Karelian Birch (26 Duab): Cov Khoom Ntoo, Kev Ntxhib Los Mos Qhov Twg Tsob Ntoo Loj Tuaj, Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiaj Paub Qhov Txawv Ntawm Qhov Zoo Ib Yam, Txiav Xim, Nws Zoo Li Cas

2024 Tus sau: Beatrice Philips | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 12:13

Txog kev tsim khoom, ntxiv rau kev tsim txuj ci ntsig txog ntoo ua haujlwm, txawm tias cov pob tw nrog qhov deformation tsawg tshaj plaws yog suav tias yog canonical. Ntawd yog, Karelian birch tsis tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv qhov kev nkag siab no. Ntxiv mus, hom tsiaj no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws . Nov yog qhov uas qhov ua tsis zoo los ua qhov txiaj ntsig zoo. Vim lawv, ntoo tau txais cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj marble, zoo kawg thiab tsis muaj qhov zoo tshaj.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Txawm tias thaum lub sijhawm Catherine II kav, hav zoov Fokel tshawb txog hav zoov ntawm sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Russia. Nyob ntawd nws pom ntoo uas nws tsis tau pom dua ua ntej. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, nws yog cov ntoo zoo tib yam, tab sis los ntawm sab hauv nws zoo li nws tsis yog tsob ntoo hauv nws, tab sis yog marble tiag.

Xyoo 1857, tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias hu ua Merklin hu ua tus yug "Karelian birch" (ntawm qhov chaw pom).

Tshwm sim

Nws yog ib yam ntawm cov ntoo uas poob qis, uas muaj cov tuab ntawm lub rooj (lub qhov ncauj) thiab cov ntawv sib tw uas tsis sib haum . Tab sis, qhov tseem ceeb yog Karelian birch muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txiav, uas tau txais xws li vim yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov fibers . Nws cov ntoo yog tawv heev thiab tawv. Birch drooping tsis tuaj yeem khav txog qhov no.

Hauv ib qho kev piav qhia nws yuav hais tias nws loj hlob tawg, yog nyob hauv pab pawg, tom qab ntawd me me. Tsis tsim thickets. Yuav yog tsob ntoo lossis tsob ntoo ntawm 5 txog 20 m siab. Ob lub hav txwv yeem loj thiab tsob ntoo ntsias muaj nyob hauv qhov. Lub crowns ntawm cov ntoo yog me ntsis, ragged duab.

Kev piav qhia botanical:

• ntoo deciduous;
• nruab nrab txoj kab nruab nrab ntawm lub cev - 40 cm;
• Karelian birch paj tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, sau hauv inflorescences;
• txiv neej tsis qhwv ntsej tseem nyob ntawm tsob ntoo thaum lub caij ntuj no, thaum poj niam sawv ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav;
• cov noob me me uas muaj tis yuav loj tuaj thaum kawg lub caij ntuj sov;
• cov phaj nplooj muaj daim duab peb sab, lub hauv paus yog dav, lub apex yog cov duab puab, ntug yog ob npaug hniav.

Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm Karelian birch yog pitted, tuab ntoo heev. Ntawm qhov txiav ntawm qhov loj, ib tus tuaj yeem pom kev tsaus ntuj tsaus nti sab hauv suav nrog thiab cov kab sib txuas ua ke nyob ib puag ncig. Lub kaus mom kuj ua rau cov qauv ntoo "marbled".

Qhov feem ntau cov qia zoo nkauj tau txiav txim siab muab txuas nrog, muaj ntau yam ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Tsob ntoo siab dua, qhov nws txo qis . Cov tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo Karelian yog coarser, hauv cov ntoo hluas nws yog xim liab-xim av. Ib txheej ntawm cov tawv ntoo uas tawv ntoo zoo nkaus li tsuas yog hauv tsob ntoo uas twb muaj 4 xyoos lawm.

Cov khoom ntoo

Lub tuberosity ntawm cov qia tsim cov ntoo tshwj xeeb. Cov txheej ntoo txhua xyoo ntawm cov ntoo no tau khoov hauv cov nthwv dej, cov fibers muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, thiab cov duab hluav taws xob loj tuaj rau hauv cov nqaij mos. Cov ntoo kev ntxhib los mos muaj ntau ntawm curliness thiab tsaus nti suav nrog, mus rau qhov sib txawv. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov fibers, nrog rau lawv qhov ntau thiab cov qauv ntoo nws tus kheej, ib txwm txawv. Lawv txawv ntawm xim, ntev thiab dav . Fibers tau pom nrog cov kab nkhaus thiab cov duab tsis xwm yeem - qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb tau tsim los ntawm kev txiav ntoo, tsim nyog ntawm cov txhuam zoo nkauj.

Yog tias cov plaub hau nyob ze rau cov tawv ntoo tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub cev, qhov no suav tias yog hmoov zoo. Ntau qhov tseeb, yog tias muaj cov qauv sib dhos ua ke thoob plaws hauv lub cev ntawm tsob ntoo, qhov no zoo siab heev hauv kev ua ntoo.

Nta ntawm ntoo:

• curls thiab plexuses ntawm fibers tsim tshwj xeeb ci , duab tshav thiab qhov me me uas zoo ib yam li marble hauv qhov pom kev;
• daj, xim av, paj yeeb, xim daj - ntawm no yog xim palette ntawm Karelian birch;
• qhov hnyav ntawm ntoo no tshaj qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntoo ib txwm los ntawm 30% .

Raws li rau cov khoom siv dag zog, lawv tseem tsis tau kawm 100% . Tab sis, piv txwv li, nws tau paub tias qhov kev tiv thaiv kom nruj nyob ntawm seb cov txheej txheem ntawm cov fibers tau npaj li cas. Qhov ntom ntawm cov ntoo yog siab, qhov tsis kam ua kom zoo li qub khoov qis. Cov khoom tawg yog siab heev. Qhov phem tshaj qhov tsob ntoo tshwj xeeb yog, sai nws yuav tawg.

Muaj ntau qhov hloov pauv vim li cas cov qauv ntawm Karelian birch tau tsim los ua kev zoo siab. Cov hauv qab no suav tias yog lub tswv yim nrov: pathogenic microflora, nws yog hais txog nws. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj cov lus sib cav tseem ceeb tawm tsam - tsob ntoo noj qab haus huv tsis kis tus kab mob hauv paus. Thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tau txheeb xyuas cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem tawm ntawm cov duab kos. Nws ntseeg tias cambium tuag tawm yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov qauv; hauv qee thaj tsam nws ua rau nws cov haujlwm tsis muaj zog. Thiab cov tshuaj heteroauxin kuj tseem "raug liam" rau qhov no, uas, thaum nce ntxiv, tuaj yeem muab cov qauv zoo li no, tswj hwm qib sucrose.

Loj hlob hauv cheeb tsam

Lub cheeb tsam tseem ceeb yog sab qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Russia. Birch hlob hauv Karelia, Leningrad, Yaroslavl, Kaluga, Bryansk, Vladimir cheeb tsam. Koj tuaj yeem ntsib nws hauv Baltics, Belarus, Scandinavian lub tebchaws, hauv Ukraine. Qee zaum, koj tuaj yeem pom Karelian birch nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Carpathians, txawm tias tsawg dua hauv tebchaws Poland thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees.

Ntau yam los ntawm hom pob tw

Karelian birch muaj kev sib tw - dej khov thiab nyob deb -Karlian. Qhov tom kawg yog hom birch dangling, thiab paub feem ntau rau nws cov nplooj uas zoo nkauj heev. Tab sis Karelian birch kuj tseem muaj ntau yam hauv cov tsiaj. Piv txwv li, los ntawm hom pob tw.

• Bushy … Cov ntoo zoo li no tsis muaj qhov qhia tau zoo ib yam, vim tias nyob hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob, lub cev tswj kom tawg mus rau sab ceg. Nws tshwm sim uas tsis txhob siv lub hauv paus loj, ob qho tib si ntsug thiab cov uas loj zuj zus nce toj muaj zog. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hauv paus ib feem ntawm lub cev yuav raug tsim tshwj xeeb. Hauv cov ntoo uas muaj cov ntoo, cov tua tsis xaus nrog lub paj tawg, tab sis nrog ob lossis peb lub paj uas nyob ib sab, tsim cov ceg ntoo tawg. Thiab hom ntoo no (yog tias, ntawm chav kawm, teeb pom kev zoo thiab pub dawb pub rau) nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm tsob ntoo. Cov ntoo ntoo uas nyob ze qhov kawg muaj ntoo zoo nkauj tshaj plaws. Tab sis qhov xwm txheej muaj tsawg ntawm nws, cov ntoo tsim tawm yuav me me, vim tias hauv kev lag luam nws yeej tsis siv.
• Luv-barreled … Lub cev ntawm ntau yam no pom tau luv dua, qhov siab, cov duab thiab cov qauv ntawm cov yas kuj txawv. Cov yas muaj qhov nthuav dav, nws yog puag ncig, muaj ntau nplooj. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm tsob ntoo yog hloov los ntawm ntau qhov sib npaug sib ceg uas tuab tuab. Muaj qhov laj thawj los sau hom Karelian birch no: los ntawm qis ntu ntu, koj tuaj yeem siv, txawm tias luv luv, tab sis zoo nkauj zoo nkauj.
• High-barreled … Cov nroj tsuag no muaj qhov siab (lossis ze li ib txwm) qia qhov siab. Ntawd yog, nws yuav luag tsis txawv ntawm drooping birch. Tsob ntoo tau zoo tshem ntawm cov ceg ntoo, thiab nws txoj kab uas hla yog qhov ib txwm muaj. Los ntawm ntau yam no, nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais cov cav txog 4-5 meters. Thiab nws yuav yog cov khoom muaj nqis tiag tiag.

Cog thiab tawm

Kev yug me nyuam ntawm Karelian birch yog lub patrimony ntawm cov chaw zov me nyuam ntawm cov chaw tshawb fawb. Loj hlob hom tsiaj no ntawm koj tus kheej tsis yooj yim. Tsis muaj kev lees paub tias yuav muaj cov noob qoob loo uas tawm los ntawm cov noob. Muaj cov txheeb cais raws li cov qauv yuav ua nyob rau hauv tsis pub dhau ib feem peb ntawm cov xwm txheej. I.e, tsuas yog 30% ntawm cov ntoo muaj kev noj qab haus huv uas tawm los yuav muaj cov ntoo txawv txawv . Tus so ntawm cov ntoo yuav loj hlob zoo ib yam li dai ntoo.

Yog tias nws tau txiav txim siab cog, qhov no yuav tsum ua tiav thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lossis lub caij nplooj zeeg. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov av tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb, tab sis lub teeb yuav tsum txaus rau tsob ntoo. Yog li ntawd, qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau Karelian birch yuav yog thaj chaw qhib.

Thaum khawb qhov rau cov yub, koj yuav tsum ua raws txoj cai no - lawv yuav tsum yog ib thiab ib nrab lub sijhawm loj dua cov hauv paus txheej txheem ntawm tsob ntoo hluas. Kev cog rau hauv av tuaj yeem ua ke nrog kev qhia ntawm rotted compost, mullein lossis nplooj humus. Urea lossis ammonium nitrate kuj tau ntxiv. Thaum cog tiav, tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau ywg dej ntau.

Kev saib xyuas nta:

• thawj xyoo tseem ceeb heev tiv thaiv birch los ntawm ziab tawm sai li sai tau thaum tshav kub tawm - tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau ywg dej;
• Txhawm rau kom dej tau khaws cia zoo dua hauv av, cov hauv paus yuav tsum yog mulch - peat, koob, sawdust zoo tib yam yuav ua rau qhov no;
• ob peb zaug hauv ib lub caij hauv cov av uas koj xav tau ua cov tshuaj ntxhia ua chiv uas yuav txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm birch;
• thiab nov koj tsis tas yuav tsim cov plaub hau , yog tias qhov no ua tiav, cov yas yuav rov qab maj mam;
• yog txiav , tom qab ntawd tsuas yog mob lossis twb tuag lawm thiab tsuas yog nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, kom txog thaum cov kua dej ntws pib;
• qhov twg tua yuav tsum raug txiav tawm, lub qhov txhab yuav tsum tau kho vaj suab .

Tsis xav tau kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb thiab tiv thaiv lub caij ntuj no. Mob khaub thuas thiab cov hauv paus hniav, thiab lub cev yuav ua siab ntev.

Luam tawm

Kev tua tsiaj ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau rau Karelian birch. Kuv yuav tsum txuas dendrologists. Rau yuav luag 90 xyoo, tsis tshua muaj hom ntoo thuv tau cog qoob loo. Thiab qhov loj tshaj plaws cog ntawm Karelian kev zoo nkauj tau tiv thaiv los ntawm Kivach cia.

Koj tuaj yeem cog ib tsob ntoo

1. Los ntawm txoj kev noob - qhov kev xaiv no feem ntau yog siv hauv chaw zov menyuam. Cov kws tshwj xeeb khaws cov paj ntoo thiab ua kom loj hlob nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm. Txawm tias ua ntej cog, cov noob tau khaws cia hauv qhov txias rau peb lub hlis. Noob tau sown nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av, hauv av lawv los ntawm ib lub meter thiab ib nrab. Muaj kwv yees li 1 g ntawm cov noob ib square meter. Cov noob uas tau nce lawm yuav tsum tau dhia dej.
2. Zaub txoj kev - qhov kev xaiv no yog qhov zoo vim nws kwv yees cov qauv ntawm cov ntoo kom ntau dua. Rau grafting, nqa ntsuab txiav los ntawm sab saum toj ntawm cov yas. Cuttings yog npaj nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Cov khoom siv tau muab tso rau hauv qhov sib cais ntawm cov ntoo ntawm cov ntoo qub, nws tseem tuaj yeem ua rau tawv ntoo. Qhib ntu yuav tsum tau npog nrog yas. Kev qhwv kuj tseem ua haujlwm.

Kev txiav ntawm Karelian birch yuav tsis paus hauv lawv tus kheej. Kev luam tawm los ntawm txheej txheej yuav ua tau zoo. Cov ntoo laus uas muaj hnub nyoog tsawg kawg 15 xyoos tau siv rau qhov no.

Feem ntau ntoo npaj rau kev ntog poob hauv qhov no.

Yuav ua li cas kom paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov ib txwm?

Nws nyuaj rau lawv tsis meej pem, txawm hais tias, muab tias Karelian birch tseem muaj nws tus kheej ntau yam, qhov ua yuam kev tsis suav nrog.

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Karelian birch thiab drooping birch:

• marble txiav qauv - tab sis qhov sib txawv no tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas cov ntoo sab hauv, txiav ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo, piv txwv li;
• branched, es nkhaus pob tw - qhov no yog daim ntawv qhia tseeb tshaj plaws;
• lub cev ntawm Karelian birch tau npog yam ntxwv influxes thiab pob;
• sab hauv tsob ntoo yog sib zog heev , ntoo fibers tau qhia rau lub dav hlau txiav ntawm ntau lub kaum sab xis;
• ntoo nws tus kheej yog lub teeb , tab sis cov blotches uas tsim tus qauv yog tsaus.

Thaum kawg, Karelian birch tsis tuaj yeem pom hauv qhov tob ntawm hav zoov. Tab sis raws ntug dej hiav txwv, nws loj hlob zoo dua.

Thawj xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, tsob ntoo hluas tsis txawv ntau los ntawm cov ntoo zoo tib yam, nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb tau tsim tom qab, tom qab tsawg kawg 10 xyoo.

Nws siv qhov twg?

Xyoo 1917, Faberge hom tau ua qe Easter los ntawm Karelian birch ntoo - nws yog kev txiav txim huab tais. Txij thaum ntawd los, ntau dua ib tiam tau tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas qhov zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntoo, tab sis niaj hnub no lawv tau sim khaws cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, uas yog, txhawm rau txo qhov raug txiav tawm.

Cov ntoo no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo raws li cov khoom siv dai kom zoo nkauj . Cov ntoo txawv txawv, ntau dua li marble, hauv cov khoom siv tes ua (thawv, khoom plig) yuav ua kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Karelian birch rooj tog yuav yog ib qho khoom plig, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov twj paj nruas ua los ntawm cov ntoo no zoo saib heev. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm cov tsev nrog Karelian birch kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tau, txawm hais tias kev kho vaj tsev zoo li kim heev.

Niaj hnub no, rooj tog me me yog tsim los ntawm cov ntoo muaj nqis. - tsob ntoo dhau los tsis tshua muaj, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau khaws nws, yog li kev txiav tawm, uas yuav tsum tau tsim rooj tog, tsis tau nqa tawm … Tab sis Karelian birch veneer tau siv - qhov no tuaj yeem hu ua kev daws teeb meem.

Yam khoom twg yog qhov xav tau:

• riam tuav - lawv yuav muab qhov sib txawv rau ntau yam khoom boho, ntxiv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm Scandinavian cov npe, vim tias lawv saib ob qho tib si ntuj thiab tsis paub zoo;
• cov txee - kev yuav khoom kim heev yuav yog lub rooj ua los ntawm Karelian birch, yog tias nws yog veneer, nws yooj yim dua los nrhiav cov rooj tog zoo li no;
• caskets - tsis xav tau kev kho kom zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb, vim cov khoom siv zoo nkauj txaus rau tus kheej;
• billiard hais lus - cov neeg paub qhov kev ua si yuav txaus siab rau cov cuab yeej yooj yim, txhim khu kev qha thiab zoo nkauj.

Los ntawm txoj kev, ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo no tseem muaj qhov tshwj xeeb hauv qhov nws tsuas yog cov khoom siv hauv ntiaj teb uas ntsuas tsis yog hauv cubic metres, tab sis hauv kilograms. Txhua tus neeg tau siv rau qhov ntim ntawm hav zoov, tab sis Karelian birch xav tau tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb.

Qee zaum koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntoo ntawm Karelian birch ntawm kev ua lag luam: cov khoom siv tes ua yuav lawv thiab ua cov khoom me me lawv tus kheej - tib rab riam tuav, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, khoom siv nuv ntses. Qhov thaiv no yuav yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig pom.

Hmoov tsis zoo, tsob ntoo txawv txawv no suav hais tias yog tsob ntoo niaj hnub no. Hais txog cov ntoo ib txwm, qhov no tsis yog qhov ua kom yuag tag nrho. Thiab txawm hais tias kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov tsiaj tab tom tab tom, nws yuav tsis yog qhov cia siab rau nws nkaus xwb .… Qhov no tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim, thiab nws tsis tas yuav ua tiav. Tias yog vim li cas dendrologists yaum kom khaws ntuj tsim kev loj hlob, tiv thaiv lawv, ua tib zoo siv ntoo hauv kev lag luam.

Tau kawg, tom qab txiav, txiav, ziab, ua tiav, cov khoom zoo nkauj tau txais, tab sis txhawm rau lwm tiam kom pom lawv, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau khaws thiab rov ua cov khoom uas twb muaj lawm los ntawm Karelian birch.

Coob leej neeg nyiam kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj pom cov rooj tog thiab khoom plig los ntawm Is Taws Nem, cov thawv los ntawm Karelian kev zoo nkauj, hloov pauv lawv, ua rau lawv lub neej nyob ntev.