov ntaub uas tshwm sim tsis raug rau kev hlawv. Cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe, uas tsis hla ntawm qhov kev ua koob tsheej, nyiam kom npog cov rooj nrog cov ntaub pua chaw ua tau los ntawm cov ntaub asbestos . Thiab qhov no yog qhov laj thawj: tsis tas yuav tsum ntxuav lawv, tab sis koj tsuas tuaj yeem pov cov khoom zoo rau hauv qhov hluav taws. Thiab tom qab ntawd, tawm ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws kom huv thiab tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, npaj rau kev pabcuam tshiab.

Los ntawm txoj kev, rau lub sijhawm ntev tib neeg feem ntau tsis nkag siab tias qhov no ua tau li cas, thaum lwm tus siv nws. Txawm tias Charlemagne tsis xav txog nws txaj muag los qhia nws ib puag ncig qhov kev dag no nrog asbestos pov rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub . Cov neeg saib zoo siab tau paub tseeb tias tus kav tuaj yeem tiv taus tus nplaim taws, thiab yog li ntawd, nws kuj yog tus txawj ua yees siv. Ntau xyoo thiab ntau pua xyoo, qhov kev thov rau asbestos npuag tsuas yog nce zuj zus. Lawv twb ua kaus mom, hnab looj tes, phuam da dej thiab ntau ntxiv los ntawm nws. Needless hais, knight armor tsis ua tsis muaj ntaub asbestos, uas ua rau lawv fireproof. Asbestos tau siv los ua cov ntaub thaiv hauv tsev ua yeeb yaj kiab, cov neeg ua mov ci tau xaws khaub ncaws rau lawv tus kheej los ntawm cov ntaub xws li cov iav thiab kws ntaus hlau, piv txwv li, siv nws.

Niaj hnub no, ntaub asbestos tau tsim tawm hauv ntau qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb: hauv Asmeskas, Canada, Is Nrias teb . Tam sim no, txoj hauv kev ntawm nws cov khoom tau txhim kho, viscose lossis lavsan tuaj yeem muab ntxiv ua cov khoom sib txuas. Lawm, muaj ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb mus txog qhov muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai ntawm asbestos. Thiab lub ncauj lus, qhov tseeb, tsis yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb: hauv ntau lub tebchaws nws raug txwv tsis pub ua cov khoom uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.

Tseeb, rau qhov no rau ib tus neeg kom tau txais kev pheej hmoo zoo li no, asbestos fibers yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws kom siab . Thiab qhov no twb siv rau cov pawg ntawm cov neeg uas niaj hnub ua haujlwm nrog asbestos. Hauv kev tsim khoom, yog li ntawd, tshiab, qib zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tau siv. Tab sis asbestos ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog suav tias tsis muaj mob thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub yog siv los ua cua sov lossis rwb thaiv tsev, ua lub hauv paus rau kev hnav khaub ncaws thiab lwm yam.

Cov canvas ua li cas?

Qhov tso nyiaj ntau tshaj ntawm asbestos tau sau tseg hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Fabkis, Nyij Pooj, Russia thiab South Africa. Ua ntej koj siv cov khoom siv rau kev hloov pauv ntxiv, koj yuav tsum tau muab nws tawm kom zoo, hauv txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb. Cov ntaub yog tsim los ntawm ob qho kev sib tshuam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev. Ntxiv rau asbestos, lwm cov fibers tau ntxiv rau cov ntaub, tag nrho cov feem pua uas yuav tsis siab dua 18. Yog tias paj rwb lossis viscose tau ntxiv, lub sijhawm lav ntawm cov ntaub yog 5 xyoos, yog tias nws yog polyester fiber, nws tau txuas ntxiv mus rau 10 xyoo.

Tseem ceeb! Chrysotile asbestos lossis magnesium hydrosilicate yog siv rau kev tsim cov ntaub asbestos. Cov khoom yog txheej, suav nrog cov pob zeb uas nyias nyias uas ua rau cov kua muag tsis kam tiv taus.

Tom qab sib txuas cov fibers ntev ntev no, ib phau ntawv ntxiv rau ntawd, sib tw rau hauv cov xov hu ua asbestos yarn. Thiab ntawm kev xaws xov, cov xov no tau xaws rau hauv daim ntaub. Weave raws li yooj yim yooj yim weaving, thiab rep thiab twill. Qhov saum npoo ntawm daim ntaub yog ntxhib.

Cov chaw tsim khoom tsim cov ntaub asbestos hauv yob ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg . Cov no tuaj yeem yog ob qho qauv loj thiab qhov qub, uas tau pom zoo ua ntej nrog cov neeg siv khoom. Qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub yob yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 80 kg. Lub ntuj xim ntawm daim ntaub yog dawb nrog lub ntsej muag me ntsis, tab sis nws tuaj yeem yog xim daj-ntsuab thiab daj-xim av. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov neeg siv khoom xav tau, cov ntaub thaiv hluav taws yuav raug pleev xim dua.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom

Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub yog hluav taws tsis kam. Qhov no yog, qhov tseeb, tsuas yog cov khoom siv ntawm hom no uas tuaj yeem lav kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, uas yog, cov khoom siv tua hluav taws nrog lub ntuj tsim nyob hauv qab. Muaj qee qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom, nws:

• hluav taws kub thiab tiv tshav kub;
• ruaj thiab tiv taus hnav;
• te-resistant;
• muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo rwb thaiv tsev;
• tsis ntshai fungi thiab rotting;
• tiv taus alkalis thiab qee cov kua qaub;
• muaj lub suab ua suab qis;
• txawv hauv kev them taus.

Puas muaj kev tsis zoo rau cov khoom siv? Yog, nws tsis yog tsis muaj lawv. Piv txwv li, daim ntaub asbestos xav tau pov tseg tshwj xeeb. Qhov ua phem los ntawm nws tsuas yog txhawj xeeb tsuas yog cov kws tshaj lij uas yuav tsum tau sib txuas lus tas li nrog cov ntaub. Asbestos cov hmoov av, raws li tau hais los saum no, tuaj yeem khom hauv lub ntsws.

Tab sis cov kws tshaj lij raug tiv thaiv los ntawm cov khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom siv tib yam uas mus muag thiab siv rau ntau yam haujlwm tsim kho yuav tsum ua raws li GOST thiab tau ntawv pov thawj.

Hom kev txheeb xyuas

Hauv kev tsim kho, asbestos tau siv ntau dua. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm nws.

AW-4

Thaum siv, nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub txog li +400 degrees, muaj txog li 82% cov pob zeb hauv av, thiab ua ib phau ntawv nws hais txog tooj liab hlau. Nws yog cov khoom siv ntawm kev ntxiv dag zog thiab ntom ntom. Siv hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav.

AT-2

Kev ua haujlwm kub kuj tseem yog +400 degrees, cov ntxhia hauv cov ntaub yog 81.5%. Cov ntaub ntawv yog paj rwb. Nws yog siv hauv kev tsim cov asbestos laminates. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov khoom ntim, uas tsis suav nrog ib txheej ntawm daim ntaub asbestos thiab tau pleev xim nrog cov yas. Nws cov peev txheej yog rwb thaiv tsev cua sov hauv kev lag luam, ntxiv rau ua kom cov khoom ruaj khov dua.

AW-7

Kev tiv taus kub txog li +450 degrees, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov ntxhia hauv nws yog 90%. Nws yog siv los ua cov khoom ua kom sov thiab rwb thaiv tsev kub.

AW-3

Zoo tib yam rau AT-2 cov khoom. Paj rwb kuj tau ntxiv rau nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov khoom zoo rau cov khoom lag luam khoom lag luam.

Lwm yam

Ntaub A-5 kuj tseem nyob ze rau A-4, nws tseem suav nrog cov tooj dag, qhov nthuav dav ntawm daim ntawv thov yog tib yam. AT-1 sau kom raug AT-1C, qhov kub ntawm kev siv yog +400 degrees, ntxhia fiber hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg 85%, paj rwb raug xaiv los ua cov ntaub ntawv. AT-6 tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub tsis tshaj 100 degrees, thiab cov dej hauv cov dej hauv nws sib npaug li 95%, cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim cov diaphragms rau dej electrolysis.

AT-8 thiab AT-9 zoo sib xws hauv daim ntawv thov thiab thov rau AT-7. AT -16 - ntaub nrog tsawg kawg 95% asbestos hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, haum rau qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 100 degrees. Nws yog siv los ua diaphragm hauv dej electrolysis, ntxiv rau hauv kev tsim cov ntaub sib txuas nthuav dav.

Npav

Daim ntaub asbestos muaj nws tus kheej cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam nrog nws cov khoom ua tau zoo. Lawv tau sau tawm hauv GOST 6102 94. Rau txhua lub npe, raws li tus qauv no, yuav tsum muaj nws tus kheej ntsuas, uas suav nrog qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom thickness ntsuas). Dab tsi yuav tsum yog ntawm daim ntawv lo ntawm txhua lub npe:

• chaw tsim tshuaj paus;
• lub npe ntawm daim ntaub thiab nws hom;
• yob dav;
• tus naj npawb ntawm pawg uas tau tsim cov canvas tshwj xeeb;
• hnub tsim khoom;
• txheej txheem thiab kev ua haujlwm;
• tsab ntawv T.

Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom zoo li no tsuas yog los ntawm tus muag khoom ntseeg uas muaj txhua yam ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau nws. Cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, yog li ntawd qhov cuav yuav raug nqi ntau rau tus neeg yuav khoom.

Nws siv rau dab tsi?

Chrysotile asbestos yog cov ntaub asbestos nrov tshaj plaws. Thiab qhov dav ntawm nws daim ntawv thov yog dav heev. Nov tsuas yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm thaj chaw uas siv ntaub ntaub asbestos.

• Ru tsev thiab khoom phab ntsa. Yog tias koj ntxiv asbestos rau cov cement, koj tau txais cov ntaub asbestos-cement uas muaj zog heev. Nws tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntawv.
• Cov nplais ntsej muag, siab (thiab tsis siab) cov kav dej sib txawv.
• Cov ntxaij lim dej, cov hlua, nrog rau cov ntaub, cov duab los qhia - thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws uas tau siv rau rwb thaiv tsev cua sov thiab cov kev xav tau.
• Cov khoom siv roj hmab. Piv txwv li, txhawm rau ua cov ntaub qhwv roj hmab, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov tshuaj asbestos rau nws nrog paj rwb thiab paj rwb hauv cov mis.
• Asphalt qhob sib tov, drilling thiab kev tsim kho daws teeb meem.

Zuag qhia tag nrho yog ua los ntawm asbestos rau tua hluav taws, rau hluav taws pam thiab pam, rau vuam . Xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem siv rau chimney, rau cua tshuab lub qhov cua, thiab tsis yog rau vuam lossis tua hluav taws. Hauv kev nres, piv txwv li, asbestos yog siv los tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam. Hauv kev lag luam, nws nquag siv rau kev pom. Nws tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov yas, cov rwb thaiv tsev, cov khoom seem. Asbestos kuj tseem nquag siv rau insulate qhov cub thiab lwm yam khoom siv cua sov.

Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub no yog tiv thaiv ib tus neeg los ntawm kev cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

Cov Lus Qhia Saib Xyuas

Cov cai rau kev siv thiab khaws cov ntaub ntaub pib nrog kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb

• Chav nyob uas ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub asbestos yuav tsum tau nruab nrog kev tso cua tawm, thiab qhov cua yuav tsum muaj zog. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov khoom siv ua pa, cov khoom asbestos yuav tsum raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw.
• Thaum ua haujlwm nrog daim ntaub, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov hnav khaub ncaws kaw thiab hnab looj tes tuab. Kev sib cuag ntawm cov teeb meem nrog daim tawv nqaij thiab cov hnoos qeev ntawm tus neeg yuav tsum raug txo kom tsawg.
• Cov canvas nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Zoo, yog tias qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, thiab nws tseem nyob hauv qhov cua qhib, koj yuav tsum tuaj nrog qee yam los tiv thaiv nws los ntawm ya raws. Txwv tsis pub, ntaub yuav tsis ua haujlwm.
• Daim ntaub asbestos tuaj yeem thauj tau zoo hauv txhua txoj kev, tab sis tsuas yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ntim khoom tiav thiab zoo ntawm cov khoom hauv polyethylene. Qee zaum cov ntaub tau ntub nyob rau hauv qee txoj hauv kev thaum thauj mus los kom cov hmoov av ntawm asbestos tsis tso rau saum huab cua. Tab sis ntau zaus qhov zoo, pob nruj yog txaus.
• Kev ziab khaub ncaws asbestos kom qhuav yuav tsum tau ua ntu ntu tsawg kawg 1 zaug hauv 3 lub hlis. Cov ntaub yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav ntawm cov hmoov av ntawm qhov qub.

Kev khaws cia cov ntaub yog qhov tseem ceeb heev: cov rooj kaw thiab cov ntaub npog uas nkag tsis tau rau hauv dej yuav pab kom siv cov ntaub sai sai thaum muaj hluav taws.

Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau qhuav ntau kom tsis txhob tso tseg nws cov khoom. Hauv tebchaws Russia, daim ntaub asbestos tau siv thiab tsim tawm, txawm tias muaj ntau lub tebchaws tau tso nws tseg . Tab sis lawv tseem tsis tau pom qhov tsim nyog hloov pauv rau nws, thiab yog li ntawd lawv tso nws hauv kev tsim khoom. Nws tseem yuav taug qab cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab, thiab cov ntaub uas yuav tsum tau siv tam sim no tau ua haujlwm nrog txhua qhov kev ceev faj.